• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.495-498
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• 2006

IT 서비스의 안정적인 공급과 IT 서비스의 품질 개선을 이루고자 하는 SLA(Service Level Agreement)에 대해 많은 연구와 시도가 지금까지 진행되어 왔다. SLA 시행에 있어서 측정 지표와 그 평가 기준 선정은 매우 중요하나, 대부분 SLA 측정 지표들은 기술관점의 항목들로 구성되어 있기 때문에, SLA 시행 결과가 사용자 중심이 아닌 서비스 제공자 중심으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 사용자의 불만족을 초래하고 서비스 제공자와의 의사 소통을 어렵게 만들고, 결국 SLA 도입 실패로 이어지는 원인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 SLA 측정 지표들에서, 사용자 중심의 SLA 측정 지표로 활용할 수 있는 항목들을 BSC 의 인과관계모델을 통해 추출하고, AHP 기법을 통해 SLA 평가 기준들과 측정 지표들에 대한 가중치를 도출하였다. 이를 통하여 사용자 관점의 SLA 지표 선정 방법에 대한 명확한 기준을 제시하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2014년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.121-123
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• 2014

클라우드 브로커는 대규모의 데이터센터를 거느린 클라우드 서비스 제공자와 그로부터 제공되는 자원을 이용하여 원하는 작업을 실행하는 클라우드 이용자 사이를 중개하여 제공자 측에는 보다 많은 이용자들이 서비스를 이용하는 데 용이하도록 하여 수익을 증대시키고, 이용자 측에는 정해진 예산 내에서 서비스 협정(Service Level Agreement, SLA)를 보장하여 원하는 작업을 실행하도록 하는 역할을 수행하여 스스로의 이익을 창출한다. 본 논문에서는 클라우드 브로커의 이러한 서비스 차익거래를 위해 필요한 VM 풀의 운영에 있어 효과적인 VM 예약 기법을 제안한다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.407-436
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to verify the economic effects of the on going Korea-EU FTA negotiations upon the regional economy and to present some strategic economic countermeasures to deal with the forthcoming changes on the economic environments. In comparing with the industrial structure between Korea and EU, due to the different specific part of their industrial competitiveness both parts would have complementary cooperative transactions and trade as well. And also Korea and EU would have the similar understanding of the importance of the field of agriculture and service in accordance with the economic standpoint respectively. The level of degree and magnitude of the effect of Korea-EU FTA upon the regional economy would be decided in accordance with the industrial structure and the level of income of the regional economy. We are not to confirm and specify the economic influences of Korea-EU FTA negotiations on the economic conditions of Gangwon province but to prepare rational economic countermeasures fit to its structural character. One of the political strategies that might be feasible is the inflow of foreign direct investment from the developed European countries to the regional economy. This developing model would mean a new experiment to activate any regional economy and a new formation of the policy of economic growth.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2019

In this study, the excessive noise and vibration phenomena of a high-speed Ro/Ro passenger ship were analyzed, and a countermeasure was taken based on them. This ship was granted a comfort class notation by the classification society, which was COMFORT-VIBRATION-II and COMFORT-NOISE-CREW-II. However, unfortunately, excessive noise and vibration in the aft part of the ship were delivered from the twin shaft propellers, and therefore the Class Requirement was not satisfied before delivery. In order to obtain the class notation, all of the concerned parties came to an agreement to reduce the noise and vibration level during operation after delivery because a seasonal ferry service was already scheduled and the cabin was fully booked. The root cause of the massive amount of noise and vibration was mainly the propeller-induced excitation pulse and beating that occurred from the mismatch of the rotating speeds of the two shaft lines. A 1st order vibrating force and beating phenomena existed in the propeller. Thus, a reduction of the excitation force, elimination of the beating phenomena, and decrease of the noise level at the aft area cabins and public spaces were required. In addition, structural reinforcements were conducted using pillars and additional girders at the aft part of the decks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2021

Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) enable their users to access Cloud computing and storage services from anywhere in quick and flexible manners through the Internet. With the basis of 'pay-as-you-go' model, it makes the interactions between CSPs and the users play a vital role in shaping the Cloud computing market. A pool of virtualized and dynamically scalable Cloud services that delivered on demand to the users is associated with guaranteed performance and cost-provisioning. It needed a costing scheme for determining suitable charges in order to secure lease pricing of the Cloud services. However, it is hard to meet the satisfied prices for both CSPs and users due to their conflicting needs. Furthermore, there is lack of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that allowing the users to take part into price negotiating process. The users may lose their interest to use Cloud services while reducing CSPs profit. Therefore, this paper proposes a generic costing scheme for Cloud services using General Equilibrium Theory (GET). GET helps to formulate the price function for various services' factors to match with various demands from the users. It is initially determined by identifying the market circumstances that a general equilibrium will be hold and reached. Specifically, there are two procedures of agreement made in response to (i) established equilibrium supply and demand, and (ii) service price formed and constructed in a price range. The SLAs in our costing scheme is integrated to satisfy both CSPs and users' needs while minimizing their conflicts. The price ranging strategy is deliberated to provide prices' options to the users with respect their budget limit. Meanwhile, the CSPs can adaptively charge based on users' preferences without losing their profit. The costing scheme is testable and analyzed in multi-tenant computing environments. The results from our simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed costing scheme provides better users' satisfaction while fostering fairness pricing in the Cloud market.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.171-183
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare universal goniometry (UG), which is commonly used in clinical practice to measure the range of motion (ROM) of finger joints with a wearable soft sensor glove, and to analyze the reliability to determine its usefulness. Methods: Ten healthy adults (6 males, 4 females) participated in this study. The metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), interphalangeal joint (IP), and proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) of both hands were measured using UG and Mollisen HAND soft sensor gloves during active flexion, according to the American Society for Hand Therapists' measurement criteria. Measurements were taken in triplicate and averaged. The mean and standard deviation of the two methods were calculated, and the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of the measurements were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot to examine the reliability and discrepancies between the measurements. Results: The results of the mean values of the flexion angles for the active range of motion (AROM) of the finger joints showed large angular differences in the finger joints, except for the MCP of the thumb. In the inter-rater reliability analysis according to the measurement method, the ICC (2, 1) value showed a low level close to 0, and the mean difference by the Bland-Altman plot showed a value greater than 0, showing a pattern of discrepancy. The 95% LOA had a wide range of differences. Conclusion: This study is a preliminary study investigating the usefulness of the soft sensor glove, and the reliability analysis showed a low level of reliability and inconsistency. However, if future studies can overcome the limitations of this study and the technical problems of the soft sensor glove in the development stage, it is suggested that the measurement instrument can show more accurate measurement and higher reliability when measuring ROM with UG.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2010

공급사슬과 같은 제조협업을 성공적으로 관리하기 위해서는 효과적인 협업 성과 측정 방법이 필요하다. 기존에 개발된 성과지표들은 주로 기업 내부 업무 또는 아웃소싱의 성과를 측정하기 위하여 개발되었기 때문에, 공동으로 참여하는 제조협업의 성과를 측정하는데 적합하지 않다. 또한, 비용과 같은 일부 성과지표들은 참여기업 간에 이해가 상충되기 때문에 합의 가능한 협업 성과지표의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 공급사슬 표준인 SCOR 모형에 기반하여 제조협업에서 양자가 합의할 수 있는 협력적 성과지표(cKPI : collaborative Key Performance Indicators)를 도출하는 방법을 제안하고, 이를 바탕으로 제조협업에 대한 종합적인 성과 만족도를 측정하는 방법을 제시한다. 특히, 기업간에 체결되는 서비스 수준 계약(SLA : Service Level Agreements)의 특성을 반영하기 위하여, Sigmoid 함수를 이용한 성과 만족도 함수를 도입하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 협력적 성과 측정 및 관리 방법은 점차 확대되고 있는 협업 프로세스에서 상호 합의할 수 있는 정량적 지표를 개발하고 성과를 측정하는 데 활용함으로써 지속적인 제조협업 개선에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

