• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.361-366
• /
• 2017

Background: In the herbal medicinal industry, Angelica gigas Nakai, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. and Angelica acutiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Kitag. are often confused, because the roots of the three species can not be distinguished by their appearance. This confusion can cause serious side effects. In this study, we determined the origins of Angelica roots distributed in the Korean market using the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed based on the A. gigas chloroplast DNA sequence. Methods and Results: We collected twenty seven A. gigas and three A. acutiloba samples from the Seoul, Daegu, and Cheongju herbal medicinal markets. Fifty sections of one collection were mixed and ground to make a powder, which was used for DNA extraction using the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Chloroplast based SSR markers were applied to the DNA for the determination of the species. In addition, polymorphism was found in eight samples. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the A. gigas roots collected from herbal medicinal markets were clearly discriminated from A. sinensis and A. acutiloba even though they were grouped into four clusters. Conclusions: This study showed that chloroplast based SSR markers would help the discrimination of Angelica roots in the Korean herbal medicinal industry and the markers are useful to prevent confusion between Angelica roots.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.149-176
• /
• 2001

This paper analyzes job sequences of men and women using optimal matching in order to find patterns of intra-generational mobility in Korean society. Men and women differ in their job careers: men show long-lasting job sequences with few gaps, while women either have short careers or have interrupted careers with long gaps. Long gaps in men's career are limited to those cases in which men move from agricultural to other job. The results from a combination of optimal matching and cluster analysis show that men's job sequences cluster around major occupations while women's cluster in terms of sequence length. The interrupted careers characteristic of women are considered to be consequent on the burdens of house keeping and child raising together with the discrimination against women pursuing careers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.5 no.12
• /
• pp.2340-2354
• /
• 2011

A new and secure image steganographic scheme based on nonuniform discrete Fourier transform (NDFT) is proposed in this paper. First, the chaotic system is introduced to select embedding points randomly in NDFT domain suitable range, and NDFT is implemented on every non-overlapping block of eight consecutive pixels. Second, the secret messages are scrambled by chaotic systems, and embedded into frequency coefficients by quantization method. The stego-image is obtained by inverse NDFT (INDFT). Besides, in order to discriminate tampers, the low frequency wavelet coefficients of 7 most significant bits (MSBs) of the stego-image are converted into the binary sequence after nonuniform scalar quantization. Then the obtained binary sequence is scrambled by the chaotic systems, and embedded into the least significant bit (LSB) of the stego-image. Finally, the watermarked stego-image can be obtained by a new improved LSB steganographic method. The embedded secret messages can be extracted from the watermarked stego-image without the original cover image. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed scheme, and dual statistics attacks are also conducted to indicate the security.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.411-417
• /
• 2006

We have developed a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker that can distinguish male-fertile (N) and male-sterile (S) cytoplasm in onions. The PCR-RFLP marker was located in a chloroplast psbA gene amplicon. Digesting the amplicons from different cytoplasm-containing varieties with the restriction enzyme MspI revealed that N-cytoplasm plants have a functional MspI site (CCGG), whereas the S-cytoplasm plants has a substitution in that site (CTGG), and thus no MspI target. The results obtained using this PCR-RFLP marker to distinguish between cytoplasmic male sterile factors in 35 onion varieties corresponded with those using a CMS-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Moreover, the PCR-RFLP marker can identify N- ot S-cytoplasms in DNA sample mixtures in which they are in up to a 10-fold minority, indicating that use of the marker has high diagnostic precision. We also demonstrated the usefulness of the SNP detected in the psbA gene for high-throughput discrimination of CMS factors using Real-time PCR and a TaqMan probe assay.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.228-235
• /
• 2008

Thiol-dependent redox systems are involved in regulation of diverse biological processes, such as response to stress, signal transduction, and protein folding. The thiol-based redox control is provided by mechanistically similar, but structurally distinct families of enzymes known as thiol oxidoreductases. Many such enzymes have been characterized, but identities and functions of the entire sets of thiol oxidoreductases in organisms are not known. Extreme sequence and structural divergence makes identification of these proteins difficult. Thiol oxidoreductases contain a redox-active cysteine residue, or its functional analog selenocysteine, in their active sites. Here, we describe computational methods for in silico prediction of thiol oxidoreductases in nucleotide and protein sequence databases and identification of their redox-active cysteines. We discuss different functional categories of cysteine residues, describe methods for discrimination between catalytic and noncatalytic and between redox and non-redox cysteine residues and highlight unique properties of the redox-active cysteines based on evolutionary conservation, secondary and three-dimensional structures, and sporadic replacement of cysteines with catalytically superior selenocysteine residues.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2011

