• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.486-498
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• 2024

This study examined the effects of a soybean sprouts mixture containing 1.5% Hovenia dulcis Thunb. fruit concentrate (SHM) on relieving hangovers and improving liver function in chronically alcohol-treated rats. The ampelopsin and L-asparagine contents in the SHM were 10.52, 35.19 ppm. When chronic alcohol-induced rats were treated with SHM, the body weight increased and the liver weight decreased. The serum alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were lowest in the SHM group, and the hepatic ADH and ALDH activities were highest in the SHM group. Chronic alcohol induction increased the activity of liver function indicator enzymes such as ALT, AST, and GGT, but the activity was decreased significantly with the SHM treatment. The triglyceride content in hepatic and serum blood samples was lowest in the SHM group. The serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol contents decreased in the SHM group, and the HDL cholesterol content increased. The color of the hepatic observed morphologically in the SHM group was reddish brown, and the size and number of lipid droplets in the hepatic observed pathologically decreased. The hepatic and serum lipid peroxidation content of the SHM group decreased. The hepatic and serum GSH content increased in the SHM group. Therefore, SHM can be a functional food that can help hangovers and improve liver function.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.239-259
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• 2024

In this study, a qualitative meta-analysis was conducted on research papers on earth science education to derive knowledge of students' understanding of specific science topics-greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change-within the context of collective Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Twenty-two research papers addressing students' alternative conceptions (misconceptions) about these topics were selected and analyzed for their respective definitions, causes (mechanisms), and impacts. Semantic network analysis and a mental model framework were applied to synthesize the findings. The meta-analysis revealed several key insights: (1) Regarding the greenhouse effect, students often used the terms "greenhouse effect" and "global warming" interchangeably, lacked knowledge about the types of greenhouse gases, and misunderstood their roles. They commonly associated the greenhouse effect with environmental pollution or changes in the ozone layer, failing to recognize its relation to the heat balance between the surface and atmosphere. (2) Concerning global warming, students confused it with sea level rise and linked it to pollution, ozone layer changes, and glacier melting. They understood global warming as a disruption of the heat balance between the surface and atmosphere but had misconceptions about its environmental impacts. (3) In terms of climate change, students used the term interchangeably with global warming, weather change, and climate anomalies. They associated climate change with atmospheric pollution and ozone layer depletion but misunderstood its environmental impacts. As result, three mental models-categorical, mechanistic, and hierarchical misconceptions-were identified as collective PCK. The implications for enhancing earth science teachers' PCK were discussed based on these findings.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.189-200
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: Concerns remain that early aspirin cessation may be associated with potential harm in subsets at high risk of ischemic events. This study aimed to assess the effects of P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 3-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) vs. prolonged DAPT (12-month or longer) based on the ischemic risk stratification, the CHADS-P2A2RC, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This was a sub-study of the SMART-CHOICE trial. The effect of the randomized antiplatelet strategies was assessed across 3 CHADS-P2A2RC risk score categories. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Results: Up to 3 years, the high CHADS-P2A2RC risk score group had the highest incidence of MACCE (105 [12.1%], adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.927; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.358-6.309; p=0.006) followed by moderate-risk (40 [1.4%], adjusted HR, 1.786; 95% CI, 0.868-3.674; p=0.115) and low-risk (9 [0.5%], reference). In secondary analyses, P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy reduced the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) types 2, 3, or 5 bleeding without increasing the risk of MACCE as compared with prolonged DAPT across the 3 CHADS-P2A2RC risk strata without significant interaction term (interaction p for MACCE=0.705 and interaction p for BARC types 2, 3, or 5 bleeding=0.055). Conclusions: The CHADS-P2A2RC risk score is valuable in discriminating high-ischemic-risk patients. Even in such patients with a high risk of ischemic events, P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy was associated with a lower incidence of bleeding without increased risk of ischemic events compared with prolonged DAPT.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2024

