• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 엔틀러 구조를 가진 인천공항 터미널 지역에서 항공정보통신 무선 채널의 패스 로스 모델에 관해 연구하였다. 항공정보통신 주파수 밴드인 VHF/UHF 채널 중에 두 개의 주파수에 대해 전파 측정을 수행하였다. 현재 운영 중인 송신 사이트에서 변조 신호를 제거한 캐리워 파워를 송신하였으며, 전파 측정을 위해 수신기를 장착한 이동 차량을 이용하여 여객터미널 지역에서 전파 측정을 수행하였다. 송신 파워, 주파수, 안테나 위치 등은 현재 운용 조건과 같다. 패스 로스 계수 및 실험적인 패스 로스식은 기본적인 패스 로스 모델 및 하타 모델등을 이용하여 추출하였다. 엔트러 구조를 가진 터미널 지역에서 추출된 NLOS 패스 로스 계수는 128.2MHz 및 269.1MHz에서 각각 3.32 및 3.10이었고 예측 에러의 편차는 각각 9.69 및 9.65 이었다. 추출된 패스 로스 계수를 이용하여 여객터미널 지역에서 전파 패스 로스 식을 실험적인 패스 로스 계수을 도출하였으며 또한 다른 전파 패스 모델과 비교하였다. 이러한 결과는 항공정보통신 사이트 최적 위치 선정 및 항공정보통신 서비스 평가에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제45권
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• pp.191-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to make research on the trend of the worldwide medical device market, the trend of the medical device market in the major foreign countries, the present status of the medical device industry in Korea and Gangwon area, the present status of export competitive power and the SWOT analysis of competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area, and the strengthening methods of export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area. As the research method, the questionaire for the strengthening of export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area was carried out from August 13 to Otober 22, 2009. The worldwide medical device market in 2008 is estimated at USD 210.2 billion, with the United States being the largest market, followed closely by Japan and Western Europe. In 2006, the worldwide export amount of medical devices recorded USD 121.1 billion and the worldwide import amount of medical devices recorded USD 126.3 billion. As of the end of 2008, the number of Korea's medical device manufacturers expanded to 1,726. The production amount of Korea's medical device industry in 2008 recorded 2,525 billion won, and the domestic market volume of medical devices in 2008 recorded 3,618 billion won. Korea's export amount of medical devices in 2008 recorded USD 1,132 million and recorded a 9.67% growth compared to the previous year, and the import amount of medical devices recorded USD 2,123 million and recorded a 1.43% reduction compared to the previous year. As of the end of 2008, the number of Gangwon area's medical device manufacturers expanded to 81. The production amount of Gangwon area's medical industry in 2008 recorded 380 billion won, and Gangwon area's export amount of medical devices recorded USD 269 million and recorded a 0.25% reduction compared to the previous year, and the import amount of medical devices recorded USD 3 million and recorded a 39.63% reduction compared to the previous year. According to the result analysis of the questionaire for the strengthening of export competitive power of medical device industry in Gangwon area(August 13~October 22, 2009), the competing country of the export medical device is the United States being the highest ranking. Comparing to the collective competitive power level 100 of the competing country, the collective competitive level of the export medical device is 60 below and 70-80 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the quality level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the quality level of the export medical device is 80-90 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the design level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the design level of the export medical device is 90-100 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the technology level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the technology level of the export medical device is 80-90 below being the highest ranking. According to the SWOT analysis of competitive power of medical device industry in Gangwon area, the strength is the abundant expert manpower of the medical device in Wonju area. The weakness is the fragility of the brand recognition of the medical device industry. The opportunity is the demand increase of the new medical device owing to the advanced age of population. The threat is the difficulty