• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.134-140
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk for development of several diseases. Although average dietary sugar intake of Koreans is within the recommended level, an increasing trend has been found in all age groups. This study aimed to evaluate the population attributable fractions (PAF) to dietary sugar for disease and death in Korea, and to estimate the socioeconomic effects of a reduction in dietary sugar. MATERIALS/METHODS: The prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) overconsumption (${\geq}20g$ of sugar from beverages) was analyzed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. Disease-specific relative risks of excessive SSB consumption were obtained through reviewing previous studies. Using the prevalence of SSB overconsumption and each relative risk, PAFs for morbidity and mortality were calculated. Socioeconomic costs of diseases and death attributable to SSB overconsumption were estimated by using representative data on national medical expenditures, health insurance statistics, employment information, and previous reports. RESULTS: Disease-specific PAF to SSB consumption ranged from 3.11% for stroke to 9.05% for obesity and dental caries, respectively. Costs from disease caused by SSB overconsumption was estimated at 594 billion won in 2015. About 39 billion won was estimated to be from SSB consumption-related deaths, and a total of 633 billion won was predicted to have been saved through preventing SSB overconsumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sugars overconsumption causes considerable public burdens, although the cost estimates do not include any informal expenditure. Information on these socioeconomic effects helps both health professionals and policy makers to create and to implement programs for reducing sugar consumption.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.677-688
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of dental hospital accreditation and the awareness and practice of infection control in dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 238 dental hygienists working at dental hospitals in Gwangju Jeonnam and analyzed from October 24, 2016 to September 22, 2017. Data were analyzed with the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 21.0. Results: Compared to non-accredited dental hospitals, all three variables were high for accredited dental hospitals. In accredited dental hospitals, healthcare accreditation expectancy effects correlated to awareness (r=0.407) and practice (r=0.533) of infection control, and awareness of infection control correlated to its practice (r=0.725). In non-accredited dental hospitals, healthcare accreditation expectancy effects correlated to awareness of infection control (r=0.239), and awareness of infection control correlated to its practice (r=0.481). Accredited dental hospitals showed healthcare accreditation expectancy effects (${\beta}=0.258$) and awareness of infection control (${\beta}=0.556$), and non-accredited dental hospitals were influenced by the number of employees (${\beta}=0.567$) and awareness of infection control (${\beta}=0.376$). Conclusions: It is necessary to develop efficient and systematic infection control programs to improve the awareness and practice of infection control in dental hygienists and patient's safety in the clinical field.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to review clinical efficacy of acupuncture treatment of mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that performed acupuncture treatment for mild cognitive impairment were retrieved from 6 online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, NDSL, OASIS) on September $30^{th}$, 2018. Studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were reviewed by Risk of Bias assessment. Results: In total, 21 studies were included in this review. All studies were Chinese (19 studies published in Chinese and 2 in English). The sample size, 50 to 100, and the number of treatment times, 20 to 30, were the largest range in all studies. The most treatments performed was 30. The longest treatment period was 56 days, which accounted for 33% of the studies. The most frequently used evaluation index was the Mini Mental State Examination followed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, each used 17 times and 15 times, respectively. The most frequently used acupoints were GV20, EX-HN1, GB20, and GV24, which accounted for 47% of total number of acupoints used. In 48% of the studies, needle retention time was 30 minutes. Western medicine treatment was the most common control group. Most studies reported that the intervention group was statistically significantly different to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that acupuncture for mild cognitive impairment was effective. However, it is difficult to confirm this conclusion because the quality of most of these studies were of low quality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.827-837
• /
• 2019

