• 오토저널
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1984

Numerical calculation of the flow field past a passenger car was carried out by using a panel method with a small computer of 5Mbyte memory size. The shape of car body was simplified and reconstructed by 2180 panels on which a constant strength sink (or source) was distributed. The separation of flow from the surface and the wake flow were not considered in the calculation because of the computer memory limitation. All of the results of calculation were presented by using a 3-dimensional computer graphics. In spite of small memory size of computer, generally good agreements were obtained, except the separated region, from the comparison of pressure distribution between numerical analysis and wind tunnel experiment with 1/5 scaled model.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2002

An experimental study was made of turbulent separated and reattaching flow over a blunt body, where unsteady wake was generated by a spoke wheel-type wake generator with cylindrical rods. The influence of unsteady wake was scrutinized by altering the rotating direction (CW and CCW) and the normalized passing frequency (0 St$\_$H/ 0.20). The Reynolds number based on the cylindrical rod was Re$\_$d/=375. A phase-averaging technique was employed to characterize the unsteady wake. The effect of different rotating directions was examined in detail, which gave a significant reduction of x$\_$R/. The wall pressure fluctuations on the blunt body were analysed in terms of the spectrum and the coherence.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1376-1384
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 산업용 CT 볼륨데이터에서 템플릿 매칭을 통하여 제품의 이물질을 자동 검출하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안방법은 다음과 같은 세 단계로 이루어진다. 첫째, 다운 샘플링 데이터에서 잡음제거 후 제품을 배경과 분리하고, 영상의 평균값 및 표준편차를 이용하여 초기 이물질 후보를 추출한 후, K-평균 클러스터링을 이용하여 이물질 후보를 추출한다. 둘째, 템플릿 매칭을 이용하여 제품과 유사도가 다른 이물질을 검출한다. 이 때, 검출하고자 하는 이물질의 크기에 따라 밝기값평균차이(SSD)와 조인트 엔트로피를 이용한 유사도 평가를 통하여 이물질을 검출한다. 셋째, 원 볼륨데이터에서 이물질 검출률을 개선하기 위하여 여과기법으로 제품의 이물질을 최종 검출한다. 본 제안 방법의 결과를 평가하기 위해 산업용 CT 볼륨데이터와 시뮬레이션 데이터를 사용하여 육안평가, 정확성 평가와 수행시간 측정을 수행하였다. 정확성 평가를 위하여 기존 밝기값 기반 검출 기법을 비교방법으로 사용하고, 다이스 계수 유사도를 측정하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.734-738
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• 2008

Ettringite$(3CaO{\cdot}Al_2O_3{\cdot}3CaSO_4{\cdot}32H_2O)$, one of the hydrated phase of Portland cement is usually formed in the early stage of hydration by the reaction of tricalciumaluminate$(C_3A)$ and gypsum. The rapid and strong crystal growth of separated rod-shaped ettringite have been utilized for the preparation of special cements of rapid setting, high strength and non-shrinking properties. The ettringite also has been noticed as a promising materials for the immobilization of various waste ions because of its unique crystal structure which has abundant channels and exchangeable ionic compounds. In this study, the formation and growth behavior of the ettringite was investigated in the system $C_3A-CaSO_4-H_2O$ using $C_3A$ clinker and gypsum to obtain a microporous body for waste ion immobilization. Ettringite was revealed to form by the dissolution-precipitation mechanism and the bulk body was by the entangled growth of rod-shaped ettringite crystals. The hardened body was composed of nearly pure rod-shaped ettringite interlocked each other with adequate mechanical strength. The homogeneity of structure, pore size, specific surface area and porosity of the hardened body were influenced by reaction temperature, water/powder ratio and the curing time. The hardened body prepared with water/powder ratio of 1 at $24^{\circ}C$ for one day showed excellent morphological properties for the purposed materials.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2006

Chang San-roe re-explained the contents from the 30th question to the 47th question of "Nan Jing" which refered to the Chang-Pu and physiological theories as follows through the western theory which wss different from the tranditioonal chinese theory 1. "Nan Jing" refered to the circulation and the coming into being of Yeong-Wi. He denied that it was classified Yeong from Wi or Eum from Yang. 2. He denied that Sam-Cho was separated to three parts and the theory of "Sam-Cho is name only, not shape", using western medical theory. 3. He denied the view about "Left side is kidney, right side is Myung-Mun" because it was incorrect that kidney was separated to two parts which were Su and Hwa or Eum and Yang 4. Re-explaining the contents of "Nan Jing"- the portions of heart and lungs, the rising and falling of liver and lungs, the relationships of five viscera and sound color smell taste fluid, the relationships of five viscera and nine hole, the relationships of five viscera and O-Chu, the physiological difference of the old and the young owing to the deflection of Yeong-Wi Chi-Heol- he thought that viewing the human body using theory of Eum and Yang, Five elements(五行) was a far-fetched interpretation, so he denied the tranditional chinese theory which understood human body's organs, physiology, pathology. 5. He explained the contents of "Nan Jing"- the portions of the colon and the small intestines, the funtion of the six bowls, the corespondence of Chang-Pu, physical peculiarity of liver, the anatomical aspects which were the sizes, weights, volumes and shapes of the Chang-Pu and the alimentary canal, Chil-Chung-Mun, Pal-Hoe-Hyeolthrough western anatomy and physiology in detail.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.893-907
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• 2001

The main purpose is to study the effects of princess lines on different body types and to disguise any imperfection by using diverse princess lines. We separated testers body shapes into specific body types, H, Y by applying both the direct and the indirect measurements. These designs were evaluated by using the point ranking system method, and then average scores were obtained from these evaluations. Following are the results of the study: 1 These are the resulting illusion effects when the shoulder width of the Princess line was fixed. When the Princess line originated from 1/3 point of the armhole, body types Y appeared to show narrow waist width. A-line silhouette appeared to display the narrowest shoulder width. When the Princess line originated from 2/3 point of the armhole, body types H and Y appeared to exhibit narrowest waist widths, and the A-line silhouette once again displayed the narrowest shoulder width. When the Princess line originated from 1/2 point of the armhole, body type H appeared to exhibit narrow width; and H-line silhouette displayed the narrowest shoulder width 2. When the Princess lines waist w'4th was fixed in order to study illusion effects of waist widths. In this experiment, locations of Princess lines and widths of the skirt were varied. When the waist width was fixed at 6.5 cm, For the H body type, the Princess line location of 1/3 point of the armhole in H-line silhouette design exhibited the narrowest waist width. For the Y body type in A-line silhouette design, the Princess line locations of 1/3 and 1/2 points of the armhole exhibited the narrowest waist width because it displayed the hourglass effect. When the waist width was fixed at 10 cm, H body type did not exhibit any significant differences between designs. For Y body type, A-line silhouette design with the Princess line origination point at 1/3 down the armhole exhibited the narrowest waist width. 3. The illusion effects of the hip were studied by fixating the width of the skirt and varying the locations of Princess line and waist widths. In H-line skirt silhouette designs, all two body types exhibited narrow hips when the Princess line origination points were at 1/3 and 1/2 way down the armhole. For A-line skirt silhouette, H body type exhibited narrow hips when narrow waist design with the Princess line originating from 1/2 point in the shoulder was shown. Y body type exhibited narrow hips when narrow waist design with the Princess line originating from 1/3 point of the armhole and 2/3 point of the shoulder. 4. With both waist and skirt widths fixed, all two body types exhibited taller and slender postures when the Princess line originated from the shoulder compare to the armhole.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to review the expressive effect of fashion illustrations and to enlarge its expressive range by analysing the correlations between fashion illustrations and surrealistic expressive characteristics. The results are as follows. The surrealistic expressive methods of fashion illustration such as depaysement and automatism have been used by many foreign and domestic fashion illustrators. I think that these methods reinforce the subjective aspect of expressive effects and enlarge the transmitting function of fashion message. The elements of expression are divided into color, texture, shape/form and space. Subjective colors rather than natural colors are used for the surrealistic expressive effect of color in fashion illustrations, and illusion of space is expressed by the change of brightness. The surrealistic expressive effect in fashion illustrations distorted the experience of factual texture and disturbed the visual texture. The use of tactile texture presented strange effects perspectively. The objects of shape in fashion illustrations were mainly human body. The form of human body presents reconstituted and reinterpreted figure by transformation or distortion according to the intention of the artist rather than realistic and physical form. In fashion illustration, the transformation of the human body itself whose body parts get separated, superposition of exterior material and human body, and the distortion of human body by the change are done. Space is where background and shapes are inter-penetrated because they are ambiguous and untransparent, and where all are in disorder and unbalance. The method of projection uses distance perspective, multiple perspective and amplified perspective representation, and forms a psychological space feeling. And I think the use of surrealistic expressive methods are very useful for the subjective sensitiveness and the transmission of a fashion message, and presents a possibility to develop a new expressive method.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2015

본 연구는 균형 운동시스템을 사용한 고령자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 운동시스템 및 하지 균형의 사용성 평가를 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 대상자(고령자)들이 가장 불편한 신체부위인 하지의 균형을 증진하기 위한 운동시스템을 9주 동안 사용하였으며, 정기적인 기간동안 조사한 사용성 평가 결과를 분석하였다. 대상자(고령자)들은 사용한 운동시스템에 관한 문항과 하지 균형에 관한 문항으로 구분하여 응답을 하였다. 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 콘텐츠와 연동된 균형 운동시스템은 단순동작의 반복 보다는 개인별 맞춤 운동이 가능하며 그로 인해 균형 유지가 개선되었음을 알 수 있다. 또한 신체 움직임 중에서 하체의 불편함이 운동을 통해 개선되어 고령자의 일상생활 활동과 삶의 질 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2007

A 7-year-old, intact female Korean Jindo dog was referred due to ataxia and pain on palpation of the thorax. Radiograph, echocardiography and computed tomogram revealed a mass on the heart base region and osteolytic change of fifth thoracic (T5) vertebra. At necropsy, a firm, encapsulated and round mass was seen arising from the heart base region surrounding the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. Histopathologically, nests of cuboidal and polyhedral cells having abundantly granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm with round to oval nucleus were separated by fibrous septa. Immunohistochemistry using chromogranin A revealed that tumor cells were originated from neuroendocrine organ and metastasized into some organs including lung, spleen, liver, kidney and T5 vertebra. By electron microscopy, we found the electron-dense and membrane-bound granules in cytoplasm of the tumor cells. This study provides the uncommon evidence that aortic body tumor metastasized to both multiple organs and bone.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1613-1623
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• 1996

In this paper, two discretization methods, hybrid and QUICK, are tested for the Navier-Stokes equations written in general nonorthogonal body fitted coordinates. Comparison is made by calculating two laminar flows at low Reynolds numbers of 10 - 100. One is a two-dimensional channel of gradually expanding cross section and the other is an axisymmetric flow through a circular tube having a circular constriction. Results show that the QUICK scheme results in a numerical solution more accurate than that of hybrid. The QUICK scheme also shows faster convergence for both test cases. As the number of grid points increases, all numerical solutions converge with more oscillation. The number of grid points in the y-direction(cross stream direction) is also shown to play a significant role in the approximation of convection term within separated flow zone.