• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.130-141
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• 1990

In order to investigate possible utilization as a naturall antioxidant, antioxidative fraction from pueraria root powder was obtained by solvent extraction. PO,CO and TBA values were measured at $60^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, $145^{\circ}C$, respectively, after adding the pueraria root extract to the final concentration of 0.1% to the lard, beef tallow, pallm and soybean oil. The results of antioxidative effect of pueraria root extract to edible oils and fats were as follows : 1. Antioxidative fractions in pueraria root were extracted by sequential solvent systems using ethanol, methanol : isopropyl alcohol (1: 4) and chloroform : methanol(95 : 5). 2. Antioxidative activity of the extracts to edible oils and fats was more effective than that of adding 100 ppm $\alpha$-tocopherol at $60^{\circ}C$. 3. At $60^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$, antioxidative effect was beef tallow>palm oil>lard>soybean oil in its orders. 4. At $145^{\circ}C$, the pueraria root extract showed antioxidative activity in beef tallow, lard and palm oil, but not in soybean oil. 5. The content of saturated fatty acids by the heat treatment was remained smalll change, but that of unsaturated fatty acids was noticeable decreased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1993

Allelopathic inhibition by substance(s) originated from sicklepod(Cassia tora L.) seed on germination of other plant seeds, was confirmed and used to elucidate general mechanism of allelopathy which was occurred widly in natural and/or agricultural ecosystems. The mechanism was deduced from changes in water contents, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities, protease activities, concentrations of abscisic acid and total phenolic compounds during germination of rice and radish seeds treated with water-soluble extracts of sicklepod seeds. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The % germinations of radish, rice, lettuce, barley seeds were decreased by substances originated from crushed sicklepod seeds. 2. By the treatment of water-soluble extracts of sicklepod seeds, the inhibition of germination of radish seeds was occured with the sequential phenomena of increase of protease activity(synthesis), decrease of water content and increase of total phenolic compounds content. 3. In rice, the inhibition of seed germination by the water-slouble extracts of sicklepod seeds was related to increase of abscisic acid concentration and then decrease of ${\alpha}$-amylase activity(synthesis).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.488-500
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the protocols for superstimulation of follicular growth in Thai native heifers. Heifers (n = 20) were randomly divided into four groups of five heifers/group. Heifers were given a single dose by i.m. administration of 100 mg Follicle Stimulating Hormone dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone (FSHp) at 24 h. Ovum pick up (OPU) occurred at 72 h ($F_{24}O_{72}$ protocol; Group 1) or 96 h ($F_{24}O_{96}$ protocol; Group 2), and at 36 h and OPU at 72 h ($F_{36}O_{72}$ protocol; Group 3) or 96 h ($F_{36}O_{96}$ protocol; Group 4) after follicular ablation. The dynamics of ovarian follicular growth were monitored by twice-daily ultrasonographic examinations. Blood sample collections were performed every 12 h after initiation of treatment for assessment of FSH, E2 and P4 profiles. All heifers were subjected to eight repeated sequential sessions of OPU. The follicular deviation commenced $24{\pm}5.32$ h after follicular ablation in all groups. The circulatory FSH surged quickly from 24 to 36 h (>0.8 ng/ml) after follicular ablation and circulatory estrogen levels steadily increased from 36 h until OPU in all groups. At the end of the OPU sessions, the mean number of aspirated follicles/heifer/session in $F_{36}O_{72}$ protocol (Group 3) and $F_{36}O_{96}$ protocol (Group 4) were higher than in the two other groups (p<0.05). The number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), cleaved and day 8 blastocysts rates in the $F_{36}O_{72}$ protocol (Group 3) were higher than in the other groups (p<0.05). It can be concluded that a single dose i.m. administration of 100 mg FSHp at 36 h and OPU at 72 h after follicular ablation ($F_{36}O_{72}$ protocol; Group 3) was the most effective protocol for superstimulation of follicular growth for repeated OPU and subsequent in vitro embryo production in Thai native heifers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.921-925
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• 2003

