• Title/Summary/Keyword: Services Trade

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A Study on Efficient Utilization of the Idle & Marginal Farm Land for Farm Household Income Increase - With Respect to Conservation of Farm Land and Sustainable Environment - (농가소득(農家所得) 증대(增大)를 위한 한계농지(限界農地)의 효율적(效率的) 이용방안(利用方案) - 농지(農地) 및 환경보존(環境保存)을 중심으로-)

  • Lim, Jae Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.110-126
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    • 1995
  • Korean economy has been developed successfully in the course of implementing the five year economic development plans since 1962. The gap of incomes and quality of life between rural and urban area has been widened and it made rural farm laborers drain to urban areas. Therefore the prevailing situation of labor shortage and wage hike in rural area has made farm management deteriorate in recent years. Under the internal and international unfavorable economic conditions, marginal farm land of 66.5 thousand ha has been idled as of end of 1993. The total area outside agricultural development zone with bad farming conditions including irrigation and drainage, and land consolidation for mechanization were estimated at 360.4thousand ha equivalent to 17.5% of the total farm land area in Korea. Considering the topographical conditions of marginal lands, the effective use of marginal lands should be studied from the view point of public interest rather than from the view point of individual economic conditions. Considering the present agricultural economic settings, such as price decrease, unfavourable benefits of farm products, labour shrotage, free trade of farm products and poor physical condition of marginal lands, the institutional and realistical measures for the effective utilization of idle and marginal land should be studied as soon as possible. Detail land use pattern should be surveyed in the areas outside agricultural development zone and have to be classified as orchard farms, grass land, fish culture farms, lawn and ornamental tree farm, sight seeing and leisure farms for urban peoples, special crops production farms and common farms to be developed for farm mechanization. According to the surveyed results, the expected utilization patterns of the idle and marginal lands could be considerd as village common use, farm land base development, leisure farm development, mutual complementary utilization between urban and rural areas, G't purchase and management, credit supply and new extension services, improvement of cropping patterns and sight seeing and leisure farm patterns. For the successful and reasonable management of the marginal lands, the actions such as institutional improvement, prohibition of idle marginal land, enforcement of activities of farm management committee members and land banking system of RDC including development and utilization systems should be included.

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An Analytical Study on Differences between the Types of Disputes in Food Service Franchises and the Relevant Corporate Information (외식 프랜차이징 분쟁 유형과 기업정보 간의 차이분석 연구)

  • Kang, Seok-Woo;Rha, Young-Ah
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.264-279
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    • 2013
  • This study aimed to analyze the differences between the types of disputes in food service franchises and the relevant corporate information. For this aim, the types of disputes were analyzed on the basis of the cases reported by the Korea Fair Trade Commission, and whether there are any differences from the relevant corporate information was analyzed using SPSS WIN(V.17.0). According to analysis results, the most often seen types of disputes were failure to provide the information disclosure sheet (58.5%) and failure to deposit franchising fee (15.1%). In Kruskal-Wallis test between the type of disputes and related corporate information variables, significant difference was found under significance level p<.05 for sales volume, the establishment period and the number of franchisees, and under p<.1 for the number of full-time employees. In correlation coefficient, the establishment period, the number of full-time employees and the number of franchisees showed positive correlation(p<.05), and the number of full-time employees showed correlation in the number of franchisees and the number of brands under the significance level p<.05. As a solution for the dispute, there should be franchisors' responsibility to comply with the principle of good faith, the authorities' strengthening exemplary transaction criteria and legal systems, as well as experts' consulting for prospective franchisees prior to establishing business.

