• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2017

This study investigates how perception of easy sentences varies with prosody pattern, sound intensity, and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) in young adults with normal hearing who were in their 20's. The results showed that the presence of proper prosody pattern in the sentences increased correct perception rate of the target sentences, and that the lower the intensity and SNR, the lower the sentence perception scores. The results also showed that SNR had a greater effect on the sentence perception scores than sound intensity. There was a significant decrease of perception scores starting at the level of 15 dB and +3 SNR for the sentences with prosody pattern, while starting at the level of 18 dB and +6 SNR for the sentences without prosody pattern, ending up with a very poor perception score as sound intensity and SNR gets lower. There was a significant difference in the perception score of the sentences with prosody pattern between 20 year-old group and 21 year or older group in several listening conditions of sound intensity and SNR.

• Language and Information
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2000

Application systems of natural language processing such as machine translation system must deal with actual texts including the full range of linguistic phenomena. But it seems to be impossible that the existing grammar covers completely such actual texts because they include disruptive factors such as long sentences, unexpected sentence patterns and erroneous input to obstruct well-formed analysis of a sentence. In order to solve analysis failure due to the disruptive factors or incorrect selection of correct parse tree among forest parse trees, this paper proposes two-level computational grammar which consists of a constraint-based grammar and an error-tolerant grammar. The constraint-based computational grammar is the grammar that gives us the well-formed analysis of English texts. The error-tolerant computational grammar is the grammar that reconstructs a comprehensible whole sentence structure with partially successful parse trees within failed parsing results.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.8
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• pp.369-387
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• 2006

Which syntactic function should we assign to the 'ga-type' constituent which occurs in the morphological passive constructions in Korean, [N0-neun N1-i Vpass-ending]? This problem is very important in two respects. First, a small change of status of the particle 'i/ga' can exert an overall influence on the Korean grammar. Second, the particle '-i/ga' cannot guarantee that 'ga-type' constituents are subject of the sentence, so that the concept of syntactic category should be distinguished from that of syntactic function. This paper claims that the analysis of sentence has long been focused on the structure of proposition, namely the argument structure and that the direction of analysis should be turned to the 'person structure' which can be revealed on the pragmatic level. On the basis of this, this paper suggests that the specific type of the morphological passive constructions in Korean, [N0-neun N1-i Vpass-ending] should be analysed in line with the psych-verb constructions and that the modal meaning 'potential' of the passive constructions is correlated with sentence pattern and 'person structure'.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2178-2198
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• 2024

Graph-based document models have good capabilities to reveal inter-dependencies among unstructured text data. Natural language processing (NLP) systems that use such models as an intermediate representation have shown good performance. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy graph-based document model and to demonstrate its effectiveness by applying fuzzy logic tools for text summarization. The proposed system accepts a text document as input and identifies some of its sentence level features, namely sentence position, sentence length, numerical data, thematic word, proper noun, title feature, upper case feature, and sentence similarity. The fuzzy membership value of each feature is computed from the sentences. We also propose a novel algorithm to construct the fuzzy graph as an intermediate representation of the input document. The Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) metric is used to evaluate the model. The evaluation based on different quality metrics was also performed to verify the effectiveness of the model. The ANOVA test confirms the hypothesis that the proposed model improves the summarizer performance by 10% when compared with the state-of-the-art summarizers employing alternate intermediate representations for the input text.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2013

The previous chatting systems have generally used methods based on lexical agreement between users' input sentences and target sentences in a database. However, these methods often raise well-known lexical disagreement problems. To resolve some of lexical disagreement problems, we propose a three-step sentence searching method that is sequentially applied when the previous step is failed. The first step is to compare common keyword sequences between users' inputs and target sentences in the lexical level. The second step is to compare sentence types and semantic markers between users' input and target sentences in the semantic level. The last step is to match users's inputs against predefined lexico-syntactic patterns. In the experiments, the proposed method showed better response precision and user satisfaction rate than simple keyword matching methods.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.39-47
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• 2021