of entry into overseas market owing to the request of the new specification certification of the medical device. In order to strengthen the export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area, the following measures should be taken by the government, local self-government body, related organization and medical device industry : the development of new technology and design, the enhancement of brand recognition. the acquisition of the foreign specification certification, the building of overseas distribution channel and after sales service channel, the positive participation in overseas medical device exhibition and opening of medical device exhibition, the training of expert manpower, the strengthening of overseas marketing, and the application of FTA and the establishment of counter measures against FTA. In conclusion, the medical device industry in Gangwon area has the difficulty in the entry into the overseas market owing to the shortage of overseas marketing capability. Therefore, the government and local self-government body should make the intensive and systematical support for overseas marketing of the medical device industry. For the support of overseas marketing, the government and local self-government body should provide positively the support of expenses for the acquisition of foreign specification certification, the support of participation in the overseas medical device exhibition, the despatch of market development mission, the increase of the support amount for R&D investment fund, and the training of expert manpower of medical devices.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.288-298
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• 2001

This article makes an attempt to evaluate the extent of developing community health nursing knowledge and to suggest the direction of developing a body of knowledge henceforth through the results of analysis for contents and outcomes of all literatures. which have been published in the Journal related to community health nursing. Refer to the following for the result of this article. 1. The total number of literatures analyzed amounted to 100 pieces in Journal of community health nursing society. 78 in Journal of industrial nursing society, 134 in Journal of school health society. 40 in Journal of home care nursing society. 2. Journal of community health nursing society Health needs and educational-behavioral diagnoses, which are more concrete nursing assessments and diagnoses. formed the main current(54%) of articles published in Journal of community health nursing society since 1992. There was a quantitative growth as well as a qualitative advance. Through a classification by the type of a body of knowledge. It was found that the knowledge providing nursing practice with bases, commanded an overwhelming majority(71.8%). Also, Researches on systemic supports for nursing practice are showing a tendency to increase. 3. Journal of industrial nursing society 52.6% of research papers presented in Journal of industrial nursing society dealt with health problem of workers. assessment of risk factors, diagnosis of health behaviors. Because of the beginning of an industrial nursing, the domain of nursing management to establish the role and task, work condition, training. documentary system made up 23 percent of research, subjects. A knowledge providing nursing practice with bases have a majority, 69.2%. In addition. the subject concerning a systemic support and quality assurance was scarce but continuously presented. 4. Journal of school health society The major point of this journal is the identification of health problems and risk factors which belong to assessment and diagnosis domain(56.8%) regardless of year, Because of the interdisciplinary characteristic. The knowledge on quality assurance of nursing practice is relatively rare. But, articles related to a systemic support is plentiful. 5. Journal of home care nursing society In its infancy, there was a large number of papers concerning need assessment and diagnosis, Comparing others, this journal has introduced a good many of articles related to program management. delivery system. service fee, etc that belong to domain of systemic support for nursing practice. 