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Emergy Analysis Overview of Korea (한국의 자연환경과 경제에 대한 EMERGY분석)

  • ;Howard T. Odum
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 1994
  • An emergy analysis of the main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems was made including environmental energies, fuels, and imports, all expressed as solar emjoules. The total emergy use (4, 373 E20 sej/yr) is 90 per cent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The emergy flows from the environment are modest, because the share of global inputs such as ruin and geological uplift flux is modest. Consequently, the ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. The emergy use per person in Korea indicates a moderate emergy standard of living, even though the indigenous resource is very poor. If the present economy were running entirely on stored reserves of fuels, soils, woods, etc., it would last about 2 years. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 3.3 million people, compared to 43.3 million in 1991. Continued availability of foreign oil at a favorable balance of emergy trade, currently about 7 to 1 net emergy, is the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net emergy of foreign oil purchased goes down. Close economic integration with Middle East may determine how long this is possible in the future.

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An Empirical Study on Evaluating the Value of Port (항만가치의 평가에 관한 연구)

  • 김태균;문성혁;노홍승
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.75-87
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    • 2001
  • Inter-port competition is fiercer than in the past because of technological evolution in transport systems : the increasing side of containerships implies only a few calls in three or four ports at each end of the trade and the rest of the traffic being served by smaller feederships. It is therefore essential for big ports to be selected as one of these calls by the main shipowners, consortia and alliances to avoid rmarginalisation. In order to compete effectively, many ports have been obliged to modernise and extend considerably its existing ports or to build new port facilities. With the advent of major environmental legislation around the world, however, amenities such as fish and wildlife, clean air and water, access to the waterfront, and view protection took on greater importance. Ports are now being forced to incorporate environmental considerations into their planning and management functions in order to avoid additional costs or timing delays. The aim of this paper is to analyse the port value by which port comparison(or selection) will be made with HFP(Hierarchical Fuzzy Process) method. This was done by extracting and grouping the evaluation factors of port value by port experts : facility and location factor, logistics service factor environment and amenity factor, city and economic factor, and human and system factor. For empirical test of this method, 6 major ports in Northeast Asia were chosen and analysed. The order of importance for five evaluation factors were 1) facility and location factor 2) logistics service factor 3) human and system factor, 4) city and economic factor, and 5) environment and amenity factor. This means that geographical location and logistics services are still being considered as the most important factor to call the port by port users. even though environment and amenity factor shows relatively low figure. Among 6 major ports, Port of Kobe was ranked the first position in a comprehensive evaluation, while Ports of Busan and Kwangyang were 4th and 5th respectively. This implies that Port of Busan should make much efforts to enhance the existing facilities as well as management system.

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Affecting Customer Loyalty by Improving Corporate Image and Customer Value through Corporate Social Responsibility Activities (기업의 사회적 책임활동을 통한 기업이미지 및 고객가치 향상이 고객충성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jong-Ho;Hwang, Hee-Joong;Song, In-Am
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.12 no.8
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    • pp.31-42
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - Recently, a variety of activities for practicing the continuing management of domestic and foreign companies have been conducted and further, corporate social responsibility for maximizing the value of stakeholders such as customers, cooperative companies, and the local community emerges as a key business strategy. Accordingly, the issue of whether corporate image and customer value through corporate social responsibility activities positively affect customer loyalty and customer attitude is investigated in this study. Research design, data, and methodology - Corporate social responsibility activities are classified into legal and moral activities, environmental protection activities, economic activities, and community service activities; further, customer values are classified into emotional value, functional value, and social value, to determine the parameters. In addition, the strategic approach direction of social responsibility activities is justified as a strategy for effectively achieving the expected results that corporations seek by proving the effect of these parameters on customer loyalty. Results - The study results can be summarized as follows. First, legal and moral activities, environmental protection activities, economic activities, and community service activities are four types of CSR activities affecting meaningful improvements in corporate image. Second, legal and moral activities affect factors that meaningfully improve customer value, including factors such as emotional value, functional value, and social value, while environmental protection activities affect improvements in the factor of social value only. Third, corporate image affects meaningful improvements in customer value. Fourth, corporate image affects improvements in customer loyalty positively. Fifth, the three factors of customer value, that is, emotional value, functional value, and social value affect meaningful improvements in customer loyalty. Sixth, customer value acts to partly mediate the effect of companies' CSR activities on customer loyalty. As shown in the study results above, it was verified that CSR activities affect meaningful improvements in corporate image and customer value and, in turn, corporate image and customer value affect meaningful improvements in customer loyalty. In addition, it was verified that customer value acts to partly mediate the effects of companies' CSR activities on customer value. Conclusions - Accordingly, the results of this study suggests as follows. First, it was clearly verified that customers' recognition of CSR efforts has a positive effect on corporate image, customer value, and loyalty because CSR activities improve the relationships between customers and corporations by providing customers with value. Second, it was suggested that corporations implement social contribution activities strategically according to the theory that the higher the rate of CSR activities, the better the corporate image and repurchase intention would be, which is a theory verified through practical analysis. Corporations should do this by constructing positive relationships from the value perceived by customers. To summarize the study results in a brief manner, it is suggested by the results of the study that a corporation should conduct CSR more actively to make customers recognize the positive image of their products and services.

