• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.254-259
• /
• 1985

우리나라의 산록경사지(山麓傾斜地)에 분포(分布)한 토양(土壤)의 단위위치별(單位位置別) 대표단면(代表斷面)의 토양특성(土壤特性)에 대(對)하여 분류단위수준내(分類單位水準內) 변이성(變異性) 및 순수성(純粹性)을 분석(分析)하고, 특정(特定) 신뢰구간(信賴區間)에서 주워진 정도내(精度內)에 요구(要求)되는 표본(標本)크기를 결정(決定)하고자 수행(遂行)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 입경분포(粒徑分布), pH 및 염기치환용량(鹽基置換容量)의 변이성(變異性)은 낮았으며, 나머지 토양특성(土壤特性)은 변이성(變異性)이 높았음. 2. 대수정규분포(對數正規分布)를 나타내는 토양특성(土壤特性)의 산술평균(算術平均)값이 수정(修正) 되었음. 3. 토양특성(土壤特性)의 변이성(變異性)은 고차분류단위(高次分類單位)일수록 감소(減少) 하였으며, 저변이군(低變異群)의 토양특성(土壤特性)은 고변이군(高變異群)보다 약(約) 3배(倍) 이상(以上) 토양관리(土壤管理)에 의(依)해 영향(影響)을 적게 받았음. 4. 분류단위수준별(分類單位水準別) 순수성(純粹性)은 목(目)이 54.1, 대군(大群) 53.7, 그리고 통(統) 39.7% 이었음. 5. 유의수준(有意水準) 0.05에서 모평균(母平均)의 10, 20% 정도(精度)를 추정(推定)하는데 필요(必要)되는 표본(標本)크기가 결정(決定)되었음.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2001

rf-마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법을 이용하여 높은 광투과성을 지니며 c-축 배향된 KLN 박막을 제작하였다. 하소 및 소결 과정을 거쳐서 균일하고 안정한 상태의 KLN 타겟을 제조하였다. KLN 타겟은 화학량론적인 조성 및 K가 30%, 60%, 그리고 Li가 각각 15%, 30% 과량된 조성을 사용하였으며 K와 Li의 휘발을 방지하기 위하여 낮은 온도에서 소결시켰다. 제조된 타겟을 사용하여 rf-magnetron sputtering 방법으로 박막을 제조하였으며, 이때 K가 60% Li가 30% 과량된 타겟으로 제조할 때 단일상의 KLN 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. KLN 박막은 코닝 1737 기판 위에서 우수한 결정성과 높은 c-축 배향성을 나타내었으며, 이때 박막의 성장조건은 고주파 전력 100 W, 공정 압력 150 mTorr, 기판 온도 58$0^{\circ}C$였다. 가시광 영역에서 박막의 투과율은 약 90% 이고, 흡수는 333 nm에서 발생하였으며 632.8 nm에서 박막의 굴절율은 1.93이었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 2023

Objectives This study examined the trends in domestic and international research on the treatment of sarcopenia and analyzed the effectiveness of the treatment. Based on the results, we suggest directions for future Korean medicine research on sarcopenia. Methods The study was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology. It included three international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) and five domestic databases (Korean studies Information Service System, Korean Medical database, Oriental Medicine Advanced Search Integrated System, Research Information Sharing Service, ScienceON) were used. Literatures published until April 30, 2023, including the contents of 'sarcopenia' and Korean Medicine treatment', were searched. Results A total of 45 studies were included in the analysis. The number of studies on Korean medicine treatments for sarcopenia is steadily increasing, with the majority of studies coming from Asian countries. Of the 45 studies, 30 were conducted in the field of medicine, and the study design was analyzed into 10 clinical studies and 35 non-clinical studies. Among the 10 clinical studies, the most common treatment interventions were herbs (n=4), followed by Daoist exercises (n=3). The most common diagnostic criteria used in clinical studies were those published by the Asian working group for sarcopenia, and various physical examinations and laboratory tests were used as outcome measures. Conclusions The future direction of Korean medicine research on sarcopenia should be to expand the number of clinical studies applying Korean medicine treatment interventions.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.547-594