β-Ga₂O₃ is a representative ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor that has attracted much attention for power device applications due to its wide-bandgap of 4.9 eV and high-breakdown voltage of 8 MV/cm. In addition, because solution growth is possible, it has advantages such as fast growth rate and lower production cost compared to SiC and GaN [1-2]. In this study, we have successfully grown Si-doped 10 mm thick Si-doped β-Ga₂O₃ single crystals by the EFG (Edge-defined Film-fed Growth) method. The growth direction and growth principal plane were set to [010] / (010), respectively, and the growth speed was 7~20 mm/h. The as-grown β-Ga₂O₃ single crystal was cut into various crystal planes (001, 100, ${\bar{2}}01$) and off-angles (1^o, 3^o, 4^o), and then surface processed. After processed, the homoepitaxial layer was grown on the epi-ready substrate using the HVPE (Halide vapor phase epitaxy) method. The processed samples and the epi-layer grown samples were analyzed by XRD, AFM, OM, and Etching to compare the surface properties according to the crystal plane and off-angle.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2024

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is considered as one of the most important vegetables with various uses throughout the many countries. Also, it is one of the most economically important Allium species, and has been widely cultivated for more than 5,000 years. In Korea, garlic is planted in late summer and is grown from autumn and spring of the next year. Bulb starts to form when temperature rises under longer photoperiods. Garlic growth is affected by various factors such as storage conditions, humidity, duration of minimum temperature, and photoperiod. Also, the storage conditions for propagation seed are known to potentially affect future vegetative stages. In this study, we evaluated to effect of the inter-bud growth and growth of the southern-type cultivar 'Namdo' according to storage temperatures. The inter-bud growth, emergence & sprouting rate, and initial growth of stored garlic at low temperatures (5~15℃) exhibited robust growth, while garlic stored at high temperatures (30℃) was investigated to be sluggish compared to another treatments. However, the bulb diameter of stored garlic at 10 ℃ and 15℃ increased to 148.7% and 154.0 % compared to untreated garlic, respectively. Also, the bulb weight of stored garlic increased to 285.7% and 294.4% compared to control, respectively. In contrast, garlic stored at 5℃ showed a decrease of 70 .5% in bulb dimeter and 70 .6% in bulb weight compared to the control. As a results, it was confirmed that the storage temperature of garlic affects the inter-bud growth, emergence & sprouting rate, growth, bulb diameter, and bulb weight. These results will be to the possibility that is possible to estimate the growth cycle of garlic using the growth index for the improvement of crop modeling.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.23-42
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• 2023

This study is to investigate the influence relationship between ethical management activities and organizational effectiveness of logistics companies and the regulatory role of organizational trust and self-esteem in the relationship between the two variables. An empirical study was conducted through a survey of 270 employees of a logistics company, and the results of the study are as follows. First, the hypothesis that ethical management activities of logistics companies will affect organizational effectiveness was adopted. Among the ethical management activities of logistics companies, personnel management activities influenced organizational commitment and turnover intention, and external ethical management activities affected customer orientation and organizational commitment. Second, the hypothesis that trust and pride in an organization will affect organizational effectiveness was adopted. Trust in the company influenced organizational business and intention to leave, and trust and pride in superiors affected customer orientation and organizational commitment. Third, in the relationship between ethical management activities and organizational effectiveness of logistics companies, organizational trust and self-esteem have a role in controlling. The hypothesis was partially accepted. Organizational trust and pride of workers in logistics companies have the largest moderating effect on turnover intention in the relationship between ethical management activities and organizational effectiveness. In particular, it can be confirmed that self-esteem has a moderating effect on all variables such as customer orientation, organizational commitment and turnover intention. Based on the above analysis results, logistics companies can see the effect of increasing organizational effectiveness (customer orientation, organizational commitment, turnover intention) through ethical management activities, organizational trust and pride. In relation to effectiveness, since the role of controlling the turnover intention of employees of logistics companies is the greatest, it is necessary to apply this to the organizational management program to increase the efficiency of organizational management through fair and transparent continuous operation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.360-385
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• 2024

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants in Biryongsan Mt. (1,129 m) and Baebawhisan Mt. (967 m) (a.s.l., 36° 55'~37° 06' N, 129° 03'~29° 09' E), Gyeongsangbuk-do. The surveys were conducted 13 times from April 2019 to August 2022. The vascular plants of Biryongsan Mt. and Baebawhisan Mt. was consisted a total of 570 taxa based on the voucher specimens; 108 families, 334 genera, 506 species, 17 subspecies, 44 varieties, 3 forms. Among them, the Korean endemic plants were 12 taxa. The of number of threatened and near threatened plants, as National Red List of Vascular Plants in Korea designated by the Korean National Arboretum, were 8 taxa, comprising 1 endangered (EN), 3 vulnerable (VU), and 4 near threatened (LC) species. The number of floristic target plants designated by the Ministry of Environment was 104 taxa, including 10 of level IV and 28 of level III. The naturalized plants in this area were 42 taxa. Among 570 taxa, there were 403 edible plants, 461 medicinal plants, 221 industrial plants, 306 ornamental plants, and 17 taxa with unknown usefulness respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2024

