• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5357-5381
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• 2018

Cloud computing offers a wide range of on-demand resources over the internet. Utility-based resource allocation in cloud data centers significantly increases the number of cloud users. Heavy usage of cloud data center encounters many problems such as sacrificing system performance, increasing operational cost and high-energy consumption. Therefore, the result of the system damages the environment extremely due to heavy carbon (CO2) emission. However, dynamic allocation of energy-efficient resources in cloud data centers overcomes these problems. In this paper, we have proposed Energy and Service Level Agreement (SLA) Aware Resource Allocation Heuristic Algorithms. These algorithms are essential for reducing power consumption and SLA violation without diminishing the performance and Quality-of-Service (QoS) in cloud data centers. Our proposed model is organized as follows: a) SLA violation detection model is used to prevent Virtual Machines (VMs) from overloaded and underloaded host usage; b) for reducing power consumption of VMs, we have introduced Enhanced minPower and maxUtilization (EMPMU) VM migration policy; and c) efficient utilization of cloud resources and VM placement are achieved using SLA-aware Modified Best Fit Decreasing (MBFD) algorithm. We have validated our test results using CloudSim toolkit 3.0.3. Finally, experimental results have shown better resource utilization, reduced energy consumption and SLA violation in heterogeneous dynamic cloud environment.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.291-313
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• 2001

This study is about service failure and recovery. Prior studies of service failure and recovery encounters have been limited to descriptive research based primarily on retrospectiveti.e., memory-based) self-reports. This study uses a survey method and utilize a 2*2*2 experimental design with service recovery scenarios across two services. Manipulations included two levels of controllability, two levels of procedural justice and interactional justice, and two levels of distributive justice. Accordingly, this research examines how the controllability of service failure affect recovery satisfaction, and how these relations are moderated by the justice of service recovery. Conclusively, bi-dimension(outcome and process) constitutes the service recovery and this result supports the insistence that even dissatisfied customers can be satisfied through the service recovery efforts of the organization that once failed to meet the needs and expectation of customers.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.140-147
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• 2015

Medical education can provide students with an opportunity to encounter marginalized communities and motivate them to become involved with the needs of disadvantaged people. The College of Medicine of The Catholic University of Korea includes a social service program in the medical humanities and social sciences curriculum. The course has lectures on social welfare, human rights, and social service, as well as four days of social service in 'Flower Village,' which is a Catholic social welfare institution. This study analyzes the satisfaction, feedback, and reflection papers of students who completed the social service program and provides an educational model for the medical humanities and social sciences. Students' satisfaction with the program was scored at 4.23 out of 5. A qualitative study of students' reflection papers derived 7 key phrases, among which 'nature and practice of social service,' 'holistic understanding of humans,' 'empathy and communication,' and 'social responsibility' are identified as goals of this program and 'happiness,' 'respect for human life,' and 'compassion' are good indicators of students' compassionate participation. Encounters with marginalized communities within the medical curriculum allows students to serve people with social difficulties and work for the improvement of their living conditions. Students learn to approach social needs with concern and empathy and seek ways to contribute to those communities.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2014

Background: Since December 2010, online computerized prospective drug utilization review (pDUR) has been implemented in Korea. pDUR involves the review of each prescription before the medication is dispensed to the individual patient. The pDUR is performed electronically by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), which is a Korean governmental agency, and then HIRA provides medical institutions and pharmacies with information that can be helpful to them in preventing potential drug problems such as drug/drug interactions or ingredient duplication. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Korean pDUR implementation on the proportion of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) using claims data from HIRA. Methods: A before-after comparison of the prevalence of DDIs between prescription was conducted, using HIRA administrative claims data of medical institution from January 2010 to December 2011. The analysis unit was the prescription issued and pairs before and after. The main outcome measures were the proportion of DDIs within- (control group) or between- physician encounters. To examine the difference, a paired t-test was applied. Results: We found that DDIs proportion between prescription decreased significantly (t=3.04, p=0.0026) after the implementation of pDUR, whereas there is no significant reduction within prescription (t=1.15, p=0.2518). With respect to the prevalence of DDIs between drug groups, the most dramatic reduction was occurred between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and anti-fungal agents. Conclusion: It seems effective that giving a direct feedback to prescribers by a prospective DUR. Further research is needed to assess the impact of DUR to final outcomes such as hospitalization.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.478-489
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• 2018