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new soybean product (cheonggukjang) fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 (SFBA) in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Visual evaluation of AD induction in the mice indicated the remarkable control of SFBA in reducing the pathological severity of AD-like skin lesions reported as the SCORAD score of AD clinical symptoms. The results revealed that SFBA reduced dorsal skin and epidermal thickness to a similar extent with prednisolone. Further analysis revealed the dominance of SFBA in restraining mast cell infiltration in the dermis; immunoglobulin-E expression in serum; and TH2 IL-4 cytokine and itch-related IL-31 cytokine in the mice skin and serum. SFBA also suppressed scratching behaviours in mice induced by compound 48/80. Further histological findings also revealed the alleviation of collagen fiber deposition in dermal skin of the AD mice model. These actions of SFBA were examined to be mediated by its suppression of the phosphorylation activation of key signalling molecules such as $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK responsible for the induction of cytokine production. Thus, SFBA can be considered as a promising functional food for managing clinical, histological and immunological spectra associated with AD.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.533-542
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 지하시설물 중 상수도 부문을 대상으로 국제표준을 준용한 공간 데이터 모델의 논리적 모델을 제시한다. 이를 위하여 국내·외 관련 표준 및 선행연구, 기 구축된 지하시설물통합체계 및 지하공간통합지도에 대한 현황 검토를 수행한다. 이후 선행연구 고찰 및 현황 검토를 통해 도출된 문제점 및 이슈를 토대로 상수도 부문 지하시설물 데이터 모델의 개념적 설계 방향을 마련한다. 설계 방향에 따라 상수도 부문 지하시설물 용어 및 분류 체계 정의, 객체 간의 위상 관계 등을 정의하고, UML (Unified Modeling Language)다이어그램을 이용하여 국제표준으로 제정된 ISO, OGC 등의 준거 모델에 해당하는 표준들을 참조하여 국내 지하 공간 환경에 적합한 새로운 형태의 참조 모델을 마련한다. 다음으로 상수도 부문 지하 공간 데이터 모델의 개념적 설계를 위해서 상수도 분류 체계에 따라 지하시설물 구축에 필요한 모든 데이터에 작명 기준을 규정하고, 그 기준에 따라 표준 항목 명칭을 부여한다. 또한 UML 다이어그램을 활용하여 논리적 모델을 묘화 및 기술한다. 해당 결과물을 토대로 지하시설물 데이터와 관련된 정확도를 제고할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2021

The recombinant lysozyme-HJL34 proteins were expressed and purified using commercial Escherichia (E.) coli expression system. Stx2e⁺ F18⁺ E. coli, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Streptococcus (S.) suis, and Clostridium (C.) perfringens strains were isolated from pigs. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the recombinant lysozyme-HJP34 proteins were examined by means of the microtiter plate method, according to the NCCLS recommendations. The possibility of its as the alternatives to antibiotics was tested in piglets. The MICs were determined as 75 ㎍/mL, 300 ㎍/mL, 75 ㎍/mL, 35.5 ㎍/m against Stx2e⁺ F18⁺ E. coli, APP, S. suis, C. perfringens, respectively. A total of 25 piglets were divied 5 groups. The piglets in group A~C were fed with commercial feed and those in groups D, E were fed with commercial feedstuff. All piglets in groups B~E were challenged with virulent Stx2e⁺ F18⁺ E. coli, APP, S. suis strains. Groups C and D were treated with antimicrobial from 24 h after challenge. All piglets in group B died within 3 days after challenge. Among 5 piglets in groups C and D piglets, 80% survived after challenge. Among group E piglets, 60% were alive until the end of this study. Therefore, this study indicates that recombinant lysozyme-HJP34 proteins is a suitable possibility as a feed additive for reduction of diseases by bacterial pathogens in piglet feed.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.773-784
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study presents the basic data necessary to explore the methods used of Korean dental hygienists to resolve oral health inequalities in Korea via reviewing the professionalization trend of American dental hygienists. Methods: The supervision levels of American dental hygienists, and system of dental therapists were analyzed using the data published by the relevant associations. Results: In America, dental hygienists help address oral health inequalities. However, due to limitations in the supervision levels and scope of practice of dental hygienists, the autonomy of dental hygienists was expanded, and mid-level practitioner were employed. The autonomy for dental hygiene practice was higher in public than in private in America. Some states have introduced dental therapists as mid-level practitioners. Their practice settings have limitations such as serving low-income, uninsured, and underserved patients or serving in a dental health professional shortage area. Conclusions: It is necessary to expand the autonomy of dental hygienists based on their profession. In particular, it is suggested that they start with the low-risk level practices. Further, it is necessary to introduce a dental hygiene specialist system specialized for fields with high social demands.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.39.1-39.8
• /
• 2021

Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anticancer drug used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, its ER-independent cytotoxic and antifungal activities have prompted debates on its mechanism of action. To achieve a better understanding of the ER-independent antifungal action mechanisms of TAM, we systematically identified TAM-sensitive genes through microarray screening of the heterozygous gene deletion library in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Secondary confirmation was followed by a spotting assay, finally yielding 13 TAM-sensitive genes under the drug-induced haploinsufficient condition. For these 13 TAM-sensitive genes, we conducted a comparative analysis of their Gene Ontology (GO) 'biological process' terms identified from other genome-wide screenings of the budding yeast deletion library and the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Several TAM-sensitive genes overlapped between the yeast strains and MCF7 in GO terms including 'cell cycle' (cdc2, rik1, pas1, and leo1), 'signaling' (sck2, oga1, and cki3), and 'vesicle-mediated transport' (SPCC126.08c, vps54, sec72, and tvp15), suggesting their roles in the ER-independent cytotoxic effects of TAM. We recently reported that the cki3 gene with the 'signaling' GO term was related to the ER-independent antifungal action mechanisms of TAM in yeast. In this study, we report that haploinsufficiency of the essential vps54 gene, which encodes the GARP complex subunit, significantly aggravated TAM sensitivity and led to an enlarged vesicle structure in comparison with the SP286 control strain. These results strongly suggest that the vesicle-mediated transport process might be another action mechanism of the ER-independent antifungal or cytotoxic effects of TAM.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.656-664
• /
• 2022

Pectobacterium odoriferum is the primary causative agent in Kimchi cabbage soft-rot diseases. The pathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium genera are responsible for significant yield losses in crops. However, P. odoriferum shares a vast range of hosts with P. carotovorum, P. versatile, and P. brasiliense, and has similar biochemical, phenotypic, and genetic characteristics to these species. Therefore, it is essential to develop a P. odoriferumspecific diagnostic method for soft-rot disease because of the complicated diagnostic process and management as described above. Therefore, in this study, to select P. odoriferum-specific genes, species-specific genes were selected using the data of the P. odoriferum JK2.1 whole genome and similar bacterial species registered with NCBI. Thereafter, the specificity of the selected gene was tested through blast analysis. We identified novel species-specific genes to detect and quantify targeted P. odoriferum and designed specific primer sets targeting HAD family hydrolases. It was confirmed that the selected primer set formed a specific amplicon of 360 bp only in the DNA of P. odoriferum using 29 Pectobacterium species and related species. Furthermore, the population density of P. odoriferum can be estimated without genomic DNA extraction through SYBR Green-based real-time quantitative PCR using a primer set in plants. As a result, the newly developed diagnostic method enables rapid and accurate diagnosis and continuous monitoring of soft-rot disease in Kimchi cabbage without additional procedures from the plant tissue.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.637-645
• /
• 2022

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases in barley and wheat, as it is usually accompanied by the production of harmful mycotoxins in the grains. To identify FHB-resistant breeding resources, we evaluated 60 elite germplasm accessions of barley (24) and wheat (36) for FHB and mycotoxin accumulation. Assessments were performed in a greenhouse and five heads per accession were inoculated with both Fusarium asiaticum (Fa73, nivalenol producer) and F. graminearum (Fg39, deoxynivalenol producer) strains. While the accessions varied in disease severity and mycotoxin production, four wheat and one barley showed <20% FHB severity repeatedly by both strains. Mycotoxin levels in these accessions ranged up to 3.9 mg/kg. FHB severity was generally higher in barley than in wheat, and Fa73 was more aggressive in both crops than Fg39. Fg39 itself, however, was more aggressive toward wheat and produced more mycotoxin in wheat than in barley. FHB severity by Fa73 and Fg39 were moderately correlated in both crops (r = 0.57/0.60 in barley and 0.42/0.58 in wheat). FHB severity and toxin production were also correlated in both crops, with a stronger correlation for Fa73 (r = 0.42/0.82 in barley, 0.70 in wheat) than for Fg39.