• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2005

지면 근처에 존재하는 뭉뚝한 물체의 유동장 이해는 자동차 및 항공 업계에 매우 중요한 분야이다. 이를 위해 비압축성 평균 Navier-Stokes 방정식에 $\varepsilon{-SST}$ 난류 모델을 적용하여 정사각주와 이동 지면의 간극 유동을 해석하였다. 비정상 진동을 억제하기 위하여 사각주 하부에 수직/수평의 펜스 설치 효과를 연구하였다. 지면이 운동할 경우에는 지면의 박리 전단층의 강도가 약화되어 사각주 상/하부의 박리 전단층 상호 작용을 촉진시키므로 고정 지면에 비하여 더 낮은 간극에서도 와류 배출이 발생한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제29권11호
• /
• pp.1199-1208
• /
• 2005

The flow fields including velocities, turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy were investigated using particle image velocimetry(PIV) to study the flow characteristics around two square cylinders in a tandem arrangement. The experiments were carried out in the range of the spacing from 1.0 to 4.0 widths of cylinder, Reynolds number of 5.3$\times$10$^{3}$ and 1.6$\times$10$^{4}$ respectively. Discontinuous jumping at the drag coefficient variation was found for two cylinders simultaneously when the spacing between two cylinders is varied. This phenomenon is attributed to a sudden change of the flow pattern which depends on the reattachment of the shear layer separated from the upstream cylinder. Near such a critical spacing, the changes of the flow fields as well as the effect of Reynolds number were studied in detail.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2012

The presence of a layer of vegetation which is relevant in river engineering or coastal engineering can modify the overall flow resistance, turbulent characteristics of flow. The patch of vegetation can be modelled and studied in a simple porous cylinder by previous researchers. Fully three dimensional Large Eddy Simulation is conducted in flow past a porous cylinder with a solid volume fraction (SVF) 0f 20%. The porous cylinder of diameter D contains 89 smaller cylinders which diameter is 0.048D in a regular staggered way. Reynolds number based on porous cylinder diameter D and the bulk velocity is 10,000. The large scale shedding is qualitatively similar to the one observed in the non-porous case (SVF=100%). The difference in the dynamics of the separated shear layer and the streamwise flow penetrating through the porous cylinder are compared with those in the non-porous cylinder. In particular, the wake billows form a larger distance from the back of the porous cylinder.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제54권8호
• /
• pp.553-566
• /
• 2021

하천 합류부는 두 개의 수체가 만나 전단층을 이루고 전단층을 따라 강한 혼합양상을 보이는 특징이 있다. 자연하천에서 합류하는 대비되는 두 하천의 색은 전단층을 따라 구분될 수 있는데, 이는 위성 또는 무인항공체를 이용해 촬영된 항공영상을 통해 쉽게 관측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 취득 비용이 저렴한 RGB 항공 영상을 이용해 합류부에서 발생하는 전단층을 추출하고 전단층 주변의 기하학적 특성을 정량적으로 산정하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 방법은 네 단계로 구분된다. 첫 번째로, 합류부 흐름에서 전단층 추출을 위해 가우시안 혼합 모형을 바탕으로 한 영상 분할을 수행하여 본류와 지류가 포함된 픽셀을 추출해낸다. 다음으로 추출된 하천 수역에 자기조직화지도를 적용해 하천의유선을 1차원 곡선으로 단순화한다. 추출된 수체 영역과 1차원 곡선들을 이용해 본류와 지류의 수역을 이미지상 직교좌표계에서 곡선좌표계로 투영한 뒤, 마지막으로 전단층의 기하학적 특성을 산정한다. 결과적으로 개발된 전단층 추출법을 경상남도의 낙동강과 남강의 합류부가 촬영된 위성 영상에 적용하여 자연하천 합류부의 기하학적 특성인 합류각, 합류하는 두 하천의 상하류 하천 폭, 전단층의 길이, 그리고 전단층의 최대 두께를 각각 정량적으로 추출하는 데에 성공하였다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2006