To control blood glucose level as close to normal is the major goal of treatment of diabetes mellitus. $\alpha$-glucosidase is the enzyme to digest dietary carbohydrate and inhibition of $\alpha$-glucosidase could suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. The methanol extract of soybean sprout was tested for the inhibitory activities against $\alpha$-glucosidase in vitro. Soybean sprout extract inhibited yeast $\alpha$-glucosidase activity by 24.5% at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. The methanol extract of soybean sprout was subsequently subjected to sequential fractionation with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Among the fractions tested ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed relatively strong inhibition against $\alpha$-glucosidase by 36.3% at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. Acarbose, standard $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor, inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase activity by 40.1%. The ability of soybean sprout extract to lower postprandial glucose was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without the methanol extract of soybean sprout (500 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats after an overnight-fast by gastric intubation. A single oral dose of soybean sprout extract inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels significantly at 60, 90, 120, 180 min (p<0.05) and decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve significantly (p<0.05). These results suggest that soybean sprout might exert hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.606-611
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of dietary glycoprotein extracted from Porphyra yezoensi on growth performance and resistance against the pathogenic bacteria Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder. A porphyra-originated glycoprotein (P) was extracted using sequential processes of water and ethanol treatment. P extracts were added to a fish-meal-based diet at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% (designated as Con, $P_{0.5}$, and $P_{1.0}$, respectively). Fish were fed one of the three experimental diets for 10 weeks. All fish groups exhibited over 96.7% survival during the experimental period. Results indicated that the fish fed diets containing P showed an increase in growth performance, including enhanced weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency. An increase in insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) was observed in the fish fed the $P_{1.0}$ diet, as compared to those fed Con. At the end of the 10-week feeding trial, all fish were infected with E. tarda, and accumulated mortality was monitored for 8 days. Fish fed the Con diet exhibited increasing mortality from day 3 to the end of the challenge test, whereas the mortality of P-fed fish ceased at day 5. We suggest that supplementation with P-originated glycoprotein in aquafeed may increase growth performance and resistance against pathogenic bacteria in olive flounder juveniles.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1979

Comparative tolerance of the new rice varieties from Indicax Japonica cross to elastic and plastic chilling injuries was examined at the 3rd leaf-stage, the most sensitive stage to chilling during nursery, using a chilling chamber set 11\circ C, 13hrs. 20K lux day/5$^{\circ}C$ night. Seedlings were reared until 35 days after seeding in a 26\circ C, 13hrs. day / 18\circ C night chamber except the period of chilling treatment for 0, 3, 4, 6, 8 or 10 days. The new varieties were approximately twice susceptible to elastic injuries, and thrice susceptible to plastic injuries than the Japonica varieties in the term of chilling duration. Among the variables indicating apparant chilling injuries the reduction in dry matter responded most sensitively and differentiated well the varietal difference in chilling resistance even with shorter chilling period. Sequential aspects of the cause and effect relations involved in the development of the apparant chilling injuries are discussed and a schematic diagram is presented as Fig. 5 in the text.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.488-492
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• 2003

Yeast cell wall mutant, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IS2 was screened by the NTG treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7911. The mutant was highly resistant to zymolase, which specifically degrades ${\beta}$-1,3-D-glucose chain of ${\beta}$-glucan and mechanical disruption by glass beads. These phenomena demonstrate that the yeast mutant has cell wall structure different from the wild-type. The ${\beta}$-glucan of yeast mutant and wild-type strains was recovered by sequential extraction with NaOH. The injection of ${\beta}$-glucan into the abdominal cavity of mouse resulted in an increase in the number of peritoneal immune cells, NO (nitric oxide) production, and phagocytic activity of macrophage. The number of immune cells was found to be $3.90{\times}10^6\;cells/10\;mL$ and $5.48{\times}10^6\;cells/10\;mL$ with the wild-type and mutant ${\beta}$-glucan, respectively. The effect on the NO production and phagocytic activity of mutant ${\beta}$-glucan were 1.69 and 1.43-fold higher than those of wild-type. These results indicate that the immuno-stimulating activity of alternated ${\beta}$-glucan from mutant yeast is higher than that of wild-type.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

