• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2011

Recently, considering the aspects of disaster prevention and environmental damage, the construction of a twin tunnel is increasing. When constructing a twin tunnel, the stresses are concentrated at the pillar so that stability of the tunnel is decreased. Since the previous studies on the behavior of a twin tunnel pillar are mainly restricted to the estimation of the tunnel behavior and the analysis of surface settlement, there is a limit to a quantitative stability estimation of the pillar. Therefore, it was quantitatively investigated how the pillar width of a twin tunnel affects its stability. To ensure this end, global tunnel safety factors obtained numerically using shear strength reduction technique, local safety factors of a pillar using the equation that Matsuda et al. suggested, and strength/stress ratios of the pillar were estimated and their results were analyzed for two sections with different rock covers. For a reasonable design of a twin tunnel pillar, it was turned out that strength/stress ratio, the local pillar safety factor, and global tunnel safety factor should be used interrelatedly rather than independently.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.373-386
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• 2014

This paper concerns the deformation behavior of tunnels crossing weak zone during excavation. A three dimensional finite element model was adopted in order to conduct a parametric study on the orientation of weaj zone in terms of strike and dip angle relative to the tunnel longitudinal axis. The results of the analyses were then analyzed so that the tunnel displacements in terms of the ratios between the crown settlement and springline displacement can be related to the orientation of the weak zone. The results indicate that the displacement ratios between the tunnel crown and springline tend to quantitatively change when a weak zone exists near or ahead of the tunnel suggesting that the displacement ratios can be effectively used to predict the weak zone during tunnelling. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.287-307
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• 2013

Numerous discussions on the KORUS FTA has been centered around issues on trade in goods, services, or dispute settlement mechanisms. On the other hand, little attention has been given to Chpater 21 of the KORUS FTA on transparency, especially Article 21.6 which states about anti-corruption. Article 21.6 and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act shares the common purpose to prevent corruptive business practice, and they show similarities in many aspects. The FCPA enforcement has dramatically increased over the past ten years by the U.S. Department of Justice and Securities Exchange Commission stretching its jurisdiction to foreign nationals and companies. Korean business professionals and corporations are exposed to both Article 21.6 and the FCPA on corruption issues. Thus, it is imperative to understand Article 21.6 to be equipped with anti-corruption compliance programs. This paper examines the FCPA and Article 21.6 through comparative analysis and proposes appropriate measures for Korea to take.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.123-142
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• 1994

This paper is a part of "A Case Study on The Dwellings and Settlement of Korean Immigrants to North-Eastern Province of China". Among various subjects from the study, this paper covers with the spaces and life style in the dwellings of Korean Immigrants. The purpose of this paper is to discribe how their dwelling culture has been moved and changed to a new environment. One rural village of Korean Immigrants named "Ch'ang-ts'ai" in Yen-pien Province was selected where we investigated more than 110 households. From the formal interview, I collect the data on the family structure, family economic state, dwelling spaces and its use, and dwelling facillities and furniture. From informal interview with key informants, I analyze how they have changed their dwelling spaces and life style since they moved here. Based on the analysis of the data, I conclude that major features of their dwelling and life style has been moved from Korean penninsula, specially from 'Hamkyong' Province where their ancestor has lived. This features are summarized as follows: a. Dwelling spaces and its functions are simillar to typical dwelling type of Hamkyong Province. b. They use "Chong-ji" for both a cooking space and a major living space. c. They have a life style of sitting on the floor. d. Bedrooms are differentiated with male and female. e. Most of their dwelling facillities and furniture arc different from those of Chinese in the same province. Since they immigrated, there has been some social changes which could influence on making their dwelling culture. But they have preserved their cultural identity on their dwellings and life style. So I suggest that the dwelling culture of a society would be seldom changed by immigration, as long as they will be given similar conditions such as the independent ethnic community, the same ecosystem, and economical autonomy.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 2013