6. It is showing definitely that quantity and extent of research have grown for a short period. See the analysis in terms of nursing process, studies related to the domain of assessment and diagnosis command an absolute majority regardless of kinds of journal. Although articles referring to program management and implementation is increasing in number, it is scarce to evaluate a nursing program and grope for an improvement. Also, program development based on a theoretical framework is little. Therefore much more scientific effort to ensure profession should be executed. 7. In the methodological aspect, longitudinal study needs to be carried out so that we could show the evidence based nursing theory. To develop a more general theory, we have to conduct a study of various subjects and improve a validity of tools through a repeat test. In addition, the effort for interdisciplinary cooperation is needed.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived burden of the terminally III patients's caregiver and to analyze relationship between the perceived burden and the various demographics, illness characteristics, family relationships, and economic factor of the family & patients. The sample of 132 caregivers who care for the terminally III patients Kyung-Gi province, Seoul, Korea. The period of this study was from August to September, 2002. The perceived burden of the family caregiver was measured by the burden scale(20 items, 4 point scale) developed by Montgomery et al. (1985). The Data was analyzed using SAS-program by t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1. The mean of the family caregiver's burden score was 3.02. The score showed that caregivers perceive severe the level of burden. The hight items of the family caregiver's burden were' I feel it is painful to watch patient's diseases'(3.77). 'I feel afraid for what the future holds for my patients'(3.66), 'I feel it reduced to amount of privacy time'(3.64). 2. The caregiver's burden was significantly related to patient's gender(F=3.17, p= 0.0020), patient's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476), caregiver's age(F=4.29, p=0.0030), and caregiver's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476). 3. The caregiver's burden according to illness characteristics showed no significant difference. 4. The caregiver's burden was significantly associated with patient's family relationship (F=4.05, p=0.0041), patient's care mean period in a day(F=47.18,

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

본 연구는 골프장의 경기력과 운영관리 향상을 위한 평가지표들을 개발하고자 수행되었으며, 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 이론연구 및 전문가 예비설문을 통해 가정된 골프장 조성 및 운영관리 15개 중간평가지표, 55개 하위평가지표 체계가 성립되지 않고 최종적으로 환경친화성, 회원서비스 수준, 진행원의 인적서비스 수준, 코스의 난이도, 코스관리수준, 운영관리 공정성, 접근성 및 입지성, 클럽의 전통성 및 클럽의 분위기, 코스의 우수성, 코스레이아웃 등 10개의 중가 평가지표 및 52개 하위평가지표로 재구성되었다. 골프장 이용자 선호도 평가지표의 중요도 결정요인을 분석한 결과, 코스의 관리수준, 포스의 우수성, 진행원의 인적서비스 수준, 코스레이아웃, 환경친화성 순으로 기여도가 높게 나타났다. 골프장 평가지표의 경로계수를 파악한 결과, 코스레이아웃 부문에서는 홀의 굴곡과 코스길이의 순으로 인과효과의 크기가 나타났다. 코스의 우수성에는 토너멘트 진행시설, 다양한 샷 밸류(shot value)의 순으로, 운영관리 공정성에는 대기의 편리성, 예약의 공정한 배정 등의 순으로 인과관계가 높게 나타났다. 클럽의 전통성 부분은 골프코스의 역사 및 환경적 특성, 지역의 역사문화가, 접근성 및 입지성과 관련해서는 지리적 조건이, 환경친화성에서는 농약 및 비료유출량, 수질오염 등이, 회원서비스 수준에서는 회원혜택과 직원의 친절한 응대 등이 상대적으로 인과효과의 크기가 높은 지표로 나타났다. 경기진행원의 인적서비스 수준 분야에서는 경기진행원의 친절한 응대, 경기진행원의 전문지식 정도가, 코스의 난이도 부분은 티잉 에어리어(Terming area)의 위치, 오비(Out of Bounds: OB) 및 해저드(Hazard) 말뚝 위치의 순으로 코스의 관리수준에는 러프상태 및 장애물 관리상태 등이 상대적으로 인과효과가 높았던 지표들로 나타났다. 향후 보다 세부적인 평가지표들을 도출하는 후속연구를 통해 골프장 이용자 선호도 평가지표 체계 모델을 완성하고, 국내외 골프장을 대상으로 평가지표들을 현장 적용하고 검증해 보는 과정이 뒷받침될 필요가 있다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.44-59
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• 1994