• /
• 2000

I. Introduction The essence of Oriental medicine consists of ancient books, experienced doctors and succeeded skills of common society. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. $\ll$DangDaeMyeongIImJeungJeongHwa(當代名醫臨證精華)$\gg$ written by SaWoogWang(史宇廣) and DanSeoGeon(單書健) has many medical experience of famous doctors. So it has important historical value. Bi(痺) means blocking. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. So I studied ${\ll}BiJeungJuJip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision Following decisions of Chinese doctors of 20th century are as follows ; 1. JuYangChun(朱良春) emphasized on IkSinJangDok(益腎壯督) to treat BiJeong. And he devided WanBi(頑痺) as PungHanSeup(風寒濕), DamEo(痰瘀), YeolDok(熱毒), SinHeo(腎虛). He used insects for medicine. 2. ChoSuDoek(焦樹德) introduced past prescription. He used ChiBiTang(治痺湯) to treat HaengBi(行痺), TongBi(痛痺), ChakBi(着痺). He insisted that Han(寒; coldness) and Seup(濕; dampness) be Eum(陰) and Pung(風; wind) can change his character to be Eum. After all BiJeung is usually EumJeung. So he used GaeJi(桂枝) and BuJa(附子). By the way he used ChungYeolSanBiTang(淸熱散痺湯) for YeolBi, BoSinGeoHanChiWangTang SaBok(王士福) emphasized on the importance of medicine. He introduced many treatments like CheongYeol(情熱) for YeolBi and YiO(二烏) for HanBi. And he divided BiJeung period for three steps. At 1st step, we must use GeoSa(祛邪), at 2nd step, we must use BuJeong(扶正) and at 3rd step, we must use BoHyeol(補血), he insisted. And he introduced many herbs to treat BiJeung. 4. JeongGwangJeok(丁光迪) said that GaeJi(桂枝), MaHwang(麻黃), OYak(烏蘖) and BuJa(附子) are very important for TongRak(通絡). And pain usually results from Han(寒), so he liked to use hot-character herbs. 5. MaGi(馬志) insisted that BiJeung usually result from ChilJeong(七情). And he liked to use insects for treatment of BiJeung. 6. WeolSeokMu(越錫武) introduced 8 kinds of treatments and divided BiJeung period. Also he divided BeJeung for PungBi(風痺), HanBi(寒痺) and SeupBi(濕痺). 7. SeoGeaHam(徐季含) observed many patients and concluded that 86.7% of BiJeung is HeuJeung(虛症). 8. YuJiMyeong(劉志明) said that YeolBi is important and CheongYeol is also important. So he emphasized on DangGyuiJeomTongTang(當歸拈痛湯) and SeonBiTang(宣痺湯). 9. WangLiChu(汪履秋) studied cause of WanBi. Internal cause is GiHyeolHeo(氣血虛) and GanSinHeo(肝腎虛) and external cause is SaGi(邪氣) he insisted. 10. WangSaSang(王士相) said that YeolBi can be SeupYeolBi or EumHeuYeolBi(陰虛熱痺) and HanSeupBi(寒濕痺) is rare. He use WooBangJaSan(牛蒡子散) and BangPungHwan(防風丸) for SeupYeolBi, DangGyuiSaYeokTang(當歸四逆湯) for HanSeupBi. 