This study was attempted to grasp the push-pull factors of urban to rural migrants in relation to services and infrastructure of rural welfare and culture. Online and offline survey were conducted for urban residents who were willing to return to the rural area and those who were already returning to the rural area. In the fields of health care, social welfare, and education, it was found that the satisfaction level of urban-to-rural migrants was relatively higher than those of latent urban-to-rural migrants. In the field of culture, leisure and sports, the level of satisfaction and concern were similar, so it was found that the expectations for the field were relatively high before returning rural area. As for the agreement degree to expand support, the demand for emergency medical facilities and dementia care program was the highest, and the demand for health care was found to be relatively high. The results of the survey on the top priority items indicate that latent urban-to-rural migrants require support of facility and space item and expansion of program item, and urban-to-rural migrants have high demand for expansion of program item in all field except healthcare field. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information for establishing the direction of the rural area development project in connection with the revitalization of policy of people return to rural area.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.312-334
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• 2023

In large-scale computing, cloud computing plays an important role by sharing globally-distributed resources. The evolution of cloud has taken place in the development of data centers and numerous servers across the globe. But the cloud information centers incur huge operational costs, consume high electricity and emit tons of dioxides. It is possible for the cloud suppliers to leverage their resources and decrease the consumption of energy through various methods such as dynamic consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs), by keeping idle nodes in sleep mode and mistreatment of live migration. But the performance may get affected in case of harsh consolidation of VMs. So, it is a desired trait to have associate degree energy-performance exchange without compromising the quality of service while at the same time reducing the power consumption. This research article details a number of novel algorithms that dynamically consolidate the VMs in cloud information centers. The primary objective of the study is to leverage the computing resources to its best and reduce the energy consumption way behind the Service Level Agreement (SLA)drawbacks relevant to CPU load, RAM capacity and information measure. The proposed VM consolidation Algorithm (PVMCA) is contained of four algorithms: over loaded host detection algorithm, VM selection algorithm, VM placement algorithm, and under loading host detection algorithm. PVMCA is dynamic because it uses dynamic thresholds instead of static thresholds values, which makes it suggestion for real, unpredictable workloads common in cloud data centers. Also, the Algorithms are adaptive because it inevitably adjusts its behavior based on the studies of historical data of host resource utilization for any application with diverse workload patterns. Finally, the proposed algorithm is online because the algorithms are achieved run time and make an action in response to each request. The proposed algorithms' efficiency was validated through different simulations of extensive nature. The output analysis depicts the projected algorithms scaled back the energy consumption up to some considerable level besides ensuring proper SLA. On the basis of the project algorithms, the energy consumption got reduced by 22% while there was an improvement observed in SLA up to 80% compared to other benchmark algorithms.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제35권9_10호
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• pp.452-465
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• 2008

본 논문은 e-Science 그리드 자원 공유를 위한 가볍고 솔기없는 통합 자원 접근제어를 제안한다. 그리드 컴퓨팅에 기반한 e-Science는 고가의 과학 실험 장비를 포함하는 그리드 자원을 원격조정하고 이로부터 얻은 데이타를 고성능 컴퓨터를 통해 처리하는 총체적인 도메인을 구성하여 과학자들의 연구를 돕는다. 그런데, 많은 사용자들이 그리드 자원을 이용할 때, 사용자가 소속된 e-Science 그리드에서 자원이 부족할 경우, 원하는 자원을 이용하기 위해 기다리거나 자원이용을 포기할 수 있다. 이런 경우, 적절한 보상 하에 타 그리드의 유휴 자원을 이용할 수 있으면 자원제공자와 사용자 모두에게 도움이 될 수 있다. 그런데, e-Science 그리드는 개개 그리드 단위로 특정 과학응용을 연구하는 과학자들의 사용편의를 위해, 가상 조직(Virtual Organization-VO)에 특화된 자원 접근정책이 운영되고 있기 때문에, 자원의 공유가 결코 쉬운 문제가 아니다. 본 논문은 e-Science 그리드 사용자가 복수 개 타 그리드의 공유자원을 이용할 때, 전체 그리드 차원의 자원접근정책 통합을 위한 선협정(Service Level Agreement-SLA)이 필요 없어 가볍고, 사용자가 소속 그리드의 자원을 이용하는 것과 같은 과정으로 추가적인 등록이 필요하지 않아 솔기없는 새로운 통합 자원 접근 제어를 제안한다.