In solar system, Mars which has the most similar environment with the Earth has been steadily studied for the purpose of habitable environment for the future manned exploration and settlement. During the daytime, Martian ionosphere can be used for the ground-ground communications between lander and rover through the reflection of the radio wave from ionosphere. In addition, researches about Martian ionosphere provide the link of revolution of water and atmosphere. Martian ionospheric observations were performed by the occultation experiments onboard Mariner, Mars, Viking series during early Martian explorations as well as recent Mars Global Surveyor. Low frequency radar and plasma analyzer are on board Mars Express and Viking-1, 2 lander obtained the only vertical plasma density profile during their entry phase. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of scientific payloads observing Martian ionosphere and then analyzed the usability of ionospheric research according to the communication and climate on Mars.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.151-168
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• 2014

UCI (Universal Content Identifier) as a national digital content identification system for identifying digital content and ICN (Integrated Copyright Number) for copyright management are operated by Korea copyright commission. However, They are not interoperable with international standard identification system such as ISRC (International Standard Recording Code), ISWC (International Standard Works Code), and ISAN (International Standard Audiovisual Number) due to lack of linkage system. Hence, extra works with international standard identification system are needed for international market entry and integrated management of statistical information including content settlement in international market is impossible. In this paper, the domestic/international identification systems are surveyed, and by metadata analysis of identification systems, linkage method with UCI/ICN is proposed. And also by developing the prototype model, research direction to UCI/ICN with international standard identification system is proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2007

With changes of information environment on records managements, ERMS can be a suitable solution for managing multi-typed records. In this point, this study performed analysis and design of ERMS based on key functions and requirements to perform creation, preservation, management and use of electronic records. Especially, this study focused on interoperability with the related systems, security issues and back-up methods for secured preservation and management including fundamental requirements. Also, ERMS has a close relation with related systems such as intranet system, electronic document settlement system, and so on. compared to digital library managing information resources. Considering those features mentioned above, this study proposes functional requirements and a system architecture of ERMS which is satisfied with four characteristics of electronic records mentioned on ISO 15489 and environmental requirements.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.67-78
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• 1986

This paper presents how to determine the system reliability of a typical shallow foundation constituted four potential correlated failure modes of hearing capacity (BCM), consolidation settlement (CSM), moment (MFM), and tension shear (PCM). Through the idenfication of the distinct and different modes and evaluation of range of system reliability, the obtained conclusions are as follows; 1. The CSM and the PCM are the lowest and highest of reliability indices of single performance function, and the BCM and the MFM are medium of them. 2. For the correlated failure modes, the hi-modal bounds Is narrower and lower of failure probability than the unimodal bounds. Not to be overestimated, therefore, the system reliability should be based on the second-order bounds using correlated performance functions.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.267-278
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• 2003

Artificial neural networks are efficient computing techniques that are widely used to solve complex problems in many fields. In this study, in order to predict tunnel-induced ground movements, Tunnel Behavior Prediction System (TBPS) was developed by using these artificial neural networks model, based on a Held instrumentation database (i.e. crown settlement, convergence, axial force of rock bolt, compressive and shear stress of shotcrete, stress of concrete lining etc.) obtained from 193 location data of 31 different tunnel sites where works are completed. The study and test of the network were performed by Back Propagation Algorithm which is known as a systematic technique for studying the multi-layer artificial neural network. The tunnel behaviors predicted by TBPS were compared with monitored data in the tunnel sites and numerical analysis results. This study showed that the values obtained from TBPS were within allowable limits. It is concluded that this system can effectively estimate the tunnel ground movements and can also be used f3r tunneling feasibility study, and basic and detailed design and construction of tunnel.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.2 s.86
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• pp.221-227
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• 2005

The presence of voids behind tunnel linings is very likely to result in settlement or structural collapse. One proposed method of detecting such voids by non-destructive method is radar. More than effectively judging the existence of voids behind tunnel linings, this study aims to develop the analysis algorithm of radar capable of estimation of the shape of specific voids. To acquire directional information and estimate the shape of three-dimensional voids, the radar of three-dipole antenna type is used. As a foundation to this ongoing research, an investigation of microwave polarization methods using three-dipole antenna carried out with various void orientations and void geometries. As a result, it is clarified that the response of four microwave polarization modes depends on void geometry and thus there is a possibility of identifying the geometry and orientation (the shape) of specific voids using radar of three-dipole antenna type.