11. JinTaekGang(陳澤江) treated YeolBi with BaekHoGaGyeJiTang(自虎加桂枝湯) and SaMyoSan(四妙散). If they don't have effect, he tried to cure BiJeung step by step. And he used e term of GeunBi(筋痺) and BangGiMogwaEIInTang(防己木瓜薏苡仁湯) was good for GeunBi. 12. MaSeoJeong(麻瑞亭) said that PungSeupYeokJeul(風濕歷節) is BiJeung and it is related to GanBinSin(肝脾腎; liver, Spleen, Kindey). And he emphasized on balance WiGi(衛氣) and YoungHeul(營血). 13. SaJeJu(史濟桂) said that GeunGolBi(筋骨痺) is similar to arthritis and sometimes called ChakBi. And SinBi(腎痺) is terminal stage of ChakBi, he said. He also used insects for treatment. 14. JeongJeNam(丁濟南) tried to cure SLE and used GyeJi, CheonCho(川椒), SinGeunCho(伸筋草), SunRyeongBi(仙靈脾), HyconSam(玄蔘) and GamCho(甘草). 15. JinGYungHwa(陳景和) emphasized on diagnosis of tongue. If the color of tongue is blue, it usually has EoHyeol(瘀血), for example. And he also used insects. 16. JuSongI(朱松毅) tried to devide YeolBi with OnByeong(溫病), Wi(衛), Gi(氣) and Hyeol(血). 17. RuDaBong(蔞多峰) said that JyeongHeo(正虛), OiSa(外邪) and EoHyeol are closely related. And he explained BiJeung by deviding the body into the part, for example head, neck, shoulder, waist, upper limb and lower limb. 18. YuMuBo(劉茂甫) defined PungHanSyubBi as chronic stage and YeolBi as acute stage.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.513-545
• /
• 2000

I. Introduction Bi(痺) means blocking. It can reach at the joints or muscles or whole body and make pains. Numbness and movement disorders. BiJeung can be devided into SilBi and HeoBi. In SilBi there are PungHanSeupBi, YeolBi and WanBi. In HeoBi, there are GiHyeolHeoBi, EumHeoBi and YangHeoBi. The common principle for the treatment of BiJeung is devision of the chronic stage and the acute stage. In the acute stage, BiJeung is usually cured easily but in the chronic stage, it is difficult. In the terminal stage, BiJeung can reach at the internal organs. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. So I studied ${\ll}Bijeungjujip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision 1. BanSuMun(斑秀文) thought that BiJeung can be cured by blocking of blood stream. So he insisted that the important thing to cure BiJeung is to improve the blood stream. He usually used DangGuiSaYeokTang(當歸四逆湯), DangGuiJakYakSanHapORyeongSan, DoHong-SaMulTang(桃紅四物湯), SaMyoSanHapHeuiDongTang and HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 2. JangGeonBu(張健夫) focused on soothing muscles and improving blood seam. So he used many herbs like WiRyeongSeon(威靈仙), GangHwal(羌活), DokHwal(獨活), WooSeul(牛膝), etc. Especially he pasted wastes of the boiled herbs. 3. OSeongNong(吳聖農) introduced four rules to treat arthritis. So he usually used SeoGak-SanGaGam(犀角散加減), BoYanHwanOTang(補陽還五湯), ODuTang(烏頭湯), HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 4. GongJiSin thought disk hernia as one kind of BiJeung. And he said that Pung can hurt upper limbs and Seup can hurt lower limbs. He used to use GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯). 