의료소비자인 환자들은 바쁜 일상생활 때문에 야간외래진료를 원하고 있다. 이것은 환자의 편의 측면 및 서비스 개선 차원에서 병원에서는 긍정적인 검토를 해야 하나 현재의 수가 체계와 환자의 수요 및 추가 인건비를 포함한 비용면을 고려할 때 실행에는 어려운 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 저자는 환자의 요구와 병원의 경제적인 면을 모두 해결할 수 있는 교대제 근무에 의한 외래진료 제도를 개발해서 그 효과와 야간외래진료의 대안으로서의 가능성을 분석하기 위하여 본 연구를 하였다. 본 연구는 기초조사, 개입 및 효과분석으로 구성되다. 기초조사는 야간외래진료의 수요에 대한 기초조사, 병상, 의사, 직원 수에 대한 조사, 진료및 근무시간 조사, 94년 1월 시간별 환자수를 조사하고 개입(intervention)은 진료시간 변경, 시간대별 환자수를 고려한 각 부서별 근무시간 조정, 최소한 인원 증원이며 효과 분석은 시간대별 환자수, 각 부서별 시차제 근무 효과, 외래와 입원 환자수를 개입 연구 전후로 비교하고 7-8시, 18-20시의 환자수 분석, 교대제 근무에 의한 외래진료에 대해서 의사, 직원, 환자들의 의견을 설문 조사하였다. 교대제에 의한 외래진료의 진료시간은 오전반은 오전 7시에 출근하여 오후 3시까지 근무하고 오후반은 12시부터 20시까지 점심, 저녁 시간 없이 진료를 하는 제도이다. 실시 과는 내과, 일반외과, 정형외과, 산부인과이고 증원된 인원은 24명이고 진료지원 부서는 환자의 내원시간과 부서별 특성을 고려하여 탄력적으로 조정하였다. 이 제도 실시후 환자의 시간대별 분포는 비슷했으나 7-8시 18-20시의 환자 수가 약간 증가했다. 특히 야간 외래진료 시간대인 18-20시의 환자 수는 25-30명으로 1개과당 6-7명이었다. 환자수는 전년 대비 외래는 평균 13%, 입원은 10% 증가했다. 이 제도 실시에 대한 설문조사에서 의사는 100% 직원은 94.6% 환자는 86.4% 찬성했고 장점은 여유시간 활용, 진료시간 연장, 환자의 분산및 대기시간 단축, 응급환자 신속 처리 등이었으며 단점은 인력 부족으로 일이 힘들다, 전과 불실시로 인한 문제, 진료의 연속성, 점심 저녁 시간이 없다, 회진 시간이 불규칙하다 라고 하였다. 현재까지는 야간에 외래진료를 이용하는 환자가 많지 않기 때문에 초과근무수당 및 인력 투입하는 야간외래진료 보다는 교대제 근무에 의한 외래진료가 효율적인 것 같다. 이 제도의 실시는 환자의 실 외래 진료 이용 시간을 5시간 30분 증가시켰다. 이 제도의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 전과 실시가 필요하나 병원의 경제적인 여건 미비로 힘들다. 만약 정부에서 정책적으로 전과 실시때문에 발생한 손실에 대한 한시적인 보조가 있다면 이 제도의 조기 정착에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.273-275
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• 2017

It has been forty years since the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Korea. Following the 1977 legislature mandating medical insurance for employees and dependents in firms with more than 500 employees, South Korea expanded its health insurance to urban residents in 1989. Resultantly, total expenses of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) have greatly increased from 4.5 billion won in 1977 to 50.89 trillion won in 2016. With multiple insurers merging into the NHI system in 2000, a single-payer healthcare system emerged, along with separation policy of prescribing and dispensing. Following such reform, an emerging financial crisis required injections from the National Health Promotion Fund. Forty years following the introduction of the NHI system, both praise and criticism have been drawn. In just 12 years, the NHI achieved the fastest health population coverage in the world. Current medical expenditure is not high relative to the rest of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The quality of acute care in Korea is one of the best in the world. There is no sign of delayed diagnosis and/or treatment for most diseases. However, the NHI has been under-insured, requiring high-levels of out-of-pocket money from patients and often causing catastrophic medical expenses. Furthermore, the current environmental circumstances of the NHI are threatening its sustainability. Low birth rate decline, as well as slow economic growth, will make sustainment of the current healthcare system difficult in the near future. An aging population will increase the amount of medical expenditure required, especially with the baby-boomer generation of those born between 1955 and 1965. Meanwhile, there is always the problem of unification for the Korean Peninsula, and what role the health insurance system will have to play when it occurs. In the presidential election, health insurance is a main issue; however, there is greater focus on expansion and expenditure than revenue. Many aspects of Korea's NHI system (1977) were modeled after the German (1883) and Japanese (1922) systems. Such systems were created during an era where infections disease control was most urgent and thus, in the current non-communicable disease (NCD) era, must be redesigned. The Korean system, which is already forty years old, must be redesigned completely. Although health insurance benefit expansion is necessary, financial measures, as well as moral hazard control measures, must also be considered. Ultimately, there are three aspects that we must consider when attempting redesign of the system. First, the health security system must be reformed. NHI and Medical Aid must be amalgamated into one system for increased effectiveness and efficiency of the system. Within the single insurer system of the NHI must be an internal market for maximum efficiency. The NHIS must be separated into