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of gibberellin on improving seedling growth characteristics and enhancing strawberry quality in cutting propagation. Cuttings of the cultivar 'Seolhyang' were treated with GA₃ for 30 and 60 minutes at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg·L^-1, with distilled water used for dipping as the control. Evaluation of seedling growth showed a positive correlation between the duration of gibberellin dipping and growth characteristics such as leaf number and SPAD value. Plant height, petiole length, leaf length and width, and leaf area varied significantly based on the interaction between dipping time and concentration. Crown diameter exhibited differences depending on the dipping time, with cuttings producing superior seedlings having a diameter of 8.0 mm or more for all treatments except the 30-minute, 100 mg·L^-1 treatment. The T/R ratio was significantly lower in the 30-minute, 50 mg·L^-1 treatment, indicating the highest plant vigor. Quantum yield was lower at a concentration of 150 mg·L^-1, showing a decreasing trend with increasing gibberellin concentration. Nonphotochemical quenching was significantly smaller in the 30-minute, 150 mg·L^-1 treatment, indicating an effective reduction of stress in the cuttings. Antioxidant content was highest in the 30-minute, 50 mg·L^-1 treatment and the 60-minute, 150 mg·L^-1 treatment. Moreover, the results of post-transplanting growth assessment showed no negative effect of gibberellin on flowering induction. Therefore, it was confirmed that gibberellin treatment during the cutting propagation of 'Seolhyang' strawberries had a positive effect on the production of high-quality seedlings. Dipping the cuttings in 50 mg·L^-1 gibberellin for 30 minutes is considered to be the most suitable method for improving growth and quality compared to the control.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.745-755
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• 2024

Calystegia pubescens Lindl. (C. pubesens) is a native Korean herb that has been traditionally used for its diuretic, fatigue, and blood sugar-lowering effects. In previous studies, C. pubesens has shown antioxidant and whitening effects, but research on its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties is limited, and its potential as functional materials is lacking. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of leaf (CPL) and stem (CPS) extracts of C. pubesens extracted with 70% ethanol. When the anti-bacterial effect was confirmed, CPL showed superior anti-bacterial effect than CPS for C. acne, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Additionally, CPL exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to CPS, as demonstrated by DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging assays. Therefore, CPL showed superior anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects compared to CPS. Based on these results, further investigation was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of CPL using RAW264.7 macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was significantly reduced by CPL treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS was reduced by CPL in LPS-indueced RAW264.7 cells, which was consistent with NO production. In conclusion, this study confirmed that CPL has superior anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects compared to CPS, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of CPL via inhibiting iNOS expression and NO production induced by LPS. Based on the result, we suggest the potential of CPL as a valuable functional materials.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 2024

Background: Research on the association between renal disease and periodontal conditions has yet to yield definitive results. In this study, we analyzed whether periodontal disease increases the risk of developing renal disease using Korean national cohort data over a period of 11 years. Methods: From 2002 to 2015, a retrospective follow-up investigation was conducted on the 203,538 Korean population using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Periodontal disease and renal disease were identified through diagnoses using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. The assessment of periodontal status involved considering the number of dental visits related to periodontal disease during the baseline 3-year period. Results: During the 11-year follow-up period, renal disease occurred in 19,868 out of the total 203,538 individuals. After adjusting for age, gender, income, smoking, drinking, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, ischemic heart disease, and advanced periodontal treatment, periodontal disease increased the risk of renal disease occurrence by 1.04 times (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.08). Additionally, a higher frequency of dental visits attributed to periodontal disease was associated with an increased risk of renal disease,exhibiting a dose-response trend (aHR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.06 for once; aHR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.13 for two times; aHR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.21 for three times). Conclusions: Our data confirmed that periodontal disease is associated witha higher incidence of renal disease.