• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.131-157
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• 2014

Special track systems used to divert a train to other directions or other tracks are generally called 'railway turnout'. A traditional turnout system consists of steel rails, switches, crossings, steel plates, fasteners, screw spikes, timber bearers, ballast and formation. The wheel rail contact over the crossing transfer zone has a dip-like shape and can often cause detrimental impact loads on the railway track and its components. The large impact also emits disturbing noises (either impact or ground-borne noise) to railway neighbors. In a brown-field railway track where an existing aged infrastructure requires renewal or maintenance, some physical constraints and construction complexities may dominate the choice of track forms or certain components. With the difficulty to seek for high-quality timbers with dimensional stability, a methodology to replace aged timber bearers in harsh dynamic environments is to adopt an alternative material that could mimic responses and characteristics of timber in both static and dynamic loading conditions. A critical review has suggested an application of an alternative material called fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU). The full-scale capacity design makes use of its comparable engineering characteristics to timber, high-impact attenuation, high damping property, and a longer service life. A field trial to investigate in-situ behaviours of a turnout grillage system using an alternative material, 'fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU)' bearers, has been carried out at a complex turnout junction under heavy mixed traffics at Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia. The turnout junction was renewed using the FFU bearers altogether with new special track components. Influences of the FFU bearers on track geometry (recorded by track inspection vehicle 'AK Car'), track settlement (based on survey data), track dynamics, and acoustic characteristics have been measured. Operational train pass-by measurements have been analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the replacement methodology. Comparative studies show that the use of FFU bearers generates higher rail and sleeper accelerations but the damping capacity of the FFU help suppress vibration transferring onto other track components. The survey data analysis suggests a small vertical settlement and negligible lateral movement of the turnout system. The static and dynamic behaviours of FFU bearers appear to equate that of natural timber but its service life is superior.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.121-145
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• 2008

Northeast Asia is increasingly making a transition to distinctive and crucial region in the 21st Century and growing into one of world's top three economic spheres along with the EU and NAFTA. In 2003, Korean government announced the Northeast Asian economic hub country plan as an important agenda. As a means of coping with the changing global environment, Korean government designated Incheon in 2003 as the country's first Free Economic Zone ahead of Busan and Gwangyang Bay in the south of the country because Incheon has a geographical advantage linking North America and Europe with Incheon International Airport and Incheon Seaport. The purpose of this paper is to make research on establishment and operation of an arbitral body entitled ${\ulcorner}International Arbitration Center{\lrcorner}$ (IAC) within Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ). For the purpose of this, the writer in this paper, reviewed the necessity of the IAC's establishment and its legal basis as well as the role and function of the Center. Also, the writer presented plans for how to operate the IAC and how to cooperate with the key arbitral organizations of foreign countries for the settlement promotion of commercial disputes including trade and investment. With development of the IFEZ, world-renowned enterprises will invest in the Incheon economic bloc and conduct economic activities, business operation, marketing, logistics, financing, etc. In this connection, diverse types of commercial disputes are expected to occur between foreign companies entering the IFEZ and Korean firms. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) has been operating its liaison office in the IFEZ since 2004. However, in view of the increasing arbitration demand, the IAC should be set up in the IFEZ in the near future by the positive support of the government in the respect of both administration and finance because the free economic zone-related law provides for the installation of arbitration organization. For the success of the IAC, the Center will have to provide not only good quality of arbitral services that can satisfy arbitration parties but also need to conduct researches and make efforts so that arbitration can be utilized well in the IFEZ. If the IFEZ can provide advantageous business environments to those multinational enterprises intending to the Incheon economic bloc, the IAC will also contribute to the settlement of commercial disputes arising from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea in view of the geographical advantage and logistic benefit of the IFEZ. Finally, this paper also suggests a new model for a joint dispute resolution system by the initiative of Korean government and Korean arbitral organizations for the settlement of commercial disputes within Northeast Asia, for which the CAMCA(Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas) of NAFTA can be a good example.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to help out the settlement of the Green Map in Korea, and to suggest how to map, and help community people and environmental planner systematically take care of their own towns. This study is also to introduce the green mapping and its usefulness, based on the Green Map Movement, which originated from Net York City and has been expanding through the World. Environmental elements shown on the Green map vary between countries and for the Seocho-Gu Green Map, we have decided to indicate the places that we are proud of, and dishonored of. Especially, this paper is focused on finding the hidden environmental resources in our daily lives. Seocho-Gu, one of 25 self-governmental resources. Since the citizens and government officials are open-minded in their environments, it is a suitable area to start the first Green Map in Korea. As a method of locating the environmental resources, the "Foot Sensing Method" by which residents directly research, is the main difference from typical maps by the "Remote Sensing" which focused on the variety participation of the residents such as questionnaires, investigation with youth volunteers, users interviews which may be more meaningful than the Green Map itself. The purpose of application plan is to preserve the environmental resources through the smooth feedback with the residents. Thus, it must be acted as a opening window linking them with the local circumstances. In line with this, this study proposed the trial-version Web Green Map and Green tour plan. Recently, a need for an environmental map has been reflected in the environmental policies of Seoul Metropolitan City, and it is in place now. If environmental experts of different disciplines use the Green Map for landscape architecture, design, and city planning, it will help them make a better understanding of the needs of the community and to practice the user-centered design. Eventually, the Seocho-Gu Green Map will help its residents, tourists, government, and environmental planners continue establishing the healthy city environments. It is expected that the green map will be employed as a useful method for establishing healthy city and town through right way of use and contents.of use and contents.