regions so that regional organizers have greater responsibility over their actions. Although insurance must continue to be imposed nationally, risk-adjustment must be distributed regionally and assessed by different regional systems. Second, as a solution for the decreasing flow of insurance revenue, low premium level must be increased to an appropriate level. Likewise, the national reserve fund (No. 36, National Health Insurance Act) must be enlarged for re-unification preparation. Third, there must be revolutionary reform of benefit package. The current system built a focus on communicable diseases which is inappropriate in this NCD era. Medical benefits must not be one-time events but provide chronic disease management. Chronic care models, accountable care organization, patient-centered medical homes, and other systems that introduce various benefit packages for beneficiaries must be implemented. The reimbursement system of medical costs should be introduced to various systems for different types of care, as is the case with part C (Medicare Advantage Program) of America's Medicare system that substitutes part A and part B. Pay for performance must be expanded so that there is not only improvement in quality of care but also medical costs. Moreover, beneficiaries of the NHI system must be aware of the amount of their expenditure through a deductible payment system so that spending can be profiled and monitored. The Moon Jae-in Government has announced its plans to expand the NHI system; however, it is important that a discussion forum is created so that more accurate analysis of the NHI, its environments, and current status of health care system, can take place for reforming NHI.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1898-1902
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 초고압 추출공정을 이용하여 전통적인 기존 추출공정과 비교함으로써 초고압 추출공정에 의한 등급 외 더덕 및 발효더덕의 항산화 활성의 증진을 확인하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 총 페놀화합물 함량은 초고압 발효더덕 추출물이 35.11 mg/100 g으로 초고압 더덕 추출물 14.78 mg/100 g, 일반더덕 추출물 14.56 mg/100 g에 비해 총 페놀화합물 함량이 약 2배 이상 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 또한, 플라보노이드 함량은 페놀화합물과 유사한 경향으로 초고압 발효더덕 추출물이 280.86 mg/100 g으로 초고압 더덕 추출물의 198.35 mg/100 g과 일반더덕 추출물 193.05 mg/100 g에 비해 약 1.4배 정도 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 항산화도는 초고압 발효더덕 추출물의 경우 0.6 mg/mL에서 약 70%의 항산화도를 나타내었으며, 이 값은 초고압 더덕 추출물 60.35%와 일반더덕 추출물 30.92%보다 높은 항산화도를 나타내었다. 초고압 발효더덕 추출물의 환원력은 최종농도 1.0 mg/mL에서 일반더덕의 경우 0.733, 초고압 더덕 추출물의 경우 0.881, 초고압 발효더덕 추출물의 경우 0.926 으로서 초고압 발효더덕 추출물의 환원력이 다른 추출물보다 약 0.193까지 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 초고압 추출공정이 등급 외 더덕 및 발효더덕의 기능성을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 초고압 추출공정의 최적화를 통한 활성물질의 추출 극대화를 통해 높은 경제적 가치를 부여해 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Despite the enforcement of SSM control laws such as 'the Law of Developing the Distribution Industry (LDDI)' and 'the Law of Promoting Mutual Cooperation between Large and Small/medium Enterprises (LPMC)' stipulating the business adjustment system, the number of super-supermarkets (SSMs) has ever been expanding in Korea. In France, however, Super Centers are being regulated most strongly and directly in the whole Europe viewing that there is not a single SSM in Paris, which is emphasized to be the outcome from French government's regulation exerted on the opening of large scale retail stores. In France, the authority to approve store opening is deeply centralized and the store opening regulation is a socio-economic regulation driven by economic laws whereas EU strongly regulates the distribution industry. To control the French distribution industry, such seven laws and regulations as Commission départementale d'urbanisme commercial guidelines (CDLIC) (1969), the Royer Law (1973), the Doubin Law (1990), the Sapin Law (1993), the Raffarin Law (1996), solidarite et renouvellement urbains (SRU) (2000), and Loi de modernisation de l'économie (LME) (2009) have been promulgated one by one since the amendment of the Fontanet guidelines, through which commercial adjustment laws and regulations have been complemented and reinforced