The construction of high-quality input features through effective segmentation is essential for increasing the sentence comprehension of a language model. Improving the quality of them directly affects the performance of the downstream task. This paper comparatively studies the segmentation that effectively reflects the linguistic characteristics of Korean regarding word and sentence classification. The segmentation types are defined in four categories: eojeol, morpheme, syllable and subchar, and pre-training is carried out using the RoBERTa model structure. By dividing tasks into a sentence group and a word group, we analyze the tendency within a group and the difference between the groups. By the model with subchar-level segmentation showing higher performance than other strategies by maximal NSMC: +0.62%, KorNLI: +2.38%, KorSTS: +2.41% in sentence classification, and the model with syllable-level showing higher performance at maximum NER: +0.7%, SRL: +0.61% in word classification, the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of those schemes.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-184
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• 2002

The question of Korean rhythmic type is still a controversial issue (syllable-timed; stress-timed; word-timed). As a step toward solving the question, an experiment was carried out to examine compression effects in Korean. There has been a general belief that the increase of the number of following or preceding syllables causes compression of a vowel (or syllable) in many languages, and a marked anticipatory compression effect can be especially indicative of stress timing. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to obtain some evidence to determine whether or not Korean is stress-timed. The durations of the target vowel/a/ of the monosyllabic word /pap/ were measured at both word and sentence level. In general, marked anticipatory and backward compression effects on the target vowel were observed across one-, two- and three-syllable words in citation form, whereas the effects were neither marked nor consistent at sentence level. These results led us to claim that Korean is not stress-timed.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2004

Many languages show reverse durational variation between preceding vowel and following voiced/voiceless (lax/tense) consonants. This study investigated the likely effects of phoneme type (tense vs. lax) on the timing structure (duration of syllable, word, phrase and sentence) of Korean. Three rates of speech (fast, normal, slow) applied to stimuli with the target word /a-Ca/ where /C/ is one of /p, p', $p^h$/. The type (tense/lax) of /C/ caused marked inverse durational variations in the two syllables /a/ and /Ca/ and highly different durational ratios between them. Words with /p', $p^h$/ were significantly longer than that with /p/, which contrasts with many other languages where such pairs of words have a similar duration. The differentials between words remained up to the phrase and sentence level, but in general the higher linguistic units did not statistically differ within each level. Thus, the phrase is suggested as a compensatory unit of phoneme type effects in Korean. Different rates did not affect the general tendency. Distribution of time variations (from normal to fast and slow) to each syllable (/a/ and /Ca/) was also observed.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2011

The present study was performed to investigate the intelligibility of voice disorder patients by providing the various background noise levels. Four sets of 12-sentence-stimuli produced by 11 voice disorder patients were prepared, and 5 minute-news from radio broadcasting studio were used as a background noise. 30 listeners assigned intelligibility score of each sentence with visual analog scale. Each set of sentences was provided with 20dB, 10dB, 0dB noise (same intensity with stimuli), and, finally, with no noise. As results, as background noise level increased, intelligibility scores were lowered with statistical significance. Even though in the same severity, more loud background noise showed much lower scores than less loud noise. When 10dB noise was provided, intelligibility scores showed the biggest difference among the degree of severity.

• Language and Information
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2003

The progressive in English is taken to be an operator which takes a non-stative predicate and returns a predicate which denotes a process with a temporal frame around some definite time or event. When, it is combined with a predicate which has a culmination in the event, the sentence means that the culmination has not come yet. So the event denoted by the base predicate is not true at the current time. On the other hand, when it is combined with a predicate which has no culmination in the event, the event denoted by the base predicate is taken to be true. In this paper, this is explained by the semantics of the progressive based on the notion of contributiveness. I propose that a progressive sentence is verified by some subevents which are contributive to the current situation and the progress of the event beyond the threshold level of the event denoted by the base predicate. A sub-situation is contributive if the addition of it to the previous situation is more likely to lead to the whole situation than the previous situation.