• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.41.1-41.9
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• 2023

Competencies are defined as an observable and assessable set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Graduation competencies, which are more comprehensive, refer to the required abilities of students to perform on-site work immediately after graduation. As graduation competencies set the goal of education, various countries and institutions have introduced them for new veterinary graduates. The Korean Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges has recently established such competencies to standardize veterinary education and enhance quality levels thereof. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of establishing graduation competencies as well as their implication for veterinary education in Korea. Graduation competencies for veterinary education in Korea comprise 5 domains (animal health care and disease management, one health expertise, communication and collaboration, research and learning, and veterinary professionalism). These are further divided into 11 core competencies, and 33 achievement standards, which were carefully chosen from previous case analyses and nation-wide surveys. Currently, graduation competencies are used as a standard for setting clear educational purposes for both instructors and students. Establishing these competencies further initiated the development of detailed learning outcomes, and of a list of basic veterinary clinical performances and skills, which is useful for assessing knowledge and skills. The establishment of graduation competencies is expected to contribute to the continuous development of Korean veterinary education in many ways. These include curriculum standardization and licensing examination reform, which will eventually improve the competencies of new veterinary graduates.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2023

The objective of this research was to engineer a tile module that could efficiently curtail the incidence of tile defects during the construction phase. To assess the potential diminution in defect manifestation, we executed experiments centered on surface condition, the variation in mass before and after the freeze-thaw test, and adhesive strength. Our findings demonstrated that thermal contraction and expansion induced a relatively escalated frequency of defects in the underwater setting for the aluminum mesh, while the steel mesh saw a higher defect incidence in the air environment. Additionally, it was noted that the adhesive strength exhibited a trend towards augmentation as the mesh size dwindled. Collectively, these results suggest that the employment of smaller mesh sizes can foster improved adhesive strength, consequently diminishing tile defects. Further exploration and development of the tile module, informed by these insights, can substantially enhance the efficacy of the construction process.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.243-262
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• 2023

In the rapidly developing information technology environment, information management organizations need to effectively evaluate their digital maturity and clarify the direction of improvement to effectively respond to rapidly changing environments. This study derived weights for the digital curation maturity model developed by KISTI from the perspective of digital transformation to facilitate effective evaluation and direction setting of information management organizations. Relative importance was derived as a weight in the major and middle categories of the model through the AHP technique. Summarizing the results, when the major categories of the entire model are measured on the basis of 100 points, technology is 27 points, data is 24 points, strategy is 19 points, organization (manpower) is 16 points, and (social) influence is calculated as 14 points. In addition, weights for each subcategory were presented for each major classification based on a perfect score of 100 points. It is expected that a more objective and reasonable evaluation will be possible by applying the weights for each area derived from this study to the digital transformation maturity evaluation model.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.382-392
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• 2023

