• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of two-implant splinting (2-IS) and single-implant restoration (1-IR) in the first and second molar regions over a mean functional loading period (FLP) of 40 months, and to propose the appropriate clinical considerations for the splinting technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The following clinical factors were examined in the 1-IR and 2-IS groups based on the total hospital records of the patients: sex, mean age, implant location, FLP, bone grafting, clinical crown-implant ratio, crown height space, and horizontal distance. The mechanical complications [i.e., screw loosening (SL), screw fracture, crown fracture, and repeated SL] and biological complications [i.e., peri-implant mucositis (PM) and peri-implantitis (PI)] were also evaluated for each patient. In analysis of two groups, the chi-square test and Student's t-test were used to identify the relationship between clinical factors and complication rates. The optimal cutoff value for the FLP based on complications was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics analysis. RESULTS. In total, 234 patients with 408 implants that had been placed during 2005 - 2014 were investigated. The incident rates of SL (P<.001), PM (P=.002), and PI (P=.046) differed significantly between the 1-IR and 2-IS groups. The FLP was the only meaningful clinical factor for mechanical and biological complication rates in 2-IS. CONCLUSION. The mechanical complication rates were lower for 2-IS than for 1-IR, while the biological complication rates were higher for 2-IS. FLP of 39.80 and 46.57 months were the reference follow-up periods for preventing biological and mechanical complications, respectively.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권5호
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• pp.653-658
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• 2004

대용량 정보 전달 능력을 가지는 광 네트웍에서의 장애 발생은 수많은 사람들의 서비스 중단과 경제적 손실을 유발시킨다. 기존 연구에서 이러한 손실을 막기 위해 장애 발생시 보호 복구(Protection/Restoration)를 하기 위한 알고리즘은 많으나 다중 오류(Multiple Failure) 발생시의 보호 복구 알고리즘은 거의 존재하지 않는다. 오일러 투어(Eulerian Tour)를 사용하면 단일 장애(Single Failure)에 대해 보호 복구를 할 수 있다고 알려져 있다 본 논문에서는 복수개의 오일러 투어를 사용해 다중 오류에 대해 보호 복구를 할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘에 의하면 일반적인 경우 두 개의 장애 발생시 매우 효과적인 복구를 수행하고, 종합적인 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과에 의하면 90% 이상의 복구율을 보인다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2013

This study is to offer the raw data for conservation and restoration of national park by surveying and analysing the vascular plants in the Gayasan national park. The flora were summarized as 102 families, 328 genera, 469 species, 4 subspecies, 59 varieties and 9 forms. The endangered plants designated by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa; Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurus. and Gymnadenia conopsea for. albiflora Y.N.Lee. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 13 taxa; Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel., Ligusticum tachiroei (Franch. & Sav.) M. Hiroe & Constance, Primula modesta var. fauriae (Franch.) Takeda, Lilium distichum Nakai ex Kamibay and so forth. The korean endemic plants were 15 taxa; Betula ermanii Cham., Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim., Galium koreanum (Nakai) Nakai, Heloniopsis koreana Fuse, N.S. Lee & M.N. Tamura and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 66 taxa; Betula chinensis Maxim., Spiraea fritschiana Schneid., Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitam., Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom., Adoxa moschatellina L. and so forth. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 22 taxa; Salix hallaisanensis H.L$\acute{e}$v., Sanguisorba argutidens Nakai, Viola albida Palib., Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey and so forth. The naturalized plants were 30 taxa; Chenopodium album L., Lepidium apetalum Willd., Trifolium pratense L., Bidens frondosa L., Helianthus tuberosus L. and so forth.

• 한국제4기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국제4기학회 2002년도 한몽 제1차 합동세미나 발표요지
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• pp.94-95
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• 2002

South Korea is divided into five ecoprovinces and sixteen ecoregions. The criteria for ecoprovince classification are ecosystem connectivity and cultural homogeneity. Ecoregions are classified by cluster analysis. The variables used in the analysis are latitude, longitude, seasonal mean temperature, and seasonal precipitation. The large forest fires occurred in the specific ecoregions including Kangwon coastal ecoregion, WoolYoung coastal ecoregion, Hyungsan Taehwa coastal ecoregion, Upper Nagdong river basin ecoregion and Southeastern inland ecoregion. The largest forest fire in the korean history occurred in Kangwon coastal ecoregion in the year 2000. The fire devastated the forestland over 25,000ha. Korea Forest Service, Ministry of Environment, Province Kangwon and NGO organized an investigation committee for the restoration of the burnt area. The committee suggested restoration principles and also forged a restoration strategy of the Kangwon burnt area.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.11-11
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• 2020

Background : The genus Cypripediums are typically adapted to the low temperature and cold climates of the high land in Korea. The species which were reported in Korean peninsula are C.japonicum, C.macranthos, C.calceolus and C.guttatum. We had already reported the successful germination of the C.macranthos and C.guttatum. The small spotted lady's slipper orchid(C.guttatum) is most endangered plants to extinction of which population was reported less than 100 in Korea. The objective of the present research is restoration of the C.guttatum in ex situ and adaptation in high land and nursery. Methods and Results : The 350 seedlings of C.guttatum were transplanted in soil at alpine area(altitude 750m) and the nursery of Korea National Arboretum(KNA) in YangPyeong city on May 2019 and 2020 in order to verify the possibility of ex situ restoration. The sprouted ratio of the seedlings were less than 10% in the alpine area and 83% in the nursery of KNA. The reasons of the diverse survival ratio are presumed as the low moisture content in the soil and heavy shade of the alpine area. The 15 cypripedium species and 29 hybrids were also effectively adapted in the KNA rare plant garden. Conclusion : These results demonstrated the difficulties of the restoration for small spotted lady's slipper orchid in the natural habitation. From the above results, we may conclude that the critical factors of the genus Cypripedium are intensive care for the fragile seedlings during the 1^st year acclimatization.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.650-656
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• 2014

