• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1992

To study effects of wild garlic on components of lipid and protein, blood glucose level, and cholinesterase activity in rat's serum, Sprague-Dawley strain of 40 male rats are divided into 5 groups which are Normal, Control, A, B, and C group. Normal group is fed only Basal diet, and Control group is fed Basal diet and 0.5ml/day of 2.5% cholesterol solution, In addition to a diet of control group, A group is fed 25% wild garlic flour, B group 0.5ml/2day of concentratded wild garlic juice, C group 0.5ml/2day of concentrated ethanol extract of wild garlic, After 8 weesk the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and then decapitated to collect blood. The results of analysis of the rat's serum were summarized as follows, 1. Wild garlic diet, specially ethanol extract has an influence on decreasing the level of total cholesterol and blood glucose in rat's serum, 2. HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid content of rat's serum are increased by wild garlic diet. Therefore I think that wild garlic is good food for preventing development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 1999

This study was designed to develop biomarkers of coastal pollution using biochemical indices of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the serum and cholinesterase activities in brain membranes. For this purpose acetylcholiesterase (AChE) activity, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, LDH/AChE ratio and LDH/BChE ratio of cultured flounders at 5 different sites on the southern coast of Korea were compared to those of wild flounders caught in the Pohang, eastern coast of Korea as a control group. Relatively high LDH activities were measured in the serum of flounders cultured on the southern coast of Korea (0.101-0.145 unit) than those in the Pohang control group (0.093 unit). AChE activities were significantly low $(about\;10-20\%)$ in brain membranes of cultured flounders compared to those in the Pohang control group. The ratios of LDH/AChE and LDH/BChE were consistently higher $(136-178\%,\; 155-214\%)$ in cultured flounders than those of Pohang control group. Thus, we propose that the ratios of LDH/AChE and LDH/BChE in flounders could be applicable for the diagnosis of marine pollution.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.801-805
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of serum enzyme activities in rats after administration of aluminum compound. Seventy five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups consisting of control, $250\;ppm\;AlCl_3,\;500\;ppm\;AlCl_3,\;250\;ppm\;Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $500ppm Al_2(SO_4)_3$ groups and kept on the diet for 2 weeks. The weight gain increased from 0.53 to 3.35% in $AlCl_3$ adiministration groups but decreased from 2.82 to 6.16% in $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, administration groups as compared to control group. As compared to control group, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate amino transaminase (AST) in serum increased 29.43 to 57.68% and 0.68 to 9.97% in $AlCl_3$ adiministration groups, and 74.60 to 29.33% and 21.04 to 24.79% in $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ adiministration groups, respectively. However, alanine amino transminase (ALT) decreased from 12.69 to 25.42% in $AlCl_3$ adiministration groups and from 24.32 to 39.62% in $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ administration groups. Cholinesterase activity increased from 28.98 to 12.73% as compared to control group by administration of $AlCl_3$ and decreased from 3.93 to 14.48% by administration of $Al_2(SO_4)_3$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 1999

Background: Because of the widespread use and availability of agricultural insecticides, acute organophosphate poisoning as a suicide or an accident is becoming the most common type of poisoning and serious problem in Korea. The mortality of organophosphate poisoning varied from 10 to 86 percent. The cause of death was thought to be a combination of excessive bronchial secretion, bronchospasm, respiratory muscle paralysis and depression of respiratory center, summarily respiratory failure. We evaluated the respiratory complications in patients with acute organophosphate intoxication to determine the predisposing, factors to respiratory failure and to reduce the incidence of respiratory failure or mortality. Method: We conducted a retrospective study of 111 patients with the discharge diagnosis of organophosphate poisoning who were hospitalized at Yenugnam University Hospital during the 5 years. The diagnosis of organophosphate poisoning has based on the followings (1) a history of exposure to an organophosphate compounds. (2) the characteristic clinical signs and symptoms. (3) decrease in the cholinesterase activity in the serum. Results: Respiratory failure developed in 31(28%) of 111 patients with acute organophosphate poisoning. All cases of respiratory failure developed within 96 hours after poisoning and within 24 hours in 23 patients. The 80 patients who did not develop respiratory failure survived. In 31 patients with respiratory failure, 15(44%) patients were dead. The patients with respiratory failure had more severe poisoning, that is, the lower level of serum cholinesterase activity on arrival, the higher mean dosage of atropine administered within first 24 hours. In 16 patients with pneumonia, 14 patients developed respiratory failure. In 5 patients with cardiovascular collapse, 2 patients developed respiratory failure. There was no correlation to between age, sex, the use of pralidoxime and respiratory failure. The serum cholinesterase level in survivors at time of respiratory failure and weaning was $66.05{\pm}85.48U/L$, $441{\pm}167.49U/L$, respectively. Conclusion: All the respiratory failure complications of acute organophosphate poisoning occurred during the first 96 hours after exposure. The severity of poisoning and pneumonia were the predisposing factors to respiratory failure. Aggressive treatment and prevention of the above factors will reduce the incidence of respiratory failure.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.57-61
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• 2001

