• 국토계획
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

The Legal Floor Area Ratio (L-FAR) has been used as a major urban planning tool for efficient management of land use, landscape, and density. The Developed Floor Area Ratio (D-FAR) in each parcel is realized by such physical and institutional factors as urban tissue, local characteristics, and zoning with the L-FAR. The Achieved Floor Area Ratio (A-FAR), the ratio of the D-FAR to the L-FAR, is the relationship between realized density and the intended/desired outcomes of the regulations. The A-FAR informs the efficiency of L-FAR and its effect on parcels, and is an indicator of the demands of real estate developments under the zoning regulation. This study used detailed data of each parcel's characteristics, including parcel size, road width, and the number of roads bordered by a parcel, to identify the influencing factors on A-FAR. This analysis confirmed that the parcel size has a non-linear negative effect in the residential zone but a linear positive effect on A-FAR in the commercial zone. The width of the parcel's frontage in the commercial zone has a positive effect on the value, while in the residential zone the narrower width has higher A-FAR. In Seoul, the residential zone has higher A-FAR than the commercial zone, which means that the former has a relatively higher development pressure but a lower designated L-FAR. This result reflects that Seoul's residential zone absorbs the demand of commercial uses because of the significant permitting of mixed land use and has high-density residential buildings.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

The main investigation of this thesis is about the comparative analysis of the fashion style preferences in the ages of 20-30 women, according to the style, by researching the area of Dalian and Seoul, represented as outstanding fashion cities in north eastern area. Both taking pictures and recording camcoders were performed at the famous fashion street in Seoul and Dalian. The period of investigation was from 24th of July to 2nd of August 2008. The result of research are as follows. Generally, the casual style was predominant in both area. The jean casual in Seoul was somewhat tidy and conservative, while that in Dalian showed the tendency of boldly exposed their body. In terms of easy casual, T-shirts and mini-tight skirt were preferred in Seoul, while T-shirts and midi-flare skirt was popular in Dalian. In Seoul, the blouse and mini skirt were in vogue, while one-piece dress, blouse and 5/7/9 length pants were prevalent in Dalian, in case of romantic style. The sports casual was relatively low in frequency in both areas, however, it was relatively more popular in Dalian than in Seoul. The frequency of classic style was similar in both areas. The T-shirts/blouse and Chanel-line skirt were preferred in Seoul, while the combination of jacket/shirts and full-length straight pants were preferred in Dalian. The one-piece dress was predominant in feminine style, the combination of mini one-piece dress and shoulder bag prevalent in Seoul, while the combination of Chanel-line one-piece dress designed as boldly exposed body was popular in Dalian, which shows the tendency of sexy, feminine style. The clear contrast or differences of street styles in Seoul and Dalian would become evident by this research. The continuous investigations into the various regions of China would be expected as an important measure for the successful launching into the Chinese fashion market.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 1998

본 논문은 1990년대의 서울 중심업무지구의 경계를 설정하고 그 내부 소구역의 기능상의 특성 및 내부구조를 밝힌 연구이다. 서울은 한국 자본주의의 중심이며 그 중요 기능은 서울중에서도 도심부에 집적되어 있다. 서울 도심부의 위치는 종로${\cdot}$중구를 중심으로 하는 곳이다. 도심부의 평면적 범위는 고층화, 도심재개발, 부심의 성장, 대기업화, 다지역 기업 체제의 할성화 및 도심기능의 입지상 공간적 제약으로 그다지 확대되지 않았지만, 고차적인 도심기능은 더욱 집중되고 있다. 서울 도심의 내부구조는 핵심부, 소매업 특화지구, 사무실 특화지구, 서비스 특화지구, 제조업 특화지구 등 몇 개의 기능상의 특화지고로 구분되며, 이들 기능지구들이 상호의존적으로 결합되어 있으며, 발생적으로는 서울의 도시발달의 과정을 고려해야 그 특성이 파악된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2018

Purpose: Clinicians must examine tooth wear to make a proper diagnosis. However, qualitative methosds of measuring tooth wear have many disadvantages. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate quantitative parameters using the cusp area and volume of virtual dental models. Methods: The subjects of this study were the same virtual models that were used in our former study. The same age group classification and new tooth wear index (NTWI) scoring system were also reused. A virtual occlusal plane was generated with the highest cusp points and lowered vertically from 0.2 to 0.8 mm to create offset planes. The area and volume of each cusp was then measured and added together. In addition to the former analysis, the differential features of each cusp were analyzed. Results: The scores of the new parameters differentiated the age and NTWI groups better than those analyzed in the former study. The Spearman ${\rho}$ coefficients between the total area and the area of each cusp also showed higher scores at the levels of 0.6 mm (0.6A) and 0.8A. The mesiolingual cusp (MLC) showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.01) from the other cusps in the paired t-test. Additionally, the MLC exhibited the highest percentage of change at 0.6A in some age and NTWI groups. Regarding the age groups, the MLC showed the highest score in groups 1 and 2. For the NTWI groups, the MLC was not significantly different in groups 3 and 4. These results support the proposal that the lingual cusp exhibits rapid wear because it serves as a functional cusp. Conclusions: Although this study has limitations due to its cross-sectional nature, it suggests better quantitative parameters and analytical tools for the characteristics of cusp wear.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2014