The genome of a potyvirus isolate associated with chlorotic spots and vein banding symptoms on Spathiphyllum spp., in Andhra Pradesh state, India was amplified by RT-PCR using degenerate potyvirus primers, amplicons cloned, and sequence (1.6 kb) analyzed. This virus isolate shared maximum identity of 74.8% and 80.2% at coat protein (CP) gene nucleotide (906 nucleotides) and amino acid (302 amino acids) levels, respectively with Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)-M13 isolate reported from China. But its 3'-UTR (258 nucleotides) had maximum identity of 62.5% with DsMV-Vietnam isolate. The deduced molecular weight of CP is 33.57 kDa and it contained DAG triplet in its N-terminal region. In CP amino acid based phylogenetic analysis, this virus isolate represented a separate branch but closer to DsMV isolates cluster. Based on the molecular criteria set for the discrimination of species and genus in the Potyviridae family, the present virus isolate was identified as a distinct virus species in the genus Potyvirus and proposed the name Spathiphyllum chlorotic vein banding virus (SCVbV).

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.336-340
• /
• 2021

The cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker uses a restriction enzyme recognition site resulting from single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions and deletions on the DNA sequence. This technique does not require expensive equipment, the process is simple, and clear results can be obtained reliably. In this study, Agaricus bisporus cultivars SaeA, SaeDo, SaeHan, SaeYeon, SaeJeong, Dodam, Seolgang, Dahyang, Hogam, and Hadam developed in Korea were discriminated using four CAPS markers. Our results indicated that it is possible to distinguish the ten cultivars and determine the genetic diversity among them.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 1997

Of all HLA class I molecules, HLA-C gene products are most poorly understood because they express at a low level on the cell surface compared to HLA-A and -B. In order to identify serologically detectable and undetectable HLA-C antigens, we have established a DNA-based tissue typing method for the HLA-C locus by PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers). Genomic DNA prepared from Iymphoblastoid 21 B-cell lines and 120 Korean individuals by proteinase K digestion and pheno/chloroform extractions have been typed by PCR-SSP (23 primer mixes were used). The PCR-SSP results of control cell lines were discrepant from serology in 1 case among 21 cases: Cw6 which was negative by serology but positive by PCR-SSP (cell line: MANIKA). Twenty four HLA-Cw "blank" antigens among fifty Korean individuals were completely determined by PCR-SSP DNA typing. HLA-Cw*0101 (15.3%), Cw*1401 (12.3%) and Cw*0701 (11.7%) alleles were frequently found in 120 Korean individual samples. In conclusion. the high level of discrimination for HLA-C alleles may prove useful and informative in the study of transplant survival, and identify the importance of allelic differences, not readily detectable by serology, on host and donor compatibility.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2007

After a serial study on the therapeutic efficacy of the powdery silkworm for diabetics was positively resulted in, many powdery silkworm products were on the market in Korea. Up to now, however, no causal method is available to discriminate the strain of silkworms that is a major ingredient for manufacturing powdery silkworm, even though the quality of the powdery silkworm differs greatly by source and origin of strains. We previously were successful in identifying 25 silkworm strains kept in Korea using nine intronic sequences. In this study, we tested the utility of the nine intronic sequences to distinguish the most widely reared silkworm strains originated from Korea and China. Two intron regions, PTTH Intron3 and PTTH Intron3, showed a substantial sequence divergence (mean sequence divergence of 3.13% in PTTH Intron3 and 4.99% in PTTH Intron3). These two intronic sequences provided no identical sequences among the seven strains tested. Thus, these sequences each along can be used to discriminate the seven strains tested in this study. Furthermore, other intron regions, except for VDP Intron4 allowed us to discriminate $2{\sim}4$ strains by strain-specific unique insertion/deletion or substitution.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 2010

This study describes an efficient approach to the development of DNA markers for use in distinguishing the Scrophularia species that have been used as useful medicinal crops. In order to distinguish Scrophularia species, DNA sequences of rpl-5 region in mitochondrial DNA of Scrophularia species were analysed for detecting sequence variations, and the PCR-RFLP method was applied for developing practicable DNA marker patterns. Several DNA variations were detected by the sequence comparison of rpl-5 region among Scrophularia species. Genetic relationship analysis of Scrophularia species was carried out based on these DNA variations. DNA variations of rpl-5 region were revealed that it was significantly efficient in genetic relationship analysis of Scrophularia species. In addition, Scrophularia species tested in this study were completely discriminated by four polymorphic genotypes by PCR-RFLP combined with Tsp509 I (^AATT) restriction enzyme. Our results suggested that DNA sequence variations of rpl-5 region were sufficiently useful for genetic relationship analysis of Scrophularia species. Polymorphic genotypes by PCR-RFLP using the Tsp509 I enzyme will be useful for discrimination of Scrophularia species as a practicable DNA markers.