Assessment of Perspective Development of Transport and Logistics Systems at Macro and Micro Level under the Conditions of Industry 4.0 Integration

  • Maiboroda, Olha;Bezuhla, Liudmyla S.;Gukaliuk, Andrii F.;Shymanska, Viktoriia;Momont, Tetiana;Ilchenko, Tetiana V.
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.235-244
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    • 2021
  • The change of the development of transport and logistics systems occurs with the active change of technology and the advent of the era of Industry 4.0. It requires modernization of approaches to the development of transport and logistics systems at the macro and micro levels. The present study aims to identify perspective directions of development and evolution, find out the existing obstacles in the integration of technological solutions of transport and logistics systems at the macro and micro levels. This study is based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology for assessing the level of integration of technologies into transport and logistics systems to study the prospects for their development at the micro level. Macroeconomic indicators of transport and logistics in the context of different regions of the world were used to quantify the development prospects. For a qualitative assessment of the development of the transport and logistics system, the case study method was used. The object of the study was selected logistics company Sensco Logistics Inc., Austin TX. At the macro level, countries with more innovative logistics sectors have stronger mechanisms for coordinating private sector activities. Simplification of administrative procedures of control and regulation by the public sector in order to facilitate trade between countries is a promising direction for the development of transport and logistics systems. Such reforms are more effective in developing a "rigid" transport infrastructure. The integration of Industry 4.0 technology solutions into the international logistics sector is defined by political and legal barriers, especially in developing countries. In low-income countries, hard and soft infrastructure reforms are hindering the development of logistics companies that provide transport services. This determines the national level of development of transport and logistics systems, and in general the global level of development of transport and logistics. In developed countries, the legal barriers to the development of new technological logistics are environmental requirements for the integration of technologies into the transport system. These trends are slowing down the development of International Logistics, which, compared to other industries, is slower to integrate Industry 4.0 technologies. This study combines macroeconomic factors that determine the prospects for the development of transport and logistics systems at the micro level.

A Study on the Influence of Augment Reality(AR) Types on Brand Attachment (증강현실 광고유형이 브랜드애착에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Eum, Seong-Won
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.241-254
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    • 2019
  • This study is a study on the consumer reaction to the augmented reality advertisement which is a recent issue. this study was conducted based on the necessity of marketing advertisement technique suitable for the 4th industrial revolution era. First, we present the types of augmented reality ads based on previous studies, and examined the effects of enjoyment and formation of brand attitudes on brand attachment on products or services based on the perceived value of consumers for these types of ads. This study is briefly summarized as follows. Hypothesis (H1) empirical value had a positive effect on pleasure, and hypothesis H2) empirical value also had a positive effect on brand attitude. Hypothesis (H3) symbolic value had a positive effect on pleasure and hypothesis (H4) symbolic value had positive influence on brand attitude. Hypothesis (H5) Practical value has a positive effect on pleasure. Hypothesis (H7) Pleasure affects positively (+) influence on brand attitude. Hypothesis (H8, H9) enjoyment affects affection and brand attitude affects affection positively. Hypothesis (H6) Practical value did not affect brand attitude positively. It can be seen that the augmented reality advertisement communicates with consumers through experience or symbolic side rather than perceive practical value by consumer. The implication of this study is that the augmented reality advertisement is highly interactive with consumers and can induce consumer participation. This means that consumers are more aware of empirical and symbolic values rather than experiencing practical value through augmented reality advertising.

