• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.134-145
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• 2010

목 적: 로타바이러스 감염역학의 변화를 연구하기 위해 A군 로타바이러스의 VP6 유전자를 대장균에 발현시켜 확보한 rVP6 단백질이 항원성이 있는지를 확인하고 이것을 항원으로 한 효소면역측정법이 로타바이러스 IgG, IgA와 IgM 항체를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 경상대학교병원에서 로타바이러스 감염을 진단받은 소아들 중 진단 받기 전, 진단 당시, 회복기 이후의 연속적인 혈청을 확보할 수 있었던 22명에게서 100개의 혈청을 경상대학교병원 인체자원은행으로부터 제공받아 로타바이러스 VP6 유전자를 클로닝 하여 대장균에 발현시켜 제조한 rVP6 항원으로 한 효소면역측정법으로 IgG, IgA와 IgM 항체 역가를 측정하였다. 이 중 건강한 신생아 4명에서는 면역 블로팅을 같이 시행하였다. 결 과: 건강한 신생아와 영유아 17명에서 감염 후 확보된 혈청에서 IgG, IgA, IgM 항체 중 최소한 한 종류의 항체 역가 증가가 동반되어 있었다. 면역이 저하된 소아 5명 중 4명에서는 IgG 항체 역가는 증가되었으나 IgA 항체 역가는 2명에서만 증가하였고, IgM 항체 역가는 5명 모두 증가하지 않았다. 신생아 4명에서 시행된 면역 블로팅 검사에서는 IgM 항체인 경우는 효소면역측정법보다 예민하게 진단 초기부터 4명 모두 양성으로 판정되었다. 결 론: A군 로타바이러스의 VP6 유전자를 대장균에 발현시켜 확보한 rVP6 단백질은 항원성이 있으며 이것을 항원으로 한 효소면역측정법은 로타바이러스 감염후 IgG, IgA, IgM 항체 역가 증가를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있어 지역사회에서 발생한 로타바이러스 감염역학의 변화를 연구하는데 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

Purpose: Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits have been considered less reliable for children than for adults. The aim of this study was to compare four ELISA kits and in-house immunoblotting based on the analysis of anti-H. pylori-IgG antibody reactivity. Methods: A total of 399 serum samples were collected at the GNU Hospital during 1998-1999. All sera were tested using ELISA and immunoblotting. Statistically significant differences were determined by the $x^2$ test. Results: The overall seropositivity rates using GAP IgG, Genedia IgG, HM-CAP, Pyloriset EIA-G, and immunoblotting were 13.0%, 25.1%, 18.3%, 15.8%, and 62.9%, respectively. Immunoblotting showed a higher seropositivity rate than did all four ELISA kits in all age groups. Genedia IgG had the highest seropositivity among the ELISA kits. The seropositivity rate for children aged 13 to 18 months was lowest, and that of children aged 15 years was highest (90.0%). The seropositivity rate for children aged 7 months to 5 years was significantly lower than that for children aged 6 to 15 years among the four ELISA kits (p<0.0001) and immunoblotting (p=0.02). Conclusion: Immunoblotting is the most sensitive test for detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies among the serological tests in this study. These results emphasize the need for standardization when commercial ELISA tests are used in different nations or in young age groups. Immunoblotting could be a suitable noninvasive assay for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiologic study of H. pylori infection in Korean children.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1988

While there have been not a few reports on the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Korea, most of them, however, have had several limitations; operational definition of HBV infection, validity of detection methods of HBV serologic markers, size of the study population, and confirmation of the vaccination history against HBV, etc. In order to avoid such limitations, authors randomly selected 1,495 healthy adults among the 217,511 insured (target population) of Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, living in seoul, and tested HBV serologic markers by RIA method and conducted direct interview to them. Although HBV serologic markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc) of all the subjects were tested, 392(26.2%) of interview failure cases and 361 vaccinee were excluded from the actual population. Finally, the serologic markers tested of 742 nonvaccinee (study population) only were analysed for the seroepidemiologic observation of the natural infection of HBV. The seroepidemiological characteristics of HBV infection in Korea were as follows ; 1. Point prevalence of HBs antigenemia was 11.7(9.1{\sim}14.3)% in male, which was slightly higher than that of female, 9.5($3.7{\sim}15.3$)%. This level was one of the highest among those of Asian-Pacific countries. Decreasing tendency of HBsAg prevalence alter the age of 50 was observed, which seems to be due to selective attrition of HBV chronic carriers among the healthy adults and/or to the limited-lasting duration of the HBs antigenemia, in part. 2. Point prevalence of anti-HBc(78.8% in male,50.9% in female) was higher than that of anti-HBs(65.2% in male,46.6% in female), respectively. And both of them were higher in male than in female. Increasing tendency of the prevalence of both antibodies was observed by age, which seems to be largely due to recurrent infection in adults and to some cumulative effect, in part, of their relatively longer-lasting duration. 3. The level of HBV infection defined by positive for at least one of the 3 serologic markers of HBV by RIA method was 84.7($81.8{\sim}87.6$)% in male and 61.2($51.9{\sim}70.5$)% in female, which was also one of the highest among those of Asian-Pacific countries. The proportion of susceptible population to HBV infection among healthy adults was 15.3% in male and 38.8% in female. 4. The relative frequency of current or past infection and chronic carrier among HBV infected person was estimated. The currently or past infected was estimated 75.7% in male and 71.8% in female, and chronic carrier state, 13.8% in male and 14.1% in female. The analysis of the geometric mean of the antibody titer in anti-HBs positive sera indicated also to be compatible with the above findings, suggesting that active, even though inapparent, infection of HBV occur so frequently among healthy adults in Korea.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