• 농촌계획
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

This study attempts to develop an interim evaluation system for the Integrated Rural Village Cluster Development Project(IRVCDP) which can secure its identity and sustainability, and induce its early settlement, and to derive plans for its steady progress. The evaluation system consists of three levels. The highest-order level is evaluation purposes, which describe IRVCDP's goals. They are expansion of income bases(EIB), improvement of living environments(ILE), strengthening of regional capabilities(SRC) and constructing effective project operation system(CEPOS). The second level is evaluation items, which each characterize the relevant evaluation purposes. The last level is evaluation indices, which observe achievement f3r evaluation purposes. 22 evaluation indices are selected to satisfy the purposes of this study through a brainstorming process and a survey on opinions of experts for those evaluation purposes and evaluation items which are derived from analyzing the IRVCDP's properties. The relative importance of the evaluation indices selected are determined through the AHP analysis. The most intriguing result from the AHP analysis is that strengthening of regional capabilities is found to be the most important one among evaluation purposes. It can be said that this result is parallel to a ultimate goal of the IRVCDP.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.809-814
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• 2009

Deep mixing method has been used for ground improvement and foundation system for embankment, port and harbor foundations, retaining wall, and liquefaction mitigations. It has attractive benefits because it is not only improved strength of soft ground but superior for prevention of settlement. However, the quality controls of improved mass affect to the efficiency of the deep mixing method is not properly established. These effects vary depending upon the construction environments and conditions of agitation in consideration of an agitator. The strength and shape of the improved column are not unique and these are affected by mechanical properties of agitators. In this study, in order to investigate the efficiency of deep mixing method for ground improvement on a soft clay ground, experimental studies are performed considering mechanical properties of agitator; the location of exit-hole of admixtures, an angle of mixing wing and a speed of revolution. The experiments are conducted with the simulated apparatus for deep mixing plant that reduced the scale in 1:8 of the real plant. According to the results, the diameter and shape of improved column mass vary depending on the mechanical properties and operating conditions of agitator. Its quality is better when the exit-hole of admixtures is located in the mixing wing, when an angle of mixing wing is large, and when the speed of revolution is rapid.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2000

Reinforcement with geotextiles have been used in the foundation soil to enhance the resistance of embankments to avoid failure through excessive deformation or shear in the foundation. It is improtant to know the amount of the strain and the displacement of buried geotextiles for the verification of the reinforcement behaviour. Full scale trial constructions were performed to check the deformational characteristics of the polyester(PET) mat which was used for the embankment reinforcement. Many instrumentation equipments including surface settlement plates, profile gauges and inclinometer casings were installed to observe the behaviour of the soft ground due to the soil embankment. 60 electrical resistance strain gauges and 9 vibrating wire LVDTs were installed 세 measure the deformation of the polyester mat. Results of various tests and geotextile, waterproofing and protection from the hazard environments were introduced. The proposed instrumentation method was effective for the monitoring or the geotextile behaviour. The direct attachment of electrical resistance strain gauges on the gertextile mat was able to measure small changes of the strain of geotextiles. At the end of the 5 month monitoring, 54 of 60 (93%) strain gauges and 7 of 9 (78%) displacement transducers survived all perils of the compaction impacts and the humidity. And the tensile strain of grotextiles increased as the ground displacement became larger. Though the observed strain of mats under the 3m high embankment load was less than 1%, the magnitudes of the strain according to the mat spreading method were different from each other.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2005