수도권 광역급행철도 사업의 추진에 따라 해당 사업의 수요분석에 있어서 철도역의 영향권 설정 문제가 대두되었다. 이에 본 연구는 수도권 광역급행철도의 특성에 부합하는 철도역 영향권 설정방안을 제시하였다. 선행연구 및 접근통행 실태조사를 통해 노선의 특성 및 접근수단에 따라 영향권이 달라질 수 있음을 확인하였고, 광역급행철도를 별도의 수단으로 하는 수단선택모형을 구축하고 수단별 접근시간 모수추정치를 비교하였다. 이를 통해 광역급행철도의 영향권이 기존 광역도시철도에 비해 2.5배 가량 확대될 수 있음을 보였다. 이는 수요분석에 있어서 10% 이상의 차이를 낼 수 있어서 향후 수도권 광역급행철도의 합리적 수요분석을 위해서는 확대된 영향권의 설정이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

To provide more accurate and reliable positioning and timing services to Korean nationwide users, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Korea is implementing Korean NDGPS (Nationwide DGPS), which is operational partly. And it also has a plan to construct WADGPS (Wide Area Differential GPS) system using sites and equipments of the NDGPS reference stations. For that, Seoul National University GNSS Laboratory is implementing and testing prototypes of WRS (Wide-area Reference Station) and WMS (Wide-area Master Station). Until now, because there are not enough installed WRSs to be used for computing wide area correction information, we cannot test algorithms of WMS with the data processed actually in WRSs. Therefore to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, we made a MATLAB program which can process RINEX (Receiver INdependent Exchange) format data with WADGPS algorithm. Using that program which consists of WRS, WMS and USER modules, we processed the data collected at NDGPS reference stations, which are saved in RINEX format. In WRS module, we eliminate the atmospheric delay error from the pseudorange measurement, smooth the measurement by hatch filter and calculate pseudorange corrections for each satellite. WMS module collects the processed data from each reference stations to generate the wide area correction information including estimated satellite ephemeris errors, ionospheric delays at each grid point, UDRE (User Differential Range Error), GIVE (Grid Ionosphere Vertical Error) and so on. In USER part, we use the measurements of reference stations as those of users and estimate the corrected users' positions and protection levels (HPL, VPL). With the results of estimation, we analyzed the performance of the algorithms. We assured the estimated UDRE /GIVE values and the protection levels bound the corresponding errors effectively. In this research, we can expect the possible performance of WADGPS in Korea, and the developed modules will be useful to implementation and improvement of the algorithms.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.104-126
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the stress distribution and displacement developed in the abutment teeth and residual ridge area by madibular unilateral distal extension removable partial denture with 2 different retainer designs. The retainers on right and left canine and right 2nd molar were Alters clasp in one model and telescopic crown in the other model. The stress distribution of abutment teeth and residual ridge area on two model were compared and analyzed with 3-dimensional finite element method. 150N and 400N forces were applied vertically, 30 degree and horizontally on the central fossa area of left 1st molar of the removable partial denture, and then stress distribution patterns were analyzed and compared. The results were as follows 1. As the magnitude and angulation of applied force were increased, the magnitude of stress on the right and central residual ridge area and the right canine of the telescopic type increased and comparing to those of the Alters clasp type. 2. As the magnitude and angulation of applied force were increased, the mesial direction of displacement on the right residual ridge area and the right tooth of the telescopic type increased and the distal direction of displacement on left residual ridge area and the left canine increased comparing to those of Akers clasp type. 3. As the vertical force was applied, the distal direction of the displacement of the right tooth were greater and that of the left canine was smaller and the upward displacement of the right canine was greater in telescopic partial denture than those of Akers clasp type. 4. As the 30 degree force was applied, the mesial direction of the displacement of the right tooth were greater and the distal direction of the displacement of the left canine was smaller and the upward displacement of the right canine was greater in telescopic partial denture than those of Akers clasp type. In the horizontal force the results were same in right area tooth but the distal direction of displacement was greater in left canine. 5. In both removable partial dentures, as the magnitude and degree of force were increased, the stress and displacement were increased. The compressive force was dominative than the ten sile force. 6. In both removable partial dentures, the magnitude of stress was greater on mucosal tissue area than that of the alveolar bone area on distal extension residual ridge area but the result was reversed on anterior residual ridge area. The displacement was always greater on mucosal tissue area than that of alveolar bone area.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.148.2-148
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the daily living area of the elderly using the vast amount of travel route data collected through smart phones. In order to analyze the utilization status of the elderly into the visiting area and the living area, the subway station influence area was typed based on the number and ratio of the elderly visiting and the elderly living there. The characteristics of the elderly visiting area and the living area of the subway station area were derived by analyzing the walking route data for the three types of subway station influence areas where the elderly visit and live. First, we derive the range of visiting area and living area of the elderly near the subway station. Second, we derive the characteristic of moving distance which causes the linked walking of the elderly. Third, destination distribution and facility utilization are influenced by the subject of use, movement pattern, and facility awareness.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2014

Kimura's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. The most common clinical presentation of Kimura's disease is non-tender unilateral mass in the head and neck area, but bilateral involvement has rarely been reported. Histopathological confirmation should be taken for the diagnosis. Various management options are available, including surgical excision, steroid therapy, and radiotherapy. We report a male patient diagnosed as Kimura's disease involving bilateral retro-auricular region. Simultaneous bilateral neck involvement is an extremely rare finding. For cosmetic reasons, the patient was treated surgically, with satisfactory postoperative results. When evaluating patients with mass lesion in bilateral parotid/retro-auricular area, Kimura's disease should be considered as differential diagnosis.