5. LoJiJeong(路志正) introduced four principles to treat BiJeung. He used BangPungTang(防風湯), DaeJinGuTang) for PungBi(風痺), OPaeTang(烏貝湯) for HanBi(寒痺), YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for SeupBi(濕痺) and SaMyoTang(四妙湯), SeonBiTang(宣痺湯), BaekHoGaGyeTang(白虎加桂湯) for YeolBi(熱痺). 6. GangChunHwa(姜春華) discussed herbs. He said SaengJiHwang(生地黃) is effective for PungSeupBi and WiRyungSun(威靈仙) is effective for the joints pain. He usually used SipJeonDaeBoTang(十全大補湯), DangGuiDaeBoTang(當歸大補湯), YoukGunJaTang(六君子湯) and YukMiJiHwanTang(六味地黃湯). 7. DongGeonHwa(董建華) said that the most important thing to treat BiJeung is how to use herbs. He usually used CheonO(川烏), MaHwang(麻黃) for HanBi, SeoGak(犀角) for YeolBi, BiHae) or JamSa(蠶沙) for SeupBi, SukJiHwang(熟地黃) or Vertebrae of Pigs for improving the function of kidney and liver, deer horn or DuChung(杜沖) for improving strength of body and HwangGi(黃?) or OGaPi(五加皮) for improving the function of heart. 8. YiSuSan(李壽山) devided BiJeung into two types(PungHanSeupBi, PungYeolSeupBi). And he used GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for the treatment of gout. And he liked to use HwanGiGyeJiOMulTangHapSinGiHwan 枝五物湯合腎氣丸) for the treat ment of WanBi(頑痺). 9. AnDukHyeong(顔德馨) made YongMaJeongTongDan(龍馬定痛丹)-(MaJeonJa(馬錢子) 30g, JiJaChung 3g, JiRyong(地龍) 3g, JeonGal(全蝎) 3g, JuSa(朱砂) 0.3g) 10. JangBaekYou(張伯臾) devided BiJeung into YeolBi and HanBi. And he focused on improving blood stream. 11. JinMuO(陳茂梧) introduced anti-wind and dampness prescription(HoJangGeun(虎杖根) 15g, CheonChoGeun 15g, SangGiSaeng(桑寄生) 15g, JamSa(蠶絲) 15g, JeMaJeonJa(制馬錢子) 3g). 12. YiChongBo(李總甫) explained basic prescriptions to treat BiJeung. He used SinJeongChuBiEum(新定推痺陰) for HaengBi(行痺), SinJeongHwaBiSan(新定化痺散) for TongBi(痛痺), SinJeongGaeBiTang(新定開痺湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinJeongCheongBiEum(新定淸痺飮) for SeupYeolBi(濕熱痺), SinRyeokTang(腎瀝湯) for PoBi(胞痺), ORyeongSan for BuBi(腑痺), OBiTang(五痺湯) for JangBi(臟痺), SinChakTang(腎着湯) for SingChakByeong(腎着病). 13. HwangJeonGeuk(黃傳克) used SaMu1SaDeungHapJe(四物四藤合制) for the treatment of a acute arthritis, PalJinHpPalDeungTang(八珍合八藤湯) or BuGyeJiHwangTangHapTaDeungTang(附桂地黃湯合四藤湯) for the chronic stage and ByeolGapJeungAekTongRakEum(鱉甲增液通絡飮) for EumHeo(陰虛) 14. GaYeo(柯與參) used HwalRakJiTongTang(活絡止痛湯) for shoulder ache, SoJongJinTongHwalRakTank(消腫鎭痛活絡湯) for YeolBi(熱痺), LiGwanJeolTang(利關節湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinBiTang(腎痺湯) for SinBi(腎痺) and SamGyoBoSinHwan(三膠補腎丸) for back ache. 15. JangGilJin(蔣길塵) liked to use hot-character herbs and insects. And he used SeoGeunLipAnTang(舒筋立安湯) as basic prescription. 16. RyuJangGeol(留章杰) used GuMiGangHwalTang(九味羌活湯) and BangPungTang(防風湯) at the acute stage, ODuTang(烏頭湯) or GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for HanBi of internal organs, YangHwaHaeEungTang(陽和解凝湯) for HanBi, DokHwalGiSaengTang(獨活寄生湯), EuiYiInTang(薏苡仁湯) for SeupBi, YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for GiHeoBi(氣虛痺) and SeongYouTang(聖兪湯) for HyeolHeoBi(血虛痺). 