• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.863-870
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of octacosanol (OCT) extracted from triticale sprout on laying performance, egg quality, and blood parameters of laying hens. A total of 192, Hyline brown laying hens aged 43 weeks were divided into 4 dietary groups of 48 birds each and they were randomly subjected to one of the experimental diets containing OCT at the levels of none, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg of diet. All birds were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous mash diets for 6 weeks. The result showed that hens supplemented with 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT in diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) egg production than those fed with the basal diet. OCT concentration in the egg yolk of hens fed with 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT was significantly higher than in those fed the control diet. Hens fed 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT exhibited greater high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and interleukin (IL) concentrations and reduced serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride compared to those fed with 0 and 10 mg/kg OCT. This study indicates that supplementing the diet of laying hens with 20 and 30 mg/kg of OCT can improve the performance, egg quality, and health status of laying hens.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.665-670
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• 2007

In this study, we evaluated the property change and relationship between hematological and biochemical parameters in exposure group and control group by multiple inhalation exposure, of $NO_2$. In case of leukocyte, change of hematological property increased significantly in statistics (p<0.05) in mice experiment. in case of hematocrit of exposure group, it was of decreased significantly in statistics. the tendency of hemoglobin and hematocrit was similar to all for three case. in case of methmoglobin that of the exposure group in mice experiment was meaning increased(p<0.05). For the $NO_2$ influence in biochemical property, total protein and triglyceride was decreased but not significant in statistics, albumin was decreased in the exposure group in the animal experiments, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased significantly in statistics in the animal experiments. uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase in serum increased significantly in the exposure group. We have to evaluate risk assessment for the $NO_2$ of indoor air pollutant in low concentration and long time.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

Effects of temperature ($13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$) on the pharmacokinetic properties of nalidixic acid (NA) and piromidic acid (PA) were studied after oral administration to cultured black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Serum concentrations of NA and PA were determined using HPLC-UV detector after a single dosage of 60 mg/kg body weight. At $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, the peak serum concentrations of NA and PA, which attained at 24 h post-dose, were 5.87 and $0.43\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. At $13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, the peak serum concentrations of NA and PA, which attained at 10 h post-dose, were 6.22 and $1.57\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Better absorption of PA was noted at $13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ compared to $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$. However, absorption of NA was not affected significantly by temperature. The elimination of NA and PA from serum of black rockfish was considerably faster at $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ than at $13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$. The kinetic profile of absorption, distribution and elimination of NA and PA in serum were analyzed by fitting to a one compartment model, with WinNonlin program. The AUC, $T_{1/2}$, $T_{max}$ and $C_{max}$, respectively, were: $161.25\;{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, 0.15 h, 12.29 h and $8.91\;{\mu}g/ml$ at $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, and $134.12{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, 0.18 h, 8.79 h and $5.00\;{\mu}g/ml$ at $13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ with NA; $41.57\;{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, 0.58 h, 8.24 h and $0.21\;{\mu}g/ml$ at $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, and $40.36\;{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, 0.59 h, 5.04 h and $1.20\;{\mu}g/ml$ at $13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ with PA.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1987

The renal handling and tissue distribution of pyrazinamide were studied after administration of single dose intravenous injection for 15 min or constant infusion in New Zealand White rabbits. Peak pyrazinamide serum concentration ranged from 57.3 to $105.0{\mu}g/ml$ ($mean{\pm}SD;83.0{\pm}17.8$). The mean half-life of the a phase was $0.143{\pm}0.047$ hr while the ${\beta}$ phase ranged from 1.66 to 3.25 hr($mean{\pm}SD;2.38{\pm}0.57$). The mean steady-state volume of distribution in non-compartmental model was $0.935{\pm}0.362\;L/kg$ Excretion ratio of pyrazinamide was dramatically reduced from 1.02 to 0.30 when unbound serum pyrazinamide concentration was increased from 6.04 to $60.9\;{\mu}g/ml$. The urine flow dependency of renal clearance of pyrazinamide was demonstrated in steady-state serum concentration. The tissue/serum concentration ratio of pyrazinamide was highest in kidney and lowest in skeletal muscle among the tissues examined. The results suggested that a large fraction of pyrazinamide filtered by glomerulus and secreted by renal tubule was reabsorbed and this tubular reabsorption of pyrazinamide might be greatly influenced by urine flow.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1167-1177
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• 1998

Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the diseases characterized granuloma formation which was controlled by cellular immune reactions. In the process of granulomatous changes, activated alveolar macrophages and T lymphocytes secrete many cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-$\alpha$), interferon-gamma(IFN-$\gamma$) which mediate inflammatory reactions. Intercelluar adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) also known to major role player in inflammatory processes, and increased cellular expressions when endothelial cell was stimulated by IL-1, TNF and IFN. Method : To evaluate relationships among cellular immune reactions and clinical stages, pulmonary tuberculosis patients were classified into three groups according to their clinical stages including minimal, moderate and far advanced tuberculosis. TNF-$\alpha$ IFN-$\gamma$, sICAM-1 (soluble form of ICAM-1) were measured at the time of diagnosis and after 6-months anti-tuberculosis medications by radioimmuno assay or enzyme linked immunosolvent assay. Result : TNF-$\alpha$, IFN-$\gamma$, sICAM-1 were significantly increased in moderate and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis patients but no meaningful changes in minimal staged patients. 6-months anti-tuberculosis medications reduced serum sICAM-1 levels significantly, related to clinical improvement but no significant changes were found in the serum levels of TNF-$\alpha$ and IFN-$\gamma$. In the point of correlations. positive ones revealed between TNF-$\alpha$ and sICAM-1, also between IFN-$\gamma$ and sICAM-1 but no correlation between TNF-$\alpha$ and IFN-$\gamma$. Conclusion : Measurement of serum sICAM-1 could be useful parameter to evaluate the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis and to monitor disease activities during anti-tuberculosis medications.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of body composition, biochemical index level, resting metabolic rate and daily activities by the public health center's health-promoted program in overweight middle aged women. The workout program of 12 subjects constituted by exercise(aerobic exercise & resistance training) and nutritional education for 10 weeks. As the results, there was a significant decrease in all the weight(59.0$\pm$8.9 vs 57.2$\pm$8.3kg, p<0.05), body fat percentage(33.4$\pm$4.3 vs 30.5$\pm$4.5%, p<0.05) and body fat mass(19.8$\pm$5.4 vs 17.7$\pm$4.9kg, p<0.05) after program. Fat free mass and RMR which tend to be higher after than before program were found not to be significantly. In addition, the serum HDL-cholesterol(54.3$\pm$8.1 vs 59.7$\pm$13.9mg/dl, p<0.05) and TG level(65.2$\pm$418 vs 89.4$\pm$65.6mg/dl, p<0.05) of the subjects increased at the end of the study significantly and significant correlation found between total-cholesterol and TG before program. When the other laboratory parameter were compared before and after program, hematocrit(35.1$\pm$3.3 vs 39.7$\pm$3.3%, p<0.001), platelet(225.9$\pm$49.6 vs 244.3$\pm$49.7cell/ul, p<0.05) and fasting glucose(88.0$\pm$6.5 vs 76.6$\pm$9.7mg/dl, p<0.001) increased significantly but hemoglobin(13.3$\pm$1.3 vs 12.9$\pm$1.3mg/dl, p<0.01) decreased. And in activities analysis, 'moderate activity(18.8 vs 5.8minutes, p<0.05)' clearly showed a significant decrease but 'severe activity(17.7 vs 11.4minutes, p<0.05)' showed a increase. These results suggest that continuous health-promoted program involved exercise and nutritional education at the public health center are effective to reduce body fat and to improve resting metabolic rate(RMR). Further research is required to develop more effective public health program for the middle aged women in community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.243-243
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• 1994