본 연구는 2008년 2월부터 2013년 12월까지 월악산국립공원에 도입 방사된 암컷 산양 4개체의 행동 특성을 연구하기 위하여 연간 행동권, 계절별 행동권, 고도별 이용 특징을 연구하였다. 도입 방사된 암컷 산양의 연간 행동권은 MCP 95% $1.13{\pm}0.32km^2$, FK 95% $0.37{\pm}0.18km^2$, FK 50% $0.07{\pm}0.03km^2$로 분석 되었고(t=0.607, p>0.05), 계절별 행동권 및 고도 이용특성은 MCP 95%에서 여름($0.77{\pm}0.06km^2$), 가을($0.73{\pm}0.26km^2$)로 행동권이 크며, 봄($0.58{\pm}0.38km^2$), 겨울($0.47{\pm}0.25km^2$)에 행동권이 감소하여 여름과 겨울 행동권의 차이를 보였고(F=3.868, P<0.05), 계절별 고도 이용 특성은 봄 435m(28.4%), 여름 464m(26.7%), 가을 414m(28.8%), 겨울 393m(21.2%)로 여름에 높은 고도로 이동하며 겨울철 고도가 낮은 지역을 이용하는 것으로 분석 되었다(F=0.783, P>0.05). 본 연구에서 도입 방사된 암컷 산양 개체만 연구되어 전체적인 행동특성이라고 단정 할 수 없지만, 행동권, 계절별 행동권, 고도 분석 등으로 서식지 이용특성에서 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석 되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2007

러시아 연해주와 북한으로부터 도입하여 지리산국립공원에 방사한 $1{\sim}2$년생 반달가슴곰(Ursus thibetanus ussuricus)의 동면장소 특성을 파악하기 위해 2004년 10월부터 2006년 4월까지 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 방사한 곰들은 나무굴, 바위굴, 곰탱이 등 3가지 유형의 동면장소에서 동면을 취하였다. 방사한 곰들의 동면장소는 참나무류가 우점하고 있는 지역으로 해발고도 평균 $923{\pm}221m$, 사면경사 평균 $25.9{\pm}7.9^{\circ}$이었으며, 동면기간은 평균 $98{\pm}9$일 이었다. 동면장소는 방사지점으로부터 평균 $2.8{\pm}2.8km$, 인근마을로부터 평균 $2.0{\pm}0.9km$, 인접 탐방로로부터 평균 $1.9{\pm}1.7km$, 자동차도로로부터 평균 $1.9{\pm}1.0km$ 거리에 위치하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 동면장소의 환경특성은 방사지점의 환경요인과 밀접한 상관관계를 가지고 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Ecosystem Service Matrix method in Songnisan and Hannamgeumbukjeongmaek Boeun-gun area. The assessment was carried out with 25 land cover types by 7 ecosystem values. The research area was divided by 30m x 30m cell unit and the each cell value was classified into 5 grades. The total number of cell under the investigation was 433,910 units in Songnisan and 84,975 in Boeun-gun. Class I and II area were widely spread and Class V area is narrowly distributed inside of Class III area in Songnisan. I area, II area and separately managed zone belong to Ecological Zoning map and Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(Environment + Ecology) were assessed Class I in Ecosystem service matrix. In conclusion, Ecosystem Service Matrix assessment based on land cover map is a rapid assessment methodology which reflecting ecosystem functions in a larger area. If it is supported with more ecosystem functions, the more precise nature value can be calculated.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community before and after a restoration project in a eutrophic stream. Species diversity and species richness increased at the points where the channel changed from standing water to running water. However, species diversity and richness decreased at the points where only riparian restoration was implemented, and the concentration of suspended solids increased, while biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus decreased and the concentration of dissolved oxygen increased. In such reaches, functional feeding groups went from collector-filterers to collector-gatherers, and habitat orientation groups changed from clingers to burrowers.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.94-105
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• 2003

광 버스트 스위칭 망에서는 헤더정보와 버스트 정보를 분리하여 offset 시간 후에 버스트를 전송하는 One-Way reservation 특성을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 링크 장애와 같은 망 장애가 발생하였을 경우 offset 시간의 영향으로 선행된 헤더 정보에 대한 버스트의 추가적인 손실이 발생하여 심각한 서비스 품질 저하를 초래할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 망 장애 발생 시 광 버스트 스위칭의 가장 큰 특징인 offset 시간이 버스트 손실에 미치는 영향과 기존 장애 복구 기법을 사용하였을 경우 offset 시간에 따른 버스트 손실을 수학적 관점에서 분석하였다. 또한 offset 시간 영향으로 링크 장애 발생 시 선행된 제어 패킷으로 인해 후 행하는 버스트 손실을 최소화할 수 있는 QoS를 고려한 offset 시간 기반의 새로운 장애 복구 기법을 제안하였다.