This paper describes the characteristics of the fluctuating lift forces when a circular cylinder vibrates in the cross-flow direction. The response characteristics on elastically supported the circular cylinder was first examined by a free-vibration test. Next, flow-induced vibrations obtained by the free-vibration test were reproduced by a forced-vibration test, and then the characteristics of the fluctuating lift forces, the work done by the fluctuating lift, the behavior of the rolling-up of the separated shear layers were investigated on the basis of the visualized flow patterns. The main findings were that (i) the fluctuating lift forces become considerably large than those of a stationary circular cylinder, (ii) negative pressure generates on the surface of the circular cylinder when the rolling-up of separated shear layer begins, (iii) the phase between the fluctuating lift force and the cylinder displacement changes abruptly as the reduced velocity $U_r$ increases, and (iv) whether the generating cross-flow vibration becomes divergent or convergent can be described based on the work done by the fluctuating lift force. Furthermore, it was found that the generation of cross-flow vibration can be perfectly suppressed when the small tripping rods are installed on the surface of the circular cylinder.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
• /
• pp.506-511
• /
• 2001

This paper presents how redevelopment of the boundary layer in a backward-facing step flow is affected by boundary conditions imposed on velocity at the inlet, top and exit of the flow. A two-dimensional, laminar, incompressible flow over a backward-facing step with an open top boundary has been computed by using numerical methods of second-order time and spatial accuracy and a fractional-step method that guarantees a divergence-free velocity field at all time. The inlet velocity profile above the step is of Blasius type. Along the top boundary, shear-tree and Dirichlet conditions on the streamwise velocity were considered and at the exit fully-developed and convective boundary conditions were examined. (The vertical velocity at all boundaries were assumed to be zero explicitly or implicitly.) From the computed flow fields, the reattachment on the bottom side of shear layer separated from the tip of the step and succeeding redevelopment of the boundary layer were investigated.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2009

Jets issuing through small holes in a wall into a freestream has proven effective in the control of flow separation. This technique is known as the vortex generator jet (VGJs) method. If a precursor signal of separation is found, the separation control system using VGJs can be operated just before the onset of separation and the flow field with no separation is always attained. In this study, we measured the flow field and the wall static pressure in a two-dimensional diffuser to find a precursor signal of flow separation. The streamwise velocity measurements were carried out in the separated shear layer and spectral analysis was applied to the velocity fluctuations at some angles with respect to the diffuser. The pattern of peaks in the spectral analysis changes as the divergence angle increases over the angle of which the whole separation occurs. This change in the spectral pattern is related to the enhancement of the growth of shear layer vortices and appears just before the onset of separation. Therefore, the growth of shear layer vortices can be regarded as a precursor signal to flow separation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 추계 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.11-12
• /
• 2006

We conducted a direct numerical simulation (DNS) to establish database for the purpose of improvement of practical method which is applicable to cavitating turbulent flows. Cavitations caused by spanwise and streamwise vortices, which are typical features in high shear layer, is represented by a simple model and interaction between vortices and cavities is reproduced. The qualitative agreement between computation and experiment are reasonable. Cavities due to streamwise vortices in a shear layer seem to attenuate turbulent eddies.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 해양환경안전학회 2005년도 추계학술대회지
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2005

표면에 부착된 수직벽 후방의 난류전단흐름을 입자영상유속계를 이용하여 조사하였다. 하부 틈새를 갖는 수직벽 후류영역에서는 박리 후 비정상적인(unsteady) 재순환 영역이 형성되었으며, 약 x=3H위치에서 전단층의 재부착 및 난류경계층으로의 재발달 과정이 나타났다. 수직벽 직전의 오목한(concave) 유선곡률과 수직벽 후방의 볼록한(convex)유선곡률의 영향은 수직벽 주위에서 가장 크게 나타나고, 하류로 나아감에 따라 전단층 주위 유체의 유입 등으로 그 영향이 박리 전단층 내에서 커다란 와구조가 연속적으로 발생하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.152-158
• /
• 2007

Most of experimental visualizations and numerical results on the flow field separated form a leading edge around an unsteady foil show a continuous streakline from the leading edge and large reverse flow between the streakline and the suction surface. However, they have not exactly clarified yet the dynamic behavior of vortices separated from the leading edge because separation around an unsteady foil is very complicated phenomenon due to many parameters. In the present study the flow fields around pitching foils have been visualized by using a Schlieren method with a high speed camera in a wind tunnel at low Reynolds number regions. It has been observed that small vortices are shed discretely from the leading and trailing edge and that they stand in line on the integrated streakline of separation shear layer. By counting vortices in the VTR frames it was clarified that the number of vortex shedding from the leading and trailing edge during one pitching cycle strongly depends on the non-dimensional pitching rate. Futhermore the vortices moving up to the leading edge on the suction surface of the pitching foil are visualized. They play an important role to balance the number of vortex shedding from both edges.