• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경과학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 1996

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.375-382
• /
• 1999

본 연구는 폐 금속광산으로부터 발생한 중금속이 주변 환경으로 오염 확산되는 특성과 이를 중금속으로 오염된 토양의 효과적인 복원 방안을 모색하기 위하여 토양내 중금속의 거동 특성을 바탕으로 한 반응 특성을 조사하였다. 토양내 중금속의 이동성과 생물에 의한 흡수에 영향을 미치는 화학적 존재 형태를 중금속이 다량 함유되어 있는 충남 청양의 구봉 폐 금광의 광미와 인위적으로 중금속을 오염시킨 농경지 토양에서 중금속의 토양과의 화학적 결합 형태를 연속 축출법에 의해 분리하였으며, 그 순서에 따라 토양 내에서 다음과 같이 용해도와 이동성이 감소한다: Soluble fraction> exchangeable>carbonate>Fe-Mn oxide>organic>residual fraction. 광미중에 결합 부위에 가장 높은 친화력을 보인 Pb는 대부분 Fe-Mn Oxide와 Carbonate fraction에 존재하였고 이 두 Fraction에 각각 48.3%와 26.8% 나타났다. Cu와 Cd는 각각 organic과 carbonate fraction이 71.8% 42.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이들 fraction은 비교적 이동성이 강한 fraction으로 중금 속의 오염 조사시 반드시 평가되어야 하며, 복원방안 결정시 반드시 고려되어야 할 것이다. 중금속을 인위적으로 흡착시킨 토양에 있어서 중금속은 대부분 Exchangeable, carbonate 그리고 Fe-Mn oxide fraction 흡착되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 예산통에 있어서 흡착된 Pb는 이들 fraction에 91%가 존재하였고, Cu는 Fe-Mn Fraction에 30.4% 그리고 Cd는 exchangeable fraction에 67.9% 가 존재하였다. 월곡통에 있어서는 흡착된 Cd는 Exchangeable fraction에 93.2%가 존재하였고, Pb와 Cu는 대부분 exchangeable, carbonate와 Fe-Mn Oxide에 흡착되어 있었다. 따라서 토양내 이들 중금속이 가해질 경우 대부분 독성이 강한 오염원으로서 잠재적인 이동성과 생물학적 흡수가능성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2009

Gelatin hydrolysates with a high inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were fractionated from Alaska pollock surimi refiner discharge. The ACE-inhibitory activity, expressed as $IC_{50}$ (mg/mL), was highest (0.49 mg/mL) in gelatin hydrolysates formed by sequential 2-hr treatments of Pronase and Flavourzyme. After fractionation through four different membrane filters with molecular weight cut-offs of 3, 5, 10, and 30 kDa, the highest ACE-inhibitory activity (0.21 mg/mL) was observed with the 3-kDa filtrate.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1992

In this study , we have investigated leaching characteristics of heavy metals and alkalinity centering around steel mill slags by several extraction methods, for the purpose of risk assessment that exert influence on environment and offer of the foundation data of reuse by slags. Korean standard method, U.S.EPA Extraction Procedure, alkalinity extraction test and 9 step sequential fractionation experiment by Miller et al. were carried out for investigating teachability of steel mill slags. As a result of this experiment, heavy metals were little detected and it was considered that alkalinity does not exert a bad effect around environment in slabs with large particle size. By the result of 9 step fractionation experiment, heavy metal contents in slags were not plentiful, in addition, even comparatively plentiful contended heavy metals, for the most part, were likely to detained or bonded in silica matrix. Therefore, in case of slags with large particle size, it seems that teachability of heavy metals were next to impossible that is existed as a safety condition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.917-922
• /
• 2010

To assess the bioavailability of As in soils and to provide a basic information for adequate management of As contaminated fields, paddy soils and rice grains near 5 closed mines were collected and analyzed for As using sequential extraction procedure. The As contents extracted with 1M HCl against total As content in soils were ranged from 5.4 to 41.9% ($r=0.90^{**}$). However, these two contents of As in soils were not positively correlated with As concentration in rice grains. Major As fractionation of paddy soils was residual form ranging 38.1 to 84.1% except NS mine. Also, specially adsorbed fraction and fraction associated with amorphous Fe and Al oxyhydroxides, which are partially bioavailable As fractionation to the rice plant, were positively correlated with As in rice grains while fraction associated with crystalline Fe and Al oxyhydroxides and residual form were not correlated.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 1998

