• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-52
• /
• 2017

This study aims to compare the state building process focusing on the founding presidents of South Korea, which was a colony of the defeated state of World War II and the Philippines, the colony of the victorious state. To this end, it compares the lives of the presidents, mainly the founding president of Korea Syngman Rhee and Manuel Quezon who led the autonomy of the Philippines and established the Commonwealth government, in the contexts of the state building process of the two countries. In each country, the leaders had to address the core tasks for founding the states in common. Firstly, after the independence or the acquisition of state autonomy, both countries adopted a constitution based on the presidential system with the strong authority of the presidents influenced by the United States. Secondly, the two countries after the independence were operated on the basis of anti-communism at the forefront of the Cold War. In addition, they also carried out land reform to bring the peasants into the system for supporting anti-communism. Lastly, the two countries also faced the same issues of liquidating the Japanese colonial legacies. Therefore the study examines the establishment of the constitution, settlement of anti-communism line, the land reform issues, and liquidation of Japanese colonialism or occupation in each country. The Philippines attained 'constitutional independence' in 1935 and experienced political development faster than any other post-colonial country in Asia. However, except for the establishment of the constitution, the early leaders were not able to address the principal issues for state building. As land reform failed, landowners became economically and politically dominant. The Philippines, where the modern citizen class has not arisen suffered from the political and economic recession. In Korea, despite the Korean War and division of the country, the founding president Syngman Rhee attempted to solve the tasks. As a result, he was able to lay the track of liberal democracy against communism and also settled Japanese colonial legacy as much as it was allowed. In particular, through land reform, he has laid the basis for the nation-state and economic development and has set up the girders of Korean economy by adopting the market economy system. Although there are merits and demerits, compared with the leaders of other countries especially with the Philippines, it is no doubt that Syngman Rhee has played an essential role in establishing the state as a founding president.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2020

For the purpose of recording Folk House Garden, this study was to review the historical value, location, space composition, Placememnt of the Building, garden composition, and management status of Folk House Garden designated as a cultural asset in Jeolla-do and to promote continuous maintenance and preservation in the future and enhance its value. The results of the study are as follows. First, most of them have been influenced by the trend of the times, such as the creation of a modern private garden and the spread of agricultural and commercial development through the garden components influenced by the royal, Japanese, and Western styles. Second, there are differences in the spatial composition of private households and the way they handle sponsorship, depending on the geographical location. When the geographical features were divided into flat and sloping areas, private houses located on flat land were divided into walls, walls were placed around the support area, and flower systems and stone blocks were created. The private houses located on the slope were divided into two to three tiers of space, and the wooden plant, flower bed, and stone bed were naturally connected to the background forest without creating a wall at the rear hill. Third, the size of the house and the elements of the garden have been partially destroyed, damaged, and changed, and if there is a lack of records of the change process, there is a limit to the drawing floor plan. There were many buildings and garden components that were lost or damaged due to changes in the trend and demand of the times, and some of them without records had to rely on the memory of owners and managers. Fourth, the species in Warm Temperate Zone, which reflects the climatic characteristics of Jeolla-do, was produced, and many of the exotic species, not traditional ones, were introduced. Fifth, fine-grained tree management standards are needed to prepare for changes in spatial function and plant species considering modern convenience.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2021

We examined the flow characteristics by direct runoff and base flow in a headwater stream during observed 59 rainfall events of flood season (June~September) from 2017 to 2020 yrs. Total precipitation ranged from 5.0 to 400.8 mm, total runoff ranged from 0.1 to 176.5 mm, and runoff ratio ranged from 0.1 to 242.9% during the rainfall events. From hydrograph separation, flow duration in base flow (139.3 days) was tended to be longer than direct runoff (78.3 days), while the contribution of direct runoff in total runoff (54.2%) was greater than base flow (45.8%). The total amount and peak flow of direct runoff and base flow had the highest correlation (p<0.05) with total precipitation and duration of rain among rainfall and soil moisture conditions. Dominant rainfall events for the total amount and peak flow of base flow were generated under 5.0~200.4 and 10.5~110.5 mm in total precipitation. However, when direct runoff occurred as dominant rainfall events, total amount and peak flow were increased by 267.4~400.8 and 169.0~400.8 mm in total precipitation. Therefore, the unique aspects of our study design permitted us to draw inferences about flow characteristic analysis with the contribution of base flow and/or direct runoff in the total runoff in a headwater stream. Furthermore, it will be useful for the long-term strategy of effective water management for integrated surface-groundwater in the forested headwater stream.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.616-624
• /
• 2020