Although active systemic anaphylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis have been empolyed to study anaphylactic hypersensitivity, it is difficult and time-consuming to induce these reactions in experimental animals. In recent, Jun et al have found a simple method to induced anaphylactic hypersensitivity such as anaphylactic shock(AS) and cutaneous reaction(CR) using compound48/80. Cortex mori (Morus alba L.), the root bark of mulberry tree has been used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the methanol extract of Cortex mori could inhibit the compound 48/80-induced AS and CR. To induce AS, various doses of compound 48/80 (5, 7.5, 10, 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/gm B.W.) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into ICR mice. The animals were pretreated by three injection(i.p.) of Cortex mori before compound 48/80 administration. Peripheral blood was collected from the right ventricle to estimate the level of serum histamine at 15 minutes after the injctin(i.p.) of various concentration of compound48/80. Mortility rate, mean death time and mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate were evaluated over a 72 hour period. To estimate the effect of Cortex mori on compound 48/80-induced cutaneous reaction, various doses of compound 48/80 with or without Cortex mori were injected intradermally(i.d.) into the shaved flank of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the blue cutaneous patchs induced by Evans'blue injection at the compound 48/80 alone and Cortex mori plus compound 48/80 injection sites were observed. As a Parameter of these reactions, the levels of histamine in the supernatant, calcium uptake and intracellular CAMP of RPMC were measured. supernatant, 1)compound 48/80-induced mortility rate, mean death time, mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate, and serum histamine level in ICR mice were significantly inhibited by pretreatment of Cortex mori, 2) cutaneous reaction inducd by compound48/80 was well developed in Sprague-Dawley rat, but Cortex mori inhibited the compound 48/80-induced blue patch formation remarkably, 3) the compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release and calcium uptake of RPMC pretreated with Cortex mori were significantly inhibited, compared to those of control without Cortex mori pretreatment, and 4)the level of cAMP of RPMC was reduced bythe increased concentration of compound 48/80, pretreatment of Cortex mori not only inhibited the compound 48/80-induced reduction of CAMP but also significantly increased the level of cAMP naturally, from the above results, it is suggested that Cortex mori has an some substances with an ability to inhibits the compound 48/80-induced AS,CR, and mast cell activation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of crude saponin from Korean red ginseng on clinical chemical parameters in ovariectomized rats. The crude red ginseng saponin was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography and spirit. Tota1 of 50 rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC), sham-ovariectomized (SO), ovariectomized (OR), ovariectomized and saponin treated (OS) and normal control treated with saponin (NS). Saponin was intraperitonally administered for 12 weeks since 1 week before ovariectomy: The body weight of ovariectomized rats showed no significant change but that of NS group showed significant increase when compared with NC group. Platelet counts of serum showed significant increase when treated with saponin regardless of ovariectomy. Triglyceride content of serum in NC group was 152.1 mg/㎗, while that of OR group was decreased to 99.9 mg/㎗ However, when saponin was administered, the content was increased to 138.0 mg/㎗. The weight of spleen also showed significant increase when treated with saponin, while the other organs showed no weight changes. On the other hand, ovariectomy in rats induced decrease in femur weight by 10% when compared with NC group. However, administration of crude saponin in ovariectomized rats recovered the weight of the femur to the similar level of NC (e<0.01 0.05). In addition, femur weight of NS group indicated 10 to 16% higher value than that of NC. These results suggest that Korean red ginseng saponin attenuates phyiological disorders induced by malfunction of ovary.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.156-167
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• 2002

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Kimchi intake of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CDSE) supplementation on cytokine-induction and immune response in mice. To study in experiments using male Balb/c mice fed Kimchi and Kimchi of CDSE supplementation (addition of 2% of total Kimchi weight) containing fed experimental diet during 2 weeks. Experimental mice were fed control diet or diet containing freeze-dried Kimchi at the level of 5%(w/w) or 5% freeze-dried Kimchi with 2% CDSE supplementation. The main ingredient of Kimchi was Korean cabbage and fermentation was carried out at $4^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Freeze-dried 2% CDSE supplementation was added to Kimchi at the beginning of fennentation. In order to investigate the effect of Kimchi intake of CDSE supplementation (5%Kimchi-2%CDSE), the following was performed; body weight, food intake, hematological parameter, serum level of mouse interleukin-4 (mIL-4) and mouse $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(mIFN-{\gamma})$, and, the percentage of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, B220+ in splenic cells. The results of final body weight, and food diet intake of two Kimchi groups were lower than those of the control group (not supplemented experimental diet). The hematology change obtained from the level of WBC (white blood cell) and platelet were not affected by feeding different dietary regiments, but the level of RBC (red blood cells) HB (hemoglobin), and spleen weight of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group. The serum level of IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group, also enhanced the percentages of the CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ by 5% freeze-dried Kimchi, and 5%Kimchi-2%CDSE group were 43.9 and 60.1%, and 96.0 and 174% than those of the control group, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that Kimchi itself has an immuno-stimulatory effect and Kimchi contaning 2% CDSE supplementation has the more pronounced effect in vivo system.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

The current study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary pyroligneous acid (PA) on performance, noxious gas emission in excreta, blood parameter and fatty acid composition of breast meat in Korean native chicken. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were allocated to three treatments (PA; 0, 0.1, 0.2%) with five replicate of 16 each per treatment for 10 weeks. Although there was no effect on the performance, ammonia gas concentration was significantly decreased in the PA treatments compared to the control (p<0.05). Birds fed PA had higher serum total protein and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) concentration but lower triglyceride content in the PA 0.2% treatment than control (p<0.05). In fatty acids composition of breast meat, myristic and stearic acid were significantly decreased, whereas oleic and linolenic acid were significantly increased in the group fed PA compared to those of the control group (p<0.05). The result of the current study indicates that dietary PA may reduce the noxious gas emission and improve lipid levels as well as increase of monounsaturated fatty acids composition of breast meat in Korean native chickens.