Objective : The use of indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) to assess blood flow in the brain during cerebrovascular surgery has been increasing. Clinical studies on ICG-VA have predominantly focused on qualitative analysis. However, quantitative analysis numerical modelling for time profiling enables a more accurate evaluation of blood flow kinetics. In this study, we established a multiple exponential modified Gaussian (multi-EMG) model for quantitative ICG-VA to understand accurately the status of cerebral hemodynamics. Methods : We obtained clinical data of cerebral blood flow acquired the quantitative analysis ICG-VA during cerebrovascular surgery. Varied asymmetric peak functions were compared to find the most matching function form with clinical data by using a nonlinear regression algorithm. To verify the result of the nonlinear regression, the mode function was applied to various types of data. Results : The proposed multi-EMG model is well fitted to the clinical data. Because the primary parameters-growth and decay rates, and peak center and heights-of the model are characteristics of model function, they provide accurate reference values for assessing cerebral hemodynamics in various conditions. In addition, the primary parameters can be estimated on the curves with partially missed data. The accuracy of the model estimation was verified by a repeated curve fitting method using manipulation of missing data. Conclusion : The multi-EMG model can possibly serve as a universal model for cerebral hemodynamics in a comparison with other asymmetric peak functions. According to the results, the model can be helpful for clinical research assessment of cerebrovascular hemodynamics in a clinical setting.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.42.1-42.9
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to examine the physical properties (pH and flow) of 2 novel bioceramic sealers. Materials and Methods: The tested sealers were a calcium hydroxide sealer (Sealapex) and 2 bioceramic sealers (BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer). Flow measurements were conducted according to ISO 6876/2012, with a press method of 0.05 mL of sealer. The pH of fresh samples was tested immediately after manipulation, while set samples were stored for 3 times the recommended setting time. The predetermined time intervals ranged from 3 minutes to 24 hours for fresh samples and from 10 minutes to 7 days and 4 weeks for the set samples. Analysis of variance was performed, with p = 0.05 considered indicating significance. Results: The mean flow values were 26.99 mm for BioRoot, 28.19 for Sealapex, and 30.8 mm for TotalFill BC Sealer, satisfying the ISO standard. In the set samples, BioRoot RCS had higher pH values at 24 hours to 1 week after immersion in distilled water. At 2 weeks, both bioceramic sealers had similar pH values, greater than that of Sealapex. In the fresh samples, the bioceramic sealers had significantly higher initial pH values than Sealapex (p < 0.05). At 24 hours post-immersion, all sealers showed an alkaline pH, with the highest pH observed for TotalFill. Conclusions: The TotalFill BC Sealer demonstrated the highest flow. The bioceramic sealers initially presented higher alkaline activity than the polymeric calcium hydroxide sealer. However, at 3 and 4 weeks post-immersion, all sealers had similar pH values.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.325-333
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• 2023

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy and image quality of root surface area (RSA) measurements obtained with various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols, relative to the gold standard of micro-computed tomography (CT), in an in vitro setting. Materials and Methods: Four dry human skulls were scanned using 8 different protocols, with voxel sizes of 0.15 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. Three-dimensional models of the selected teeth were constructed using CBCT and microCT protocols, and the RSA was automatically measured by the image-processing software. The absolute difference in the percentage of the RSA(%ΔRSA) was calculated and compared across the 8 CBCT protocols using repeatedmeasures analysis of variance. Finally, image quality scores of the RSA measurements were computed and reported in terms of percent distribution. Results: No significant differences were observed in the %ΔRSA across the 8 protocols (P>0.05). The deviation in %ΔRSA ranged from 1.51% to 4.30%, with an increase corresponding to voxel size. As the voxel size increased, the image quality deteriorated. This decline in quality was particularly noticeable at the apical level of the root, where the distribution of poorer scores was most concentrated. Conclusion: Relative to CBCT protocols with voxel sizes of 0.15mm and 0.3mm, the protocols with a voxel size of 0.4 mm demonstrated inferior image quality at the apical levels. In spite of this, no significant discrepancies were observed in RSA measurements across the different CBCT protocols.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.178-184
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to develop a critical pathway of integrative medicine to improve the quality of life of lung cancer patients who received standard western medicine treatments. A total of 10 medical professionals, including western and Korean medicine doctors, and nurses participated in a validation survey and revised clinical pathway. Then we applied the critical pathway to 11 lung cancer patients who admitted at Korean medicine hospital and evaluated quality of life at the beginning and discharge of admission using European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ). More than 80% of the respondents gave a score of 3 (appropriate) or more for all items in the validation survey and we modified the clinical pathway by adding 'bed rest'to the activity item. When applying the revised critical pathway to 11 lung cancer patients, the score of 'Nausea and vomiting', 'Insomnia' in EORTC QLQ-30 and 'chest pain'in EORTC LC-13 showed statistically significant improvements in the before-and-after admission comparision. The application of revised inpatient critical pathway of integrative medicine for lung cancer showed improvement in some symptoms. Development of more critical pathway in various clinical setting and larger scaled application studies of critical pathway are needed.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.684-694
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose was to review the diagnostic performance of the length of tumor capsular contact (LCC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting prostate cancer extraprostatic extension (EPE). Materials and Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to March 24, 2019. We included diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated LCC on MRI for EPE detection using radical prostatectomy specimen histopathology as the reference standard. Quality of studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled and graphically presented using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) plots. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. Results: Thirteen articles with 2136 patients were included. Study quality was generally good. Summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.83) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.60-0.74), respectively. Area under the HSROC was 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.84). Substantial heterogeneity was present among the included studies according to Cochran's Q-test (p < 0.01) and Higgins I² (62% and 86% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively). In terms of heterogeneity, measurement method (curvilinear vs. linear), prevalence of Gleason score ≥ 7, MRI readers' experience, and endorectal coils were significant factors (p ≤ 0.01), whereas method to determine the LCC threshold, cutoff value, magnet strength, and publication year were not (p = 0.14-0.93). Diagnostic test accuracy estimates were comparable across all assessed MRI sequences. Conclusion: Greater LCC on MRI is associated with a higher probability of prostate cancer EPE. Due to heterogeneity among the studies, further investigation is needed to establish the optimal cutoff value for each clinical setting.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1290-1300
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• 2022