International trade is one of the primary ways that non-native species spread worldwide. Korea and China are geographically close and have a large mutual trade volume. To investigate the population movement of the invasive whitefly(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) between the two countries, we compared the biotype distribution, insecticidal response, and the TYLCV(tomato yellow leaf curl virus) viruliferous rate of local populations collected in 2019. Based on the mitochondrial DNA COI sequences of B. tabaci, only the Q biotype was found in all populations in Korea, whereas the B biotype (14.3%) and Q biotype (85.7%) were found in China. In the haplotype composition of the B. tabaci Q biotype, only the Q1 group[Q1H1(79.8%) and Q1H2(20.2%)] was observed in China, but the Q1 group [Q1H1(1.7%) and Q1H2(97.5%)] and the Q2 group(only one individual) were found in Korea. The Korean populations showed high mortality(more than 80%) from 15 commercial insecticides, but the Chinese populations showed significantly low mortality from eight insecticides. No TYLCV infections were observed in the Korean populations while the average TYLCV viruliferous rate was 21.4% in the Chinese populations. Taken together, the results suggest that the population structures of B. tabaci in the two countries are different and may have different immigration histories.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.356-363
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the quality characteristics of anchovy sauce fermented using Nuruk to maintain a unique flavor, reduce fishy smell, and improve the fermentation rate. Six kinds of fermented fish sauces, including the control, fermentation using traditional Nuruk; SH Koji (Fs-A), JJ Koji (Fs-B), GJ Koji (Fs-C); and fermentation with improved Nuruk; Aspergillus luchuensis (Fs-D) and Aspergillus oryzae (Fs-E), were prepared. Samples were collected at 15 days intervals with 10% Nuruk added to raw anchovy and fermented at 25o C for 60 days. The free amino acids, especially glutamic acid content and amino nitrogen, were the highest in Fs-C, reflecting the high protease activity of Nuruk C (GJ). Regarding overall sensory evaluation, the control was the lowest, whereas Fs-C was highly evaluated among the sample groups. The addition of Nuruk not only shortened the fermentation period, but also increased the overall sensory level by adding umami and reducing fishy odor.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2021

The government budget for promoting startup have been skyrocketed as catching up with increasing demands for high-tech startup by disruptive innovation resulted from rapid technology change. However, major trend of startup have still fallen on self-employed type of startup due to the lack of expertise and fund in spite of desperate government policy efforts. In reality, the access to high-tech startup has been very limited and too high huddle to would-be entrepreneur. This paper implement empirical analysis on the effects of entrepreneur competency and satisfaction level to government support, considering these as the KSF for the growth and success of high-tech startup, to the performance of the company. In particular, it focus on defining unique characteristics of high-tech startup through differential proving by the backgrounds of entrepreneur such as major, R&D experience, patent possession, CTO possession. This research carry out survey to 217 entrepreneurs in high-tech company in Daejon and Daegue at R&D Special Innopolis Zone. Research results are as follow. First, entrepreneurial achievement competencies, conceptualization competencies, network competencies and market recognition competencies positively affect the financial and non-financial performance and organizational and technical competencies, while organizational and technological competencies only positively impact on non-financial performance. Second, the satisfaction level of government support showed a positive moderating effect on entrepreneurial achievement competencies and financial performance, while no significant effect in other competencies. Third, positive differential effect by the technological background of entrepreneur such as Major, R&D experience, patent possession, CTO possession) have been confirmed. This paper deliver several significant implications and contributions, First, it propose classified and systematized entrepreneur competency through the domestic and foreign literature reviews. Second, it proves the need for the wider spread of team based startup culture rather then sole startup. Third, it also proves the important role of technological background of entrepreneur among the characteristics of high-tech startup.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.586-593
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the biological characteristics of Phanuromyia ricaniae (Hemiptera: Platygastroidea), an egg parasitoid of Ricania sp. (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) as a biological control agent to control Ricania sublimata. The developmental period of P. ricaniae was 3.8 days for eggs, 11.1 days for larvae, and 16.3 days for pupae at 25℃, and 3.4 days for eggs, 7.8 days for larvae, and 15.3 days for pupae at 30℃. Except for the larval stage, the developmental periods were not significantly different, but the egg-to-pupa period at 30℃ was significantly shorter than that at 25℃. P. ricaniae emerged at the photophase in 24 hours, but not at the scotophase. A higher emergence rate (34.5%) was seen from 10:00 to 12:00 after the lights were turned. The female-to-male ratio of P. ricaniae was 3:1. The longevity of P. ricaniae adults was 49.0 days for females and 44.0 days for males at 20℃, 27.6 days for females and 28.4 days for males at 25℃, and 18 days for females and 14.0 days for males at 30℃. Its longevity at a low temperature (20℃) was longer than that at higher temperatures (25 and 30℃). Adult females laid eggs during all days except from 00:00-02:00 (scotophase time). The ovipositional distribution rate was 26.1% from 20:00 to 22:00, which was the peak, and the next peak was 15.7% at 10:00 to 12:00. P. ricaniae showed arrhenotokous parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs develop into males. Therefore, the results suggest that P. ricaniae may be a biological control agent for R. sublimata.