while regulatory measures have been taken. Even in the course of forming such strong regulatory laws, InterMarche, the largest supermarket chain in France, has been in existence as a global enterprise specialized in retail distribution with over 4,000 stores in Europe. InterMarche's business can be divided largely into two segments of food and non-food. As a supermarket chain, InterMarche's food segment has 2,300 stores in Europe and as a hard-discounter store chain in France, Netto has 420 stores. Restaumarch is a chain of traditional family restaurants and the steak house restaurant chain of Poivre Rouge has 4 restaurants currently. In addition, there are others like Ecomarche which is a supermarket chain for small and medium cities. In the non-food segment, the DIY and gardening chain of Bricomarche has a total of 620 stores in Europe. And the car-related chain of Roady has a total of 158 stores in Europe. There is the clothing chain of Veti as well. In view of InterMarche's management strategies, since its distribution strategy is to sell goods at cheap prices, buying goods cheap only is not enough. In other words, in order to sell goods cheap, it is all important to buy goods cheap, manage them cheap, systemize them cheap, and transport them cheap. In quality assurance, InterMarche has guaranteed the purchase safety for consumers by providing its own private brand products. InterMarche has 90 private brands of its own, thus being the retailer with the largest number of distributor brands in France. In view of its IT service strategy, InterMarche is utilizing a high performance IT system so as to obtainas much of the market information as possible and also to find out the best locations for opening stores. In its global expansion strategy of international alliance, InterMarche has established the ALDIS group together with the distribution enterprises of both Spain and Germany in order to expand its food purchase, whereas in the non-food segment, it has established the ARENA group in alliance with 11 international distribution enterprises. Such strategies of InterMarche have been intended to find out the consumer needs for both price and quality of goods and to secure the purchase and supply networks which are closely localized. It is necessary to cope promptly with the constantly changing circumstances through being unified with relevant regions and by providing diversified customer services as well. In view of the InterMarche's positive policy for promoting local partnerships as well as the assistance for enhancing the local economic structure, implications are existing for those retail distributors of our country.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1982

현재(現在) 수입공급(輸入供給)되고있는 농용(農用)트랙터의 고장수리실태(故障修理實態)를 조사분석(調査分析)하여 트랙터의 국산화(國産化) 및 이용합리화(利用合理化)를 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로 활용(活用)을 목적(目的)으로 1980년(年) 1년간(年間) 8개도(個道) 32개군(個那)에서 기장조사(記帳調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 가. 대형(大型)트랙터의 연평균고장빈도(年平均故障頻度)는 5.0회(回)/대(臺)이고, 소형(小型)은 2.3회(回)/대(臺)로 대형(大型)이 소형(小型)보다 2배이상(倍以上) 고장(故障)이 많았으며, 이용시간당빈도(利用時間當頻度)는 대형(大型)트랙터가 1. 11회(回)/100hr, 소형(小型)은 0.65회(回)/100hr이었다. 나. 전체고장중(全體故障中), 75.6%는 본체(本體)에서 발생(發生)되었으며 24.4%는 작업기(作業機)에서 발생(發生)되었고, 특(特)히 소형(小型)트랙터 작업기고장중(作業機故障中) 쟁기와 로타베이터 고장(故障)이 80%이상(以上)을 차지하였다. 다. 대형(大型)트랙터의 75%, 소형(小型)의 62%가 연(年) 1회이상(回以上)의 고장(故障)이 있었으며, 10회이상(回以上) 발생(發生)된 경우(境遇)도 9%나 되었다. 라. 월별고장발생분포(月別故障發生分布)는 트랙터이용시간(利用時間)과 비례(比例)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내어 5월(月)에 가장 고장(故障)이 많았다. 마. 운전자(運轉者)의 연령(年齡)이 많거나 학력수준(學歷水準)이 높을 수록 고장빈도(故障頻度)도 높아서 50대(代) 연령(年齡)에 대졸자(大卒者)가 고장(故障)이 가장 많았다. 바. 고장원인(故障原因)은 운전자과실(運轉者過失)이 29.8%, 부품노후(部品老朽)가 30.2%, 품질불량(品質不量)이 20.6%로 나타났다. 사. 연평균수리회수(年平均修理回數)는 5.5회(回)/대(臺)였고 이중 공장수리(工場修理)가 55.6%였으며 자가수리(自家修理)는 44.4%였다. 아. 대당연간수리시간(憂當年間修理時間)은 대형(大型)트랙터가 30.6시간(時間)이었고, 소형(小型)이 19.9시간(時間)이었으며 수리(修理) 1회당소요시간(回當所要時間)은 평균(平均) 3.62시간(時間)으로 나다났다. 자. 대당연간수리비용(臺當年間修理費用)은 대형(大型)이 278천(千)원, 소형(小型)이 70천(千)원 이었고, 이용시간당수리비용(利用時間當修理費用)는 대형(大型)이 621원, 소형(小型)이 198원이었다. 차. 트랙터 본체(本體)의 수리비계수(修理費係數)(Y)는 사용연수(使用年數)(x)'에 대하여 Y=0.752x의 상관(相關)을 가졌으며 총수리비계수(總修理費係數)는 내구년수(耐久年數)가 10년(年)일때 64%가 되었다.