In this study, a normative script was designed for service design of coffee shop based on user's current and expected script. 1) Activities contained in current and expected script were identified. 2) High frequency activities were selected from current and expected script. Then they were combined and sorted by scene. 3) Importance of the integrated scenes and activities was assessed. 4) According to certain rules, unnecessary activities were deleted, or excluded as optional activities. Then, the remaining activities were classified by scene and listed in order to complete one normative script. Each activity belonging to each scene became a service encounter. Scenes consisted of 'Entering', 'Settling', 'Ordering', 'Waiting for drinks', 'Receiving drinks', 'Spending time drinking beverages', 'Go to the toilet', and 'Get out'. There were 2 activities in 'Entering', 6 activities in 'Settling', 11 activities in 'Ordering', 2 activities in 'Waiting for drinks', 4 activities in 'Receiving drinks', 6 activities in 'Spending time drinking beverages', 3 activities in 'Go to the toilet', and 4 activities in 'Get out'. Specific points were discussed along with these results, and the significance and limitations of the study were added at the end.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

In Korea, food material industry encounters the emerging market which results from the growth of food service industry and food processing industry. Food material suppliers think that the total sales in Korean market may be around 20 trillion won. However, very small numbers of studies about Korean food material industry have been conducted. This paper analyzes the current status of food material industry and the market structure in Korea, and presents several suggestions for the development of Korean food material industry as following: building up the function of fresh-cut in production area, improving market structure, settling down the cold-chain system, enforcing the certification program for food safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1126-1137
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• 2010

Customer misbehavior is a behavior that disrupts generally accepted behavioral norms in consumption situations. This study examined customer misbehavior in retail settings by identifying behavioral patterns and exploring behavioral backgrounds and consequences from a customer viewpoint. Qualitative data were collected from individual in-depth interviews, and 149 interviews were analyzed. Customer misbehavior was categorized into unethical returns, problem behaviors in service encounters, shoplifting/fraud, ill-mannered behaviors, and selfish behaviors. Motivations included monetary gain, adventurism, perceived acceptability of misbehavior, planned unfair complaints, and retaliation. Customers showed a negative image to unkind employees and stores yielding to misbehaviors that were learned and socialized among customers. The study further discusses implications.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.191-210
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• 2004

There are increasing needs for an individual or enterprise to interchange documents electronically through communication network to enhance the efficiency of business, owing to rapid process of transactions. But e-commerce encounters the problems regarding the handling the electronic documents, that is to say, deposit and proof of the electronic documents. This paper deals with Authorized Electronic Data Depot as an integrated system for processing, relaying and proving documents that. Authorized Electronic Data Depot operates as e-enabler in exchanging documents in trust among administrative agencies and a comprehensive government directory, digital government seal certification system and DNS system. Authorized Electronic Data Depot leads public and private sectors to save the paper-related costs. But the regulations concerning an authorized electronic data depot is introduced in the course of revision of Electronic Transactions Act. The purpose of this paper is to suggest some guidelines in legalizing the authorized electronic data depot.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-219
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• 2009

Institutional care is often necessary for the health and well-being of the elderly. Good quality foodservice provided at long-term care facilities not only includes patients satisfaction but also cares for good health, contributing to the stability of foodservice management. The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and satisfaction attributes of foodservice management by hospitalized elderly patients. The data were collected via questionnaire by a one-to-one interview with 194 hospitalized elderly patients in six different hospitals. According to the results of dependent t-tests, overall mean scores for the importance attributes (3.96) and satisfactory attributes (3.83) were significantly different (p<0.001). As indicated by the patients, the recognized importance attributes were the kindness of foodservice personnel (4.19), kind smiles by foodservice personnel (4.16), and kind speaking by foodservice personnel (4.12). The most recognized satisfaction attributes were kindness of foodservice personnel (4.36), bedside meal service by foodservice personnel (4.25), kind speaking by foodservice personnel (4.24), kind smiles by foodservice personnel (4.24), and sanitary uniforms worn by foodservice personnel (4.21). These results suggest that the above encounter attributes (importance-satisfaction) would be useful tools for hospital foodservices to adopt, in order to control foodservice quality and satisfy the nutritional needs of elderly patients.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.175-192
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• 2013

The previous researches on customer participation(CP) have examined the influences of CP on customer satisfaction and service quality focusing on the role of CP in the service encounters. However, this paper identifies the path relationships between CP and relationship commitment focusing on the impact of CP on the relational outcomes. By expanding the role of CP in the service encounter, this paper shows what relational variables can be influenced by CP in detail, which identifies that CP plays an important role in service encounter empirically. As results, CP has significant influences on the relationship commitment such as normative commitment, continuance commitment, and affective commitment respectively. Additionally, considering the characteristics of CP, CP is more impactful on normative commitment than affective commitment.