The effects of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) on salivary glands have been recognized since 1982. The presence of purinergic recepetors(P2Rs) that mediate the effects of ATP in various tissues, including parotid and submandibular salivary gland, has been supported by the cloning of receptor cDNAs and the expression of the receptor proteins. P2Rs have many subtypes, and the activation of these receptor subtypes increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, a key ion in the regulation of the secretion in the salivary gland. The apical pores of taste buds in circumvallate and foliate papillae are surrounded by the saliva from von Ebner salivary gland(vEG). Thus, it is important how the secretion of vEG is controlled. This study was designed to elucidate the roles of P2Rs on salivary secretion of vEG. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 200 g) were used for this experiment. vEG-rich tissues were obtained from dissecting $500-1,000\;{\mu}m$ thick posterior tongue slices under stereomicroscope view. P2Rs mRNA in vEG acinar cells were identified with RT-PCR. To observe the change in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ activity, we employed $Ca^{2+}-ion$ specific fluorescence analysis with fura-2. Single acinar cells and cell clusters were isolated by a sequential trypsin/collagenase treatment and were loaded with $10\;{\mu}M$ fura -2 AM for 60 minutes at room temperature. Several agonists and antagonists were used to test a receptor specificity. RT-PCR revealed that the mRNAs of $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$ and $P2Y_3$ are expressed in vEG acinar cells. The intracellular calcium activity was increased in response to $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP, a P2Rs agonist, and 2-MeSATP, a $P2Y_1$ and $P2Y_2R$ agonist. However, $300\;{\mu}M\;{\alpha}{\beta}-MeATP$, a $P2X_1$ and $P2X_3R$ agonist, did not elicit the response. The responses elicited by $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP and UTP, a $P2Y_2R$ agonists, were maintained when extracellular calcium was removed. $10\;{\mu}M$ suramin, a P2XR antagonist, and reactive blue 2, a P2YR antagonist, partially blocked ATP-induced response. However, when extracellular calciums were removed, suramin did not abolish the responses elicited by ATP. These results suggest that P2Rs play an important role in salivary secretion of vEG acinar cells and the effects of ATP on vEG salivary secretion may be mediated by $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$, and/or $P2Y_3$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1985

Intraabdommal abscess usually causes distress with fever, leukocytosis, pain and toxicity. Diagnosis of intraabdominal abscess is occasionally difficult and It has high morbidity. However radiologic method, such as ultrasonography, CT scan, or RI scan are helpful to early detection of intraabdominal abscess. Among these methods, ultrasonography is a non-invasive technique and performed without discomfort to patient. And also differential diagnosis between cystic and solid lesion is very easy and sequential ultrasonography in same patient is valuable for the evaluation of treatment effect. We analyzed the ultrasonic features of 48 cases with intra-abdominal abscesses and the results are as follows; 1. In total 48 cases, the intra-abdominal abscesses were 30 cases, the retroperitoneal abscesses, 5 cases, and the visceral abscesses, 13 cases. 2. The causes of the intra-abdominal abscesses were perforating appendicitis (25 cases), postoperative complications (5 cases), pyogenic and amebic hepatic abscesses (13 cases), and the others (5 cases). 3. Round or oval shaped lesions were 26 cases (54%), irregular shape, 18 cases (38%), and multiple abscess formation in 4 cases (8 %). 4. The size of the lesions were between 5 and 10cm in diameter in 54% of total 48 cases, and the most frequent feature of the echo-pattern of the lesions was cystic with or without internal echogenicity (69%).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.136-140
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• 2014

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by the congenital impairment of mucociliary clearance. When accompanied by situs inversus, chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis, PCD is known as Kartagener syndrome. The main consequence of impaired ciliary function is a reduced mucus clearance from the lungs, and susceptibility to chronic respiratory infections due to opportunistic pathogens, including nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). There has been no report of NTM lung disease combined with Kartagener syndrome in Korea. Here, we report an adult patient with Kartagener syndrome complicated with Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease. A 37-year-old female presented to our hospital with chronic cough and sputum. She was ultimately diagnosed with M. abscessus lung disease and Kartagener syndrome. M. abscessus was repeatedly isolated from sputum specimens collected from the patient, despite prolonged antibiotic treatment. The patient's condition improved and negative sputum culture conversion was achieved after sequential bilateral pulmonary resection.