• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.4-8
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• 2021

Background: As nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids have similar effects, steroids can be avoided to reduce adverse effects. This study aimed to compare the differences in symptom improvement after subacromial injection of steroids or NSAIDs. Methods: Sixty patients with rotator cuff syndrome for at least 3 months were enrolled and divided into steroid and NSAID groups. The steroid group received a mixture of 1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) and 1 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, while the NSAID group received a mixture of 1 mL of Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg/mL) and 1 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride 2%. The patients were assessed before and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure. Shoulder scores from visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) were used for evaluation. Results: Both groups showed improvements in the clinical outcomes. Overall VAS, ASES, and UCLA scores improved from 6.9, 32.7, and 16.0 before the procedure to 2.0, 1.2, and 1.1; 81.5, 87.6, and 88.5; and 29.7, 31.8, and 32.0 at weeks 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure, respectively. Twenty-six patients (86.7%) in the steroid group and 28 (93.3%) in the NSAID group reported satisfactory treatment outcomes. There were no significant differences in the outcomes between the two groups (p=0.671). Conclusions: Subacromial injection of NSAIDs for rotator cuff tendinitis with shoulder pain had equivalent outcomes with those of steroid injection at the 12-week follow-up.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of days open on subsequent reproductive performance following to estrus synchronization in the 114 lactating dairy cows. The animals were divided into two groups according to the time of estrus synchronization; viz, ${\leq}$ 85 days, and > 85 days postpartum, respectively. The estrus synchronization protocol consisted of insertion of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device containing 1.9 g progesterone with an injection of 250 ${\mu}g$ gonadorelin (Day 0), an injection of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and removal of the device on Day 7, an injection of 250 ${\mu}g$ GnRH on Day 9, and TAI 17 h later. Pregnancy diagnosis was determined at 30 to 60 days after TAI using both ultrasonography and rectal palpation. The body condition score (BCS) gradually increased over the postpartum period. In estrus synchronized cows until 85 days, conception rate on first service, number of service per conception, interval from estrus synchronization to conception, and interval from calving to conception were not significantly different among two farms (P>0.05). In estrus synchronized cows after 85 days postpartum, conception rate on first service, number of service per conception and interval from calving to conception were significantly different ($P{\leq}0.05$) between herds A and B (26.8 vs 50.0%; $2.1{\pm}1.35$ vs $1.37{\pm}0.54$ times, $237.3{\pm}97.8$ vs $164.7{\pm}69.3$ days, respectively). In estrus synchronized cows after 85 days postpartum interval from estrus synchronization to conception was greater (P<0.01) in herd B than in herd A ($63.6{\pm}57.4$ vs $26.1{\pm}24.9$). These results indicate that the time of estrus synchronization for maximized the reproductive performance is before 85 days postpartum and feeding and management is important factor for high reproductive performance.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-65
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• 2019

Purpose: Outbreaks resulting from medication injections have recently been on the rise in Korea despite various established guidelines. The objective of this study was to assess the degree to which healthcare professionals are aware of safe injection practice guidelines and to account for the adherence to and the deviation from safe injection guidelines formulated by healthcare providers. Methods: In November 2016, a cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire covering general characteristics of injections, patient safety culture, awareness of safe injection practices, and adherence to and barriers to safe injection guidelines was issued to healthcare providers who administer medication injections or manage and supervise these injections (N=550). Multivariate logistic regression analysis via enter method was performed to define the influencing factors of adherence of safe injection practices. Results: On average, respondents adhere to 17 of the 24 guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression found that those who were more likely to adhere to safe injection guidelines either underwent a patient safety training experience within the last year, provided care in a setting characterized by a highly developed patient safety culture, or were employed as physicians or nurses, as opposed to some other type of care provider. Barriers to safe injection guidelines were attributable to; thoughts of waste to discard leftover medicine, provisions that made adherence cumbersome, a weak culture of compliance, and insufficient amounts of injectable medicine, products, and education. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that controllable factors like training experience of healthcare providers and patient safety culture were positively associated with adherence to safe injection practices. It was suggested that the training of healthcare providers on safe injection practices be a continuous process to promote patient safety. Additionally, there should be an increased focus on developing and implementing policies to improve patient safety culture from a prevention rather than post-management perspective.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2021

The abnormal meat could caused by abscess, fibrosis and granuloma in the region of the neck by adverse effect of vaccination or antibiotic injection under swine practice. In this study, the incidence of abnormal meat due to antibiotics injection was investigated using marbofloxacin from different manufacturers. To evaluate the incidence of abnormal meat via antibiotic treatment, a total of 440 pigs with the age of 140~150 days old were selected. Two hundred of pigs were assigned as a control group and 2 mL of saline was inoculated daily for three days. Two hundred forty of pigs were used as treatment group and further divided into 6 groups, consisting of 16% of original marbofloxacin treated, 10% of original marbofloxacin treated and 4 different kinds of generic marbofloxacin treated groups respectively. When test animals were slaughtered, incidence, type and size of induced abnormal meat were recorded. In the result of this study, statistical analysis found significantly lower incidence of abnormal meat formation was in 16% original marbofloxacin treated groups compared to the other tested groups (P<0.05). In the summary, antibiotic treatment could produce abnormal meat formation but the 16% of original marbofloxacin had the most minimal abnormal meat formation effect.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 1994