The Analysis of the Relationship between the Review Scale and Posting Information of Company and Purchasing Patterns -Focusing on Amazon and Google Users (기업의 리뷰척도 및 포스팅 정보와 구매패턴과의 관계분석 -아마존 구글 유저를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Dong-Il;Choi, Seung-Il
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.10 no.10
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2019
  • In this study, The purpose of this study is to analyze how the rating scale and review contents attributes of social network-based services and products affect consumer purchasing patterns. information provided by screening the main factors. These analyzes are closely and quickly integrated between individuals and businesses, and enable to analyze the transaction that the impact of changing consumers on consumption and purchasing through the usefulness and a priori estimates of reviews and ratings at this time when networks and smart technologies are involved in a wide range of consumer activities. For this study, hierarchical analysis (AHP) and delphi (Delphi) methods applied to classify the high end variables into usefulness, technicality and value, Each subvariable was grouped into three factors and analyzed for importance through evaluation weights. As a result, we could analyze the importance of durability, usefulness, technological innovation, and cost and quality of value. Therefore, this study is expected to provide supplementary and additional useful information to consumers and companies participating in economic activities in various ways by simultaneously analyzing the review score and the reliability of posting information provided by verifying the main factors.

A Longitudinal Study on Customers' Usable Features and Needs of Activity Trackers as IoT based Devices (사물인터넷 기반 활동량측정기의 고객사용특성 및 욕구에 대한 종단연구)

  • Hong, Suk-Ki;Yoon, Sang-Chul
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2019
  • Since the information of $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution is introduced in WEF (World Economic Forum) in 2016, IoT, AI, Big Data, 5G, Cloud Computing, 3D/4DPrinting, Robotics, Nano Technology, and Bio Engineering have been rapidly developed as business applications as well as technologies themselves. Among the diverse business applications for IoT, wearable devices are recognized as the leading application devices for final customers. This longitudinal study is compared to the results of the 1st study conducted to identify customer needs of activity trackers, and links the identified users' needs with the well-known marketing frame of marketing mix. For this longitudinal study, a survey was applied to university students in June, 2018, and ANOVA were applied for major variables on usable features. Further, potential customer needs were identified and visualized by Word Cloud Technique. According to the analysis results, different from other high tech IT devices, activity trackers have diverse and unique potential needs. The results of this longitudinal study contribute primarily to understand usable features and their changes according to product maturity. It would provide some valuable implications in dynamic manner to activity tracker designers as well as researchers in this arena.

Effect of Bundling Strategy on Tourists' Evaluation of Tour Packages (여행 패키지의 묶음판매 전략에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Seung Lee;Lee, Dong Hee
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.53-74
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    • 2012
  • The bundling of multiple products/services at a set price has become a popular marketing strategy. However, little is known on how effects of bundling strategy influence tourists' evaluation of tour packages. Tourists evaluate a tour package based on the trade-off between the perceived benefits and costs involved in purchasing the tour package. In other words, the perceived value of the tour package influenced whether tourists to purchase a tour package or not. This study tested a tour package based on the theory of bundling, taking a moderating approach with perceived value. The data for this study wascollected by subjects who live Seoul Metropolitan Area and Gyeonggi Province and 4234 respondents, potential tourists to northeastern U.S.A/Canada. Results show that bundling taken by travel agencies include how many product items to put in a tour package and what degree of discount for the tour package. Also explaining functional relationship among product items in the tour package. Result show that tourists expect a discount, large or small, from purchasing a tour package. And the larger the number of products in a tour packages, the larger the discount size, and low functional relationship among items tourists expect to get.