Tank mixing application of pesticides has been used to reduce labor and to control wide spectrum of pests, but it may cause significant pesticide poisoning on human and animals due to carelessness. The toxic response of pesticides for the tank mixtures and mixtures was investigated to determine acute toxicity and enzymatic change using experimental animals. Acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity were tested by RDA test guideline. The $LD_{50}$ was calculated by probit analysis method and cholinesterase was measured with automatic analyzer. The toxicities were generally higher than estimated toxicities in tank mixing and mixture. Serum cholinesterase activity was inhibited more than expected at the dose levels of 1/5, 1/10 and 1/20 of $LD_{50}$. Therefore, the results of this study showed that acute toxicity caused by the pesticide mixtures should be considered before the tank mixing method is applied.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2013

Several studies have shown the mechanisms and importance of immune responses against Toxoplasma gondii infection and the notable role of cholinesterases in inflammatory reactions. However, the association between those factors has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in blood and lymphocytes and the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in serum of rats experimentally infected with T. gondii during the acute phase of infection. For that, an in vivo study was performed with evaluations of AChE and BChE activities on days 5 and 10 post-infection (PI). The activity of AChE in blood was increased on day 5 PI, while in lymphocytes its activity was enhanced on days 5 and 10 PI (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups regarding to the activity of BChE in serum. A positive (P<0.01) correlation was observed between AChE activity and number of lymphocytes. The role of AChE as an inflammatory marker is well known in different pathologies; thus, our results lead to the hypothesis that AChE has an important role in modulation of early immune responses against T. gondii infection.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.61-66
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• 1997

Recently, incidences of pulmonary-related diseases are increasing and natural ecosystem is destroyed year by year owing to air pollutions by industrial noxious gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, etc. Sulfur dioxide produced by oxidation of sulfur compounds is water soluble and causes several kinds of pulmonary diseases, damaging on plants and animals. This study was undertaken to investigate effects of acute exposure of rats to sulfur dioxide using biochemical parameters. The sAST (aspartate transaminase) activity was not significantly affected but sALT (alanine transaminase), sLDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and sALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities were significantly increased by acute sulfur dioxide gas exposure. Also sulfur dioxide gas treatment significantly diminished serum cholinesterase activity. The total lipid, triglyceride, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol contents were significantly increased by sulfur dioxide gas exposures. But the body and liver weight were generally diminished in comparison with control group. Our results' showed increased enzyme activities and lipid contents, but body and liver weight were all diminished by sulfur dioxide gas treatment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.7 no.3_4
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• pp.37-55
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• 1992

Effect of Synethrin on the Toxicity of Dichlorvos in Rats. Hematological, biological and enzymatic effects were investigated in rats treated with DDVP and synethrin. Mutagenicity was also examined. In serological analysis, LDH and ALP were more significantly increased in rats treated with the mixture of DDVP (10mg/kg) and synethrin (250mg/kg) than with either DDVP or synethrin. DDVP alone slightly increased cytochrome P-450 in the liver while synethrin or the mixture decreased it. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the liver when rats were treated with both DDVP and the mixture. Cholinesterase activity was significantly decreased in the liver and serum when treated with DDVP as well as with the mixture. In mutagenicity test, DDVP was shown to be weakly positive to TA 97a, TA 100 and TA 102, but negative to TA 1537. Synethrin showed negative in all strains tested. These results suggest that the mixture of DDVP and synethrin increased the toxicities but not the mutagenicity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 1988

In order to elucidate the mechanism of toxic action of a pisonous mushroom, Amanita pantherina, biochemical effects of the mushroom extracts on mice were studied. A hotwater extract of Amanita pantherina injected intraperitoneally into male ICR mice evoked signs similar to those observed clinically upon acute poisoning by the mushroom and also changed the levels of component enzyme activities in blood, liver and urine. The serum cholinesterase activity was decreased significantly during 1-3 h after injection.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of green tea activites in rats with administration of aluminum in drinking green tea. Male Sprague-Daweley rats were divided into five groups consisting of the control, aqueous green tea at the level of 1.5%, a aquous green tea(1.5%) and aluminum sulfate solution 500ppm, before the 2 weeks administration by aquous green tea(1.5%) and after the 2 weeks aluminum sulfate solution 500ppm, aluminum sulfate solution 500ppm. After 4weeks of feeding, serum enzymes activites were measured for experimental rats, and analyzed the activites of alanine amino trans aminase(ALT), asparate amino transminase(AST) , lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cholinesterase(ChE). Comparing to control group, Alanine amino trans aminase (ALT) was decreased in aqueous green tea administrated group and increased significantly administration by aluminum sulfate solution 500ppm group. Alanine amino trans aminase(ALT) was decreased administration by aqueous green tea group and Increased addition to aluminum sulfate solution 500ppm group as compared to control group. Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was increased compared to control group by experimental group and increased significantly administration by aluminum sulfate solution 500ppm. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was decreased compared to control group by experimental group.