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease mainly of cattle, sheep, and goats. Anaplasmosis in goat had been reported at last year by authors. The disease brought the economic losses in the goat farm in Chonbuk province. In order to treat the disease, a long-acting formulation terramycin injectable solution was used experimental animals which indigenous goats were sick with moderate anemia. We were devided into two groups was treated with single dosage (20mg /kg of body weight). one group was treated with single injection, the other group was treated with twice of the same dosage intramusculary injection. The results indicate that the use of long-acting terramycin would minimize clinical signs of anaplasmosis infection in goat. After treament the differrences of hematological appearences and parasitaemia were observed in the effect of terramycin treatment. obviously, increased value of RBC. HB and HCT, and parasitaemia by means of Giemsa staining and acrydine orange staining was observed decreased due to treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.5 s.43
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• pp.251-258
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• 2006

A Malicious code is used to SMiShing disguised as finance mobile Vishing, using Phishing, Pharming mail, VoIP service etc. to capture of personal information. A Malicious code deletes in Anti-Virus Spyware removal programs, or to cure use. By the way, the Malicious cord which is parasitic as use a DLL Injection technique, and operate are Isass.exe, winlogon.exe, csrss.exe of the window operating system. Be connected to the process that you shall be certainly performed of an exe back, and a treatment does not work. A user forces voluntarily a process, and rebooting occurs, or a blue screen occurs, and Compulsory end, operating system everyone does. Propose a treatment way like a bird curing a bad voice code to use a DLL Injection technique to occur in these fatal results. Click KILL DLL since insert voluntarily an end function to Thread for a new treatment, and Injection did again the Thread which finish an action of DLL, and an end function has as control Thread, and delete. The cornerstone that the treatment wav that experimented on at these papers and a plan to solve will become a researcher of the revolutionary dimension that faced of a computer virus, and strengthen economic financial company meeting Ubiquitous Security will become.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2018

After the recent fabrication of diesel vehicle exhaust gas by Volkswagen, nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) and particulate matter (PM) are drawing attention as representative pollutants included in exhaust gas. When gasoline and diesel fuels are combusted through direct injection into a combustion chamber at high pressure, PM emission is actually increased. To find a solution to this problem, a basic study was conducted to derive an optimized variable for combustion of compressed natural gas (CNG) by applying CNG, acknowledged as a clean fuel, to direct injection system. The essence of this study is in the introduction of a radical ignition technology for compressed natural gas (RI-CNG) in a sub-chamber type engine. The direct injection system was applied to a sub-chamber to remove residual gas from previous combustion cycle. In addition, optimal mixer distribution was achieved by precisely setting ignition timing based on fuel injection timing and excess air ratio.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2017

Online advertisement has many benefits comparing to offline advertisement but it also has many challenging problems by online ad abuses. Advertisement injection (Ad injection) is one of the threats that surreptitiously inserts advertisements without a permission of site owners. Users are exposed to additional ads and redundant web traffic by injected ads can cause a service quality problem. Moreover, advertisers can have economic loss when injected ads are different from original ones. Although ad injection leads to these problems it has not been fully studied yet. A few ad injection researches are done by online advertising providers such as Google. In this paper, we analyze ad injection activities to Korean major portal, Naver. We classify 6 types of ad injections and describe their characteristics by analyzing 27 downloaders and 199 installed programs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.370-377
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• 2017

Background Composite grafts are frequently used for facial reconstruction. However, the unpredictability of the results and difficulties with large defects are disadvantages. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) express several cytokines, and increase the survival of random flaps and fat grafts owing to their angiogenic potential. Methods This study investigated composite graft survival after ADSC injection. Circular chondrocutaneous composite tissues, 2 cm in diameter, from 15 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Thirty ears were randomly divided into 3 groups. In the experimental groups (1 and 2), ADSCs were subcutaneously injected 7 days and immediately before the operation, respectively. Similarly, phosphate-buffered saline was injected in the control group just before surgery in the same manner as in group 2. In all groups, chondrocutaneous composite tissue was elevated, rotated 90 degrees, and repaired in its original position. Skin flow was assessed using laser Doppler 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after surgery. At 1 and 12 days after surgery, the viable area was assessed using digital photography; the rabbits were euthanized, and immunohistochemical staining for CD31 was performed to assess neovascularization. Results The survival of composite grafts increased significantly with the injection of ADSCs (P<0.05). ADSC injection significantly improved neovascularization based on anti-CD31 immunohistochemical analysis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression (P<0.05) in both group 1 and group 2 compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences in graft survival, anti-CD31 neovascularization, or microcirculation were found between groups 1 and 2. Conclusions Treatment with ADSCs improved the composite graft survival, as confirmed by the survival area and histological evaluation. The differences according to the injection timing were not significant.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a commercial vaccine stress-relieving agent (Anti VS-2 injection) to reduce the adverse effects of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination site in 120 pigs on two tested pig farms. The results showed that incidence of pig with abnormal meat, size of abnormal meat and weight of discarded abnormal meat are significantly decreased in Anti VS-2 injection-supplemented FMD vaccinated pig groups (n=60) compared to the non-supplemented FMD vaccinated pig groups (n=60) (P<0.05). And the average economic loss by discard of abnormal meat were estimated 99,382 won or 21,514 won in the non-supplemented FMD vaccinated groups or in the Anti VS-2 injection-supplemented FMD vaccinated groups, respectively, showing that the cost saving effect was 78% (77,869 won). In conclusion, it is expected to reduce the incidence and severity of abnormal meat in the FMD vaccinated pigs and to contribute not only to the reduced economic loss of pig farmers but also to the promotion of food hygiene when the Anti VS-2 injection is mixed with FMD vaccine.