Contents of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the sediments of Ulsan Bay were investigated by the sequential extraction methods that classifies heavy metals into five types of chemical forms: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and residual. The analytes were determined by using an ICP-MS. Total Cr concentrations in the sediments were in the range of 41.6-96.4, Cu 60.7-680, Zn 189-1954, Cd 33.1-83.4, and Pb 138-567 mg/kg. Results of sequential fractionation indicates that relatively high proportion $(\~44\%)$ of Cu is associated with organic matter A large proportion of Pb is associated with three types of chemical forms: Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter, and residual. There were significant correlation in concentrations between the exchangeable components and total organic carbons. The heavy metals in the residual phase cannot be easily released to the environment since these are bound to the crystal lattice. But, reducible and organic Phases cfn a significant amount of most heavy metals. Therefore. there is potential danger of a substantial amount of metals becoming chemically mobile with environmental changes.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 1993

Contents of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the sediments of Ulsan Bay were investigated by the sequential extraction methods that classifies heavy metals into five types of chemical forms: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and residual. The analyses were determined by using an ICP-MS. Total Cr concentrations in the sediments were in the range of 41.6-96.4, Cu 60.7-680, Zn 189-1954, Cd 33.1-83.4, and Pb 138-567 mg/kg. Results of sequential fractionation indicates that relatively high proportion ( ~44%) of Cu is associated with organic matter. A large proportion of Pb is associated with three types of chemical forms: Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter, and residual. There were significant correlation in concentrations between the exchangeable components and total organic carbons. The heavy metals In the residual phase cannot be easily released to the environment since these are bound to the crystal lattice. But, reducible and organic Phases con a significant amount of most heavy metals. Therefore, there is Potential dancer of a substantial amount of metals becoming chemically mobile with environmental changes.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2009

이 시험은 제주도 화산회토양을 이용하여 Ni, Cu, Zn의 토양중 존재형태를 알아보고 토양 중금속이 청경채의 흡수에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 토양 중 함량을 연속추출법에 의해 알아본 결과 토양 종류마다 각 중금속의 존재형태가 차이가 있었고, 이를 이용하여 토양 종류를 구분할 수 있었다. 중금속 함량이 다른 토양을 이용하여 청경채를 재배했을 경우 Zn, Cu는 뿌리에서 흡수되어 지상부로 이동되었으나 Ni은 지상부에서 거의 검출이 되지 않아 청경채 내에서 미량원소의 이동성이 달랐다. 그러나 토양 중 함량과 청경채의 함량 간에는 치환성 Zn을 제외하고는 상관관계가 없었으며, 특히 Ni은 식물체 내에서 이동도 어려울 뿐만 아니라 토양 중 함량과 상관관계를 내기도 어렵기 때문에 전함량이나 치환성함량 등 지금까지의 방법에 의한 토양 중 함량으로 식물체의 함량을 추정하기에는 매우 어렵다고 판단되므로 새로운 접근방법이 개발될 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 인체의 중금속 흡수에 의한 위해성 평가와 관련해서는 토양 식물체, 식물체 인체 두 단계를 거치게 되는데 각 단계에서 불확실성이 존재하므로 중금속의 기준을 토양 및 식물체 별로 각각 마련하는 것보다는 식물체내 농도만으로 정하는 것도 한가지 해결책이 될 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.6-15
• /
• 2013

The influence of processing fluids and electrode spacing on the electrokinetic process was evaluated to remediate As-, Cu-, Pb-contaminated soil. Single and mixture of sodium citrate, EDTA and NaOH was used to investigate the metal extraction. EDTA for washing reagent showed the highest removal efficiency. Based on the extraction result, the electrode spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) on the electrokinetic process was investigated to remove the multi-metals from soil. The highest removal was observed at the experiment with 60 cm of electrode spacing, however, the correlation between electrode spacing and removal of metals was not clear. The electrode spacing influenced the amount of accumulated electro-osmotic flow. BCR sequential extraction showed that electrokinetic process removed the fractionation of metals bound to Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.212-222
• /
• 2015

Experiments were conducted on the immobilization of eight heavy metals (HMs) (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) during 20-day rotary drum composting of water hyacinth. The Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the fractionation of HMs. The eco-toxicity risk of HMs was assessed by risk assessment code (RAC). In the results, the bioavailability factor (BAF) for different HMs presented in the following order: Mn > Zn = Fe > Cu > Cr > Cd = Pb > Ni. The total concentration of Pb was higher than that of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Cr; however, its BAF was the lowest among these HMs. These results confirmed that the eco-toxicity of HMs depends on bioavailable fractions rather than on the total concentration. The greatest reduction in bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs occurred in lime 1% and 2% as compared to control and lime 3%. The eco-toxicity risk of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr was reduced from low risk to zero risk by rotary drum composting. These studies demonstrated the high efficiency of the rotary drum for degrading compost materials and for reducing the bioavailability and eco-toxicity risk of HMs during the composting process.