17. YangYuHak(楊有鶴) liked to use SoGyeongHwalHyelTang(疏經活血湯) and he would rather use DoIn(桃仁), HongHwa(紅花), DangGui(當歸), CheonGung(川芎) than insects. 18. SaHongDo(史鴻濤) made RyuPungSeupTang(類風濕湯)-((HwangGi 200g, JinGu 20g, BangGi(防己) 15g, HongHwa(紅花) 15g, DoIn(桃仁) 15g, CheongPungDeung(靑風藤) 20g, JiRyong(地龍) 15g, GyeJi(桂枝) 15g, WoSeul(牛膝) 15g, CheonSanGap(穿山甲) 15g, BaekJi(白芷) 15g, BaekSeonPi(白鮮皮) 15g, GamCho(甘草) 15g).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권8호
• /
• pp.1171-1178
• /
• 2010

인칼균과 다양한 기능성을 가진 조, 기장, 수수, 율무 등의 잡곡을 이용해 식초를 제조하여 이화학적 특성을 검토한 결과 인칼균 첨가 유무에 따라 조단백질 함량은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 무기성분 및 인산 함량은 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 특히 칼슘과 인산의 함량이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 칼슘은 메조(2,278.85 ppm)에서, 인산은 수수(1,617.28 mg/100 g)에서 가장 높은 함량을 보여 칼슘과 인산의 공급원으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 당도와 탁도는 시중유통 현미식초($5.33^{\circ}Bx$ 및 0.078)보다 잡곡식초에서 높은 경향을 보였고 인칼균 첨가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. pH는 인칼균 첨가에 따라 약간 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 총 산도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 시중유통 현미식초 및 인칼균 첨가 유무에 따른 색차를 구한 결과 유의적으로 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 시중유통 현미식초의 glucose 함량은 4.89 mg/mL로 나타났으며, 잡곡식초의 경우 차조에서 5.62 mg/mL, 인칼균 첨가 식초에서 5.58 mg/mL로 가장 높게 나타났다. 잡곡식초의 주된 유기산은 acetic acid 및 succinic acid로 나타났으며, 총 유기산 함량은 인칼균 첨가에 따라 대체적으로 약간 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총 아미노산 함량은 시중유통 현미식초가 $63.75\;{\mu}g/mL$, 잡곡식초와 인칼균 첨가 식초의 경우 각각 1,125.24~1,976.37 및 $1,045.36~2,057.34\;{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 잡곡식초는 28.59~41.26 mg/100 mL, 인칼균 첨가 식초는 26.57~39.62 mg/100 mL를 보였다. ABTS 및 DPPH radical 소거활성은 전체적으로 인칼균을 첨가한 식초가 무처리 잡곡식초보다 높은 활성을 보였으며, 특히 차조와 메조를 이용한 식초가 크게 증가하였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.677-686
• /
• 2018

농촌진흥청에서 개발한 유용미생물 Kluyvera sp. CL-2 처리효과를 검증하기 위하여 수박에 미생물 배양액을 7일 간격으로 2회, 5회 관주처리하여 처리 전 후의 토양 이화학성 변화를 관찰하였고, 또한 미생물 처리 후 수확기의 수박 생육특성 및 유리당 함량을 비교하였다. Kluyvera sp. CL-2 배양액을 $1.0{\times}10^6cfu\;mL^{-1}$로 7일 간격 본포에 2회, 5회 관주처리 한 결과, 산도와 Ca, Mg은 모든 처리구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 유기물은 모든 처리구에서 증가하였다. EC와 K는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 유효인산은 무처리구 대비 미생물 처리구에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 수확 직후의 수량, 엽장, 과중, 과장, 과폭, 과피두께는 미생물 처리구와 무처리구 간의 차이가 없었으나, 과폭은 유의적으로 증가하여 2회 처리구는 11.6%, 5회 처리구는 26.2% 증가하였다. 수박의 수확기 유리당 함량을 분석한 결과 sucrose는 모든 처리구에서 차이가 없었으나, fructose와 glucose의 함량은 무처리구 대비 미생물 처리구에서 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Glucose함량은 2회 처리구가 무처리구 대비 13.8%, 5회 처리구는 12.8% 증가하여 미생물 처리횟수 간의 차이는 없었으나, fructose함량은 2회 처리구 14.6%, 5회 처리구에서는 39.8% 증가하여 미생물처리 횟수 증가에 따른 유의수준의 fructose 함량 증진 효과가 확인되어 Kluyvera sp. CL-2의 처리가 수박의 당도를 향상시키는 경과를 보였다.