Objective: "Diagnostic yield," also referred to as the detection rate, is a parameter positioned between diagnostic accuracy and diagnosis-related patient outcomes in research studies that assess diagnostic tests. Unfamiliarity with the term may lead to incorrect usage and delivery of information. Herein, we evaluate the level of proper use of the term "diagnostic yield" and its related parameters in articles published in Radiology and Korean Journal of Radiology (KJR). Materials and Methods: Potentially relevant articles published since 2012 in these journals were identified using MEDLINE and PubMed Central databases. The initial search yielded 239 articles. We evaluated whether the correct definition and study setting of "diagnostic yield" or "detection rate" were used and whether the articles also reported companion parameters for false-positive results. We calculated the proportion of articles that correctly used these parameters and evaluated whether the proportion increased with time (2012-2016 vs. 2017-2022). Results: Among 39 eligible articles (19 from Radiology and 20 from KJR), 17 (43.6%; 11 from Radiology and 6 from KJR) correctly defined "diagnostic yield" or "detection rate." The remaining 22 articles used "diagnostic yield" or "detection rate" with incorrect meanings such as "diagnostic performance" or "sensitivity." The proportion of correctly used diagnostic terms was higher in the studies published in Radiology than in those published in KJR (57.9% vs. 30.0%). The proportion improved with time in Radiology (33.3% vs. 80.0%), whereas no improvement was observed in KJR over time (33.3% vs. 27.3%). The proportion of studies reporting companion parameters was similar between journals (72.7% vs. 66.7%), and no considerable improvement was observed over time. Conclusion: Overall, a minority of articles accurately used "diagnostic yield" or "detection rate." Incorrect usage of the terms was more frequent without improvement over time in KJR than in Radiology. Therefore, improvements are required in the use and reporting of these parameters.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.707-724
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• 2024

This paper proposes a study of cement replacement with rice husk ash (RHA) and eggshell ash (ESA) for enhanced mechanical properties of geopolymer (GP) concrete with and without admixture. The main objective is to investigate the mechanical properties of GP with various replacement levels of Pozzolana Portland cement by RHA and ESA. The GP resistance to durability is examined and impact of ash materials on concrete's durability performance is determined. The environmental benefits of using agricultural waste materials in GP manufacturing minimize cement usage and CO2 emissions. The goal is to assess value of RHA-ESA of building material, paving stones for structures to lessen environmental impact. The novelty lies in use of ESA and RHA as partial replacements for cement and investigation of admixtures to enhance concrete properties, and reduce environmental impact. The research contributes by introducing a novel approach to reducing cement consumption by using ESA and RHA to address environmental concerns. It also explores the potential benefits of admixtures improving concrete performance and reducing environmental pollution. A study is carried with and without impacts of admixture to find compressive strength of GP cubes. The cement has been replaced by RHA and ESA in the range of (2.5%+7.5%, 5%+5%, 7.5%+2.5) by weight of cement for M20 mix. The compressive strength (CS) and split tensile strength (STS) at 7days, 14 days and 28 days is obtained as 21 N/mm2 at 7.5%RHA+2.5%ESA and 2.3 at 7.5%RHA+2.5%ESA, 24 N/mm2 at 7.5%RHA+2.5%ESA and 2.3 at 7.5%RHA+2.5%ESA, 28 N/mm2 at 7.5%RHA+2.5%ESA and 2.8 at 7.5%ESA respectively with normal curing condition.