According to the new multi-media appeared as a result of rapid growth of the information and science technique, the school library must be changed to the integration of the teach-study media resource from the existing print media. It means that the school library has to play a role of the study center with a different media from the existing teaching material, teaching instrument, facility and opportunity. The Information education must be conducted in the way of an integrated education course and able to do both information transaction and problem settlement. The education facility to solve this problem is the school library. Therefore, the school library becomes important more and more. It means that the school library is the center of entire study and education material for the teacher and student is focused on it. It is urgent to make the standard of the school library In order to cope with the new education and information environments. And especially it is very important to make a plan about the location and scale of the school library to improve the quality of the children's studying activity. The location of the school library is decided under consideration of the relationship with other room of school house and the proper scale of it is between 2.5units and 7.0units of classroom based on the number of class.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

인터넷 트래픽의 급증으로 네트워크를 제공하는 사업자인 ISP에게는 망투자비용의 회수가 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 망투자 비용의 회수와 관련해서는 인터넷망 중립성 논란과 관련하여 ISP와 CP간 사업자간 첨예하게 대립되고 있다. 따라서 ISP와 CP간 망대가 산정을 인터넷망간 상호접속관점에서 이 문제를 분석할 필요가 있다. 또한 인터넷망 접속과 관련하여 기존 인터넷망 사업자간에도 인터넷망 상호접속제도에 대한 개선마련이 중요해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 예상되는 주요 이슈들을 정리하고 각 이슈에 대해 현재의 현황과 문제점들을 중심으로 향후 개선방안을 제시할 것이다. 이를 위해 인터넷 상호접속 규제관련 국내 법제도 현황과 해외동향을 살펴보고 개선방안 마련에 필요한 시사점을 도출한다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Recently, mobile and smart devices are rapidly spreading. As a result, financial settlement services, which were formerly face-to-face and PC-based, have now been replaced by mobile environments. One of the business areas that utilize FinTech is focused on the easy payment services. The main purpose of this study is to analyze empirically the factors affecting the acceptance of the easy payment services. To achieve this purpose, we surveyed the individuals who have some understanding about the easy payment services. The collected 206 data were used for statistical analysis. The results of the hypotheses test using structural equation model are summarized as follows. First, performance expectancy, social influence, and security perceived by users of the easy payment services have positive influence on positive attitude, but effort expectancy does not. Second, facilitating conditions and positive attitude of easy payment services have positive effects on service adoption. Based on the results of the analysis, it provided meaningful implications for practitioners and researchers in related fields.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.177-191
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• 2011

영광지역에는 대규모 해안사구가 형성되어 있지만 형성작용은 멈춰있다. 현재 인간의 점유로 많은 부분이 해체되어 있지만, 송림으로 덮인 사구가 남아 있다. 겨울 북서풍에 마주하고 있으며, 전면은 일직선인데 배후는 굴곡지어진 헤어핀 모양을 하고 있다. 사구의 지형적 특징을 밝히기 위해 노두의 관찰, 입도분석, 표면분석 등을 실시하였다. 특히 입도분석은 서해안의 다른 사빈과 사구지역도 함께 실시하였다. 사질 단면 노두에서는 사질층의 교란이 있다. 이런 교란의 형태는 cryoturbation과 유사하고 사구의 형성 시기는 300~400년 전으로 추정되어 소빙기와 관련성이 사료된다. 입도분석과 형태 및 분석에서 영광 해안 사구퇴적물의 입자는 주로 세립질의 모래가 중심으로 되어 있다 극히 일부의 조립사도 있지만 대부분의 입자가 고운 세립질이 중심이다. 분급은 그리 좋은 편이 아니다. 대체로 서해안의 사빈과 사구의 퇴적물이 입도가 거의 비슷한 세립질의 모래들로 이루어졌다. 실체현미경을 이용한 사구사의 분석은 석영의 비율이 전체적으로 70~80%에 이르고, 전체적으로 원마도는 sub-angular가 주로 많이 나타난다. 또한 원마도나 V자형 crack에서 풍화환경이 기계적 풍화환경에 놓여 있음을 보여주고 있다. 끝으로 영광의 해안사구는 다른 지역과 달리 인간의 점유가 일찍 시작되고 역사적 기록이 남아 있음과 동시에 현재의 지명들이 사구와 모래와 관련성이 매우 크게 나타나므로 사구의 이용에 따른 촌락의 형성과정이 이루어지고 있는 사회와 문화화된 경관지역으로 가치가 있다.