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the impact of protease treatments on the yield of rice starch (RST) from frozen rice flours, and to compare the physicochemical properties of RST by alkaline steeping (control) and enzymatic isolation (E-RST) methods. Although the yield of E-RST, prepared according to conditions designed by the modified 23 complete factorial design, was lower than the control, the opposite trends were observed in its purity. E-RST (RST1, isolated for 8 h at 15℃ with 0.5% protease; RST2, isolated for 24 h at 15℃ with 1.5% protease; RST3, isolated for 24 h at 15℃ with 0.5% protease) with the yields above 50% were selected. Amylose contents did not significantly differ for the control and RST2. Relative to the control, solubilities were higher for all E-RST, but swelling power did not significantly differ for E-RST except for RST1. Although all E-RST revealed higher gelatinization temperatures than the control, the reversed trends were found in the gelatinization enthalpy. The pasting viscosities of all E-RST were lower than those of the control. Consequently, the enzymatic isolation method using protease would be a more time-saving and eco-friendly way of preparing RST than the alkaline steeping method, even though its characteristics are different.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2021

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate quality of life, severity of depression, suicidality, subjective health and subjective stress of depression with subjective cognitive decline in Korean adults. Methods : We used the 7th KNHANES data to enroll 415 participants with a score of 10 or higher on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), aged 20-64. Depression was divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of subjective cognitive decline. Demographic and psychological characteristics were compared between two groups. Correlation analysis of subjective cognitive decline, quality of life, depression, suicidal idea was carried out. To detect which variables influenced quality of life, a multiple regression analysis was carried out. Results : Among the 415 participants, 98 had depression with subjective cognitive decline. We identified significant differences in age, marital status, education, employment between the two groups. After adjusting for these variables, depression with subjective cognitive decline had lower EuroQol-5D index scores, more severe depressive symptoms without cognition and worse subjective health than depression without cognitive decline. There was a significant correlation between subjective cognitive decline and quality of life (r=-0.236, p<0.001), suicidal idea (r=0.182, p<0.001), depression score without cognition (r=0.108, p=0.028). Through multiple regression analysis, subjective cognitive decline was predictor of reduced quality of life (β=-0.178, p<0.001). Conclusions : Depression with subjective cognitive decline has poor quality of life and severe depression. Cognitive decline should be considered to improve treatment result in depression.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2021

The results of research and analysis are as follows: First, there were 108 types of change patterns in the number of elementary school students. Second, based on the similarity of 108 types of change patterns in the number of students, a type system diagram was presented. Third, in the case of a total of 18 types of change patterns in the number of students, the number of students decreased significantly due to the establishment of additional schools on top of the existing schools. The result of a a long-term survey and analysis on the trend of increase and decrease in the number of students across the country shows an urgent need todevelop policy tasks across the entire school accommodation plan, such as the establishment of differentiated schools suitable for regional characteristics, relocation, consolidation, reorganization of school districts, remodeling, and appropriatization projects.