• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.652-672
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• 1996

Dysfunction of the inferior alveolar nerve may result from trauma, diseases or iatrogenic injury. The development and