The present study was designed to estimate the seroprevalence of NLVs among diarrheagenic children and in healthy adults in Seoul and its vicinity with the use of an EIA and an Western blot (WB) based on recombinant Norwalk virus capsid protein (rNV) and crude virus preparations as antigen. Seroconversion was observed in 34 (83%) of 41 tested using the EIA and in 21 (54%) of 39 using the WB, suggesting that the NLVs with epitopes common to rNV are prevalent in Seoul area. Diarrheal children who were known to have been infected with several other strains of the NLVs showed no significant antibody response to the rNV. Infection with rNV occurred earlier in life: primary infections with rNV were common before the age of 6 months and over 91 % of children had evidence of infection by that age by the EIA. Since the amount of the NLV antigens available for seroepidemiologic surveys is limited, we tried to detect NLV antibody by using crude virus preparations as antigen. One crude virus preparation of a child whose stool yielded genetically distinct NLV revealed the presence of the plural number of bands upon SDS-PAGE, but precipitated only one band (62 kDa) after the WB with a serum (collected 10 days after the onset of symptoms) of another diarrheal child. The WB assay we present in this report revealed that the NLVs are prevalent among Korean population and that the sera contained antibody to a single major structural protein, with molecular sizes of 58 to 62 kDa, compatible with the sizes reported for the Norwalk virus and Snow Mountain agent proteins, respectively. When the results of the WB were compared with those obtained by the EIA, the EIA antibody assay was sensitive enough to detect an antibody rise of as much as 4096-fold but not as specific as the WB. The WB assay presented in this paper will provide a powerful tool to elucidate not only antigenic structures of the NL Vs but also seroepidemiology of the NLV infection. The availability of an unlimited source of antigen will enable a large scale serologic studies that will greatly increase our understanding of the role of NLVs in human enteric illness.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2007

목 적 : A형 간염 유병률은 그 지역의 생활환경과 위생상태와 밀접한 관계가 있으며 시간 및 지역에 따라 다양한 양상을 보인다. 최근에 들어와 A형 간염 유병률의 변화에 대하며 많은 이들이 보고하여 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 부산 지역에 거주하는 소아과 성인을 대상으로 A형 간염 항체 유병률을 측정하였다. 방 법 : 부산시에 거주하고 2004년 10월부터 2005년 3월까지 메리놀병원에 입원한 472명을 대상으로 하였으며 전 연령층의 혈청으로부터 면역방사계수 측정법을 이용하여 항 A형 바이러스 IgG 항체 유무를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) A형 간염 IgG 항체 양성률은 총 472명 중 108명에서 항체가 검출되어 22.8%이었고, 2-5세가 1.7%, 6-10세가 1.7%, 11-20세가 0%, 21-30세가 40.5%, 31-40세가 82.1%, 41-50세가 94.7%, 51세 이상이 100%로 조사되었다. 2) 각 연령군 모두에서 남녀간의 항체 양성률(P=0.2)간에 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 우리 나라에서는 최근 경제발전과 더불어 생활환경이 향상되어 A형 간염 항체 양성률이 지난 20년 전보다 현저하게 감소되었다. 현재 소아 연령에서 A형 간염 항체 보유율이 매우 낮아 이들이 성인이 되는 경우 현증 A형 간염의 유행이 초래될 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 개인위생 및 생활환경을 개선하고, 고위험군을 대상으로 수동면역 및 능동면역을 시행하여 바이러스의 전파를 막아 A형 간염의 발생을 적극적으로 예방하여야 하겠다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1999

Sero-epidemiologic survey has been carried out to establish serologically the presence of hantavirus in areas of South Africa. The survey was oriented to search natural infection in both of humans and wild rodents and involvement of human disease. The normal human sera were collected from the residents in urban and rural areas of Western Cape, and rural area of Eastern Cape province. The rodent sera came from various species of rodents trapped in Northern Cape and Western Free provinces. The patient sera were selected from the patients of renal failure, pulmonary syndrome and pyrexia of unknown origin (PUQ) according to diagnostic chart among the patients hospitalized in major hospitals of Cape Town area. The sera were screened and titrated by IFA test using antigens of Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Puumala (PUU), and Prospect Hill (PH) viruses primarily. Positive cases were subjected to differential IFA test using HTN, PUU and PH antigens and plaque reduction neutralization test for further confirmation. Anti-hantavirus antibodies were detected from 2 of 352 rural, 1 of 172 urban residents of E. Cape, and 5 of 118 rural, 5 of 368 urban residents of W. Cape. The antibody was also demonstrated from 5 of 221 wild rodents, and it was appeared that 2 different species, Aethomys namaquensis and Tatem leucogaster, are involved. Among 318 patients tested, 3 who were diagnosed as chronic renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and glomerulonephritis were proved to be positive. The reaction patterns obtained from all of these positive sera were distinct from hantaviral sero-patterns ever established. This result suggests that new viruses may exist in this area and play an possible etiologic role in human disease. The feature of serologic survey on anti-hantavirus antibody demonstrable newly from African wild rodents which are different from reservoir species in other continents elicits a conjecture that the virus may be different from known hantaviruses ever found. This fact also suggests that an expanded role in etiologic involvement with other unknown human diseases by newly emerging hantaviruses may be possible in this areas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2005

Objectives : We investigated the seroprevalence of the measles antibody and its at tributable factors for the students who underwent routine 2-dose Schedule Era. Methods : The subjects were 996 students of the national measles seroepidemiologic study in December 2000 who had vaccination records. We conducted a questionnaire survey and we performed serologic testing for the measlesspecific IgG by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The coverage for the first dose of the MMR vaccination at 12-15 months of age was 95.1% and the coverage for the second dose of MMR at 4-6 years of age was 35.0%. The proportion of subjects undergoing 2-dosesof MMR dec reased as the age of the subjects increased. The seropositive rate of the measles antibody was significantly high in the second dose vaccinees (93.5% in the second dose group, 84.7% in the non-second dose group, p<0.001) and it was 72.0% in the 0-dose group, 85.4% in the 1-dose group and 93.7% in the 2-dose group (p<0.001). Two point eight percent of the subjects had a past history of measles infection. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, the first and second dose (odds ratio, 8.54; 95% CI.=3.05-23.91), the first dose (odds ratio, 3.06; 95% CI.=1.20-7.81) and the outbreak in the year 2000 (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% CI.=1.24-2.88) were the significant factors for the seropositivity. Conclusions : Maintaining high coverage with a 2-dose vaccination program would be the decisive factor to prevent an outbreak of measles and to eliminate measles in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.279-292
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• 1997

The vaccinations of susceptible children and postpubertal females are the major means to prevent congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Another means for reducing the CRS is therapeutic abortion or fetal monitoring for women who are infected in the first four months of pregnancy. We could not estimate the incidence of CRS in Korea, because there was no surveillance system for rubella and CRS. Nationwide vaccination program for 15months infant had been started early 1980s. So, most women at childbearing age during study period were not received rubella vaccination. We set forth CRS management system for pregnant women in two rural county of Kyonggi province, Korea. In this system, the presence of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies for early pregnant women were examined with MEIA(Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay) method by IMx automated analyzer $Abbott^(R)$. The infected pregnant women followed up in order to confirm their childrens CRS. This study was carried out from Mu. 1993 to Jun. 1994, and pregnant women examined were 874 persons. The results were summarized as follows. The overall positive .ate of rubella IgG antibody was 94.5%(826/874). The positive rate was significantly increase as the age increased, and reached 100% in pregnant women who were over 35 years old. This results suggest that a meaningful number of women are infected during childbearing years. The geometric mean titer of IgG of sero-positive subjects was significantly declined as the age increased. On the question about history of URI symptoms and rash in pregnancy, 20.7% of respondents checked on URI symptoms with .ash, 13.5% only URI symptoms without .ash, and 65.8% no symptoms. However there was no demonstrable association between the rubella like infection history in pregnancy and the rubella IgG and IgM antibody status. Rubella infection .ate in pregnant women was 0.9%(95% CI 0.4-1.8%). Two of these 8 infected pregnancies were terminated by therapeutic abortion. One of them was not followed. Five babies had no gross anomalies at birth. In Dec. 1996, three of five babies were normal appeared infants. Two of them were not followed. Throughout this study results, we confirmed the need of CRS management system for pregnant women, in Korea.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2001

목적: 건강한 소아를 대상으로 혈청에서 H. pylori와 HAV에 대한 IgG 항체가를 동시에 측정하여 연령에 따른 항체 양성률과 두 감염의 혈청학적 양성률의 일치성 여부를 조사하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 1998년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 전남대학교병원 소아과에 내원한 환아중 상부 위장관 질환을 의심할만한 증상을 호소하지 않고, HAV 예방접종을 받지 않았으며 간 질환을 앓은 기왕력이 없는 건강한 소아 315명을 대상으로 하였다. H. pylori에 대한 IgG 항체가는 대상 소아 315명 모두에서 측정하였고, HAV에 대한 IgG 항체가는 대상 소아중 215명에서 측정하였다. H. pylori에 대한 IgG 항체 측정은 효소 면역법을 이용하여 측정하였으며, HAV에 대한 IgG 항체는 competitive radio-immunoasay로 측정하였다. 결과: H. pylori에 대한 IgG 항체의 양성률은 1세 미만에서 21.2%, 1~3세는 9.2%, 4~6세는 8.9%, 7~9세는 26.7%, 10~12세는 38.7%, 13세 이상에서는 37.0%로 대상 소아 315명 중 55명(17.5%)에서 양성을 보였으며 연령이 증가함에 따라 의의 있게(p<0.05) 증가하였다. HAV에 대한 혈청 IgG 항체의 양성률은 1세 미만이 66.1%, 1~3세는 21.8%, 4~6세는 10.9%, 7-9세는 10.0%, 10~12세는 9.5%, 13세 이상은 41.2%로 대상 소아 215명 중 65명(30.2%)에서 양성을 보였고, 연령이 증가함에 따라 양성률이 의의 있게(p<0.05) 증가하였다. H. pylori와 HAV에 대한 IgG 항체가 모두 양성인 경우는 9.8%, 모두 음성인 경우는 62.8%, H. pylori에 대해서만 양성인 경우는 7.0%, HAV에 대해서만 양성인 경우는 20.5%이었다. H. pylori와 HAV 감염 사이에 항체 양성률과 음성률에 있어 카파(${\kappa}$) 값은 0.26이었다. 결론: H. pylori와 HAV에 대한 항체는 연령이 증가함에 따라 항체의 양성률도 증가하였고, 두 감염에 대한 혈청 IgG 항체의 양성과 음성사이에 약간의 일치성을 보여 두 감염의 전파 양식에 약간의 유사성이 있음을 보였다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

목 적 : A형 간염 바이러스는 주로 대변에서 경구로 전파되기 때문에 개인과 공중위생이 A형 간염의 연령과 유병률에 영향을 준다. 저자들은 포항에서 비 현증 A형 간염과 A형 간염 예방접종 계획을 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 A형 간염 항체 양성률을 조사하였다. 방 법 : 포항시에 거주하고 2004년 1월부터 2005년 2월까지 포항 한동대학교 선린병원, 포항 동국대학교병원, 포항 기독병원에, A형 간염 예방 접종을 하지 않았고, 간질환 이외의 다른 질환으로 입원한 총 603명의 환자를 대상으로 혈액 3 mL을 채혈하여 원심분리하여 전기 화학 발광 면역 측정법(electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, ECLIA)으로 A형 간염 바이러스 IgG 항체 양성률을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 총 603명의 검사 대상자들 중 소아군(15세 미만) 523명, 15세 이상 80명이었다. A형 간염항체 양성률은 소아군에서는 0~5개월 71명, 6~11개월 74명, 12~17개월 79명, 18~23개월 82명, 2~3세 72명, 4~8세 74명, 9~14세 71명이었고, 15~29세 40명, 30대 이상 40명이었고, A형 간염항체 양성률은 소아군에서는 523명 중 101명이 항체 검출되어 19.3%이었고, 15세 이상에서는 80명중 56명이 항체 검출되어 70.0%의 항체 양성률을 보였다. 연령별로는 소아군에서 0~5개월 73.2%, 6~11개월 14.9%, 12~17개월 8.9%, 18~23개월 7.3%, 2~3세 5.5%, 4~8세 12.1%, 9~14세 16.9%, 15~29세 52.5%, 30대 이상 92.5%의 급격히 높은 항체 양성률를 보였다. 대상자의 성별 항체 양성률은 남/녀 각각 0~5개월 73.7/70.0%, 6~11개월 15.8/13.9%, 12~17개월 9.5/8.1%, 18~23개월 7.0/7.7%, 2~3세 5.5%, 4~8세 12.1%, 9~14세 16.9%, 15~29세 52.5%, 30대 이상 92.5%로 남녀 두 군간의 항체 양성률에는 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 한국에서 다른 도시의 과거의 조사와 비교하여 포항시에서 실시한 4~8세와 9~14세의 연령층에서 A형 간염의 항체 유병률이 낮았다. 이에 저자들은 포항이 다른 도시와 비교하여 위생 상태가 적어도 나쁘지 않는 것으로 추정할 수가 있다. 그리고 3세 후에 A형 간염 유병률이 증가하기 때문에 3세 까지 A형 간염 예방접종을 마칠 것을 추천하는 바이다.