• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.501-510
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• 2004

While the Internet keeps its permeation into every aspect of human life, two things stand out. One is the requirement for high quality of services to support multimedia data service.'The other is the desire for ubiquitous network connection. Combining the two things makes the Internet possible in supporting multimedia communications for nomadic users on the locomotion. To support QoS communication for mobile users by applying RSVP to Mobile IP, RSVP Tunnel, which specifies building separately a RSVP session between the home agent and the foreign agent, was proposed. However, the RSVP Tunnel method breeds bandwidth overhead and association problems in tunnel because of duplicated RSVP messages use. To resolve these problems, in this paper, we propose the new encapsulation method, the RSVP-in-IP Encapsulation (RIPE) that can support QoS guaranteed service efficicntly in Mobile IP networks. The proposed method supports RSVP mobility to Mobile If tunneling mechanism efficiently without any additional session as the RSVP Tunnel scheme. Moreover it removes the critical problems of bandwidth overhead in a tunnel and association by duplicated messages. We compared the performance of our proposed scheme with RSVP Tunnel scheme in term of mean delay, mean data rate and bandwidth overhead in tunnel.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated medical service model for a fibromyalgia patient and their caregiver, focusing on reducing pain and improving quality of life. Methods: A single-case study design was employed, involving a fibromyalgia patient and their primary caregiver treated at W University Hospital. The integrated medical service program, based on the Ministry of Health and Welfare's model, included medical consultations and complementary therapies such as psychological counseling, art therapy, music therapy, horticultural therapy, yoga, and meditation. The program was conducted weekly for 8 weeks, with each session lasting up to 100 minutes. Data collection involved both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Quantitative data included demographic surveys, psychological tests, health-related quality of life measures, pain indices, and sleep quality indices. Qualitative data were gathered through feedback evaluations and emotional assessments. Results: The patient showed improvements in mobility, self-care, daily activities, and anxiety/depression, with EQ-VAS scores increasing from 20 to 40 and pain perception decreasing from 67.41 to 42.58. The caregiver reported reduced anxiety/depression and an increase in EQ-VAS scores from 95 to 98. Both patient and caregiver exhibited emotional changes, with decreased depression and increased happiness. However, the patient showed an increase in fear and anger. Conclusions: The integrated medical service model positively impacted the emotional and psychological well-being of the fibromyalgia patient and their caregiver. Despite the limitations of a small sample size and a single-case study design, the findings suggest that an integrated approach can be beneficial. Larger-scale studies are needed to confirm and generalize these results.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.85-95
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• 2005

Whereas the traditional multicast schemes based on Mobile IP can support a limited number of very large multicast groups, the Xcast protocol can support a very large number of small multicast groups, In the Xcast, the source node encodes the list of destinations in the Xcast header. Therefore, the maximum packet size in the network limits the number of destinations that a Xcast packet may have. In this paper, an enhanced Xcast protocol is proposed to solve the multicast group size limitation of the existing Xcast protocol in providing multicast service for mobile nodes. Moreover, the SIP (a very flexible control plane protocol) is integrated with the proposed multicast scheme to provide mobility awareness on the application layer. The simulation results verify that the proposed multicast scheme not only increases the packet delivery ratio and the data packet forwarding efficiency but also achieves low latency of packets in the network.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.9B
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• pp.774-782
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• 2003

Generally, in the Mobile IP technologies, the use of RSVP(Resource ReSerVation Protocol) is recommended in order to provide a mobile node real-time service. However, the handoff of a mobile node increases the registration delay, RSVP reservation delay and signalling overhead in the Mobile IP and RSVP interworking. Specially, the resource reservation on the path between a mobile node and a correspondent node is the duplicated reservation and then causes unnecessary creation of the signalling overhead and waste of the resource, since the majority of the path before handoff and after handoff is same. If the radius of a cell providing a wireless interface to a mobile node is small, the number of handoff will increase and also signalling overhead and duplicated resource reservation will increase. In this paper, we proposed the integration model of Cellular IP and RSVP with RSVP proxy scheme. Here, Cellular IP protocol minimizes registration delay, transfer delay, and loss by handoff in micro cell network, the RS VP proxy that minimizes the duplication of resource reservation prevents the path for RSVP session from change using the address for reservation of a mobile node. Proposed scheme was evaluated in comparison with the existing Mobile IP and RSVP interworking scheme using the probability of resource reservation fail to the radius of a cell and the handoff rate.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2007

Mobile Virtual Private Network (MVPN) provides VPN services without geographical restriction to mobile workers using mobile devices. Coexistence of Mobile IP (MIP) protocol for mobility and IPsec-based VPN technology are necessary in order to provide continuous VPN service to mobile users. However, Problems like registration failure or frequent IPsec tunnel re-negotiation occur when IPsec-based VPN Gateway (GW) and MIP are used together. In order to solve these problems, IETF proposes a mechanism which uses external home agent (x-HA) located external to the corporate VPN GW. In addition, based on the IETF proposal, a mechanism that assigns x-HA dynamically in the networks where MN is currently located was also proposed with the purpose to reduce handover latency as well as end-to-end delay. However, this mechanism has problems such as exposure of a session key for dynamic Mobility Security Association (MSA) or a long latency in case of the handover between different networks. In this paper, we propose a new MVPN protocol in order to minimize handover latency, enhance the security in key exchange, and to reduce data losses cause by handover. Through a course of simulation, the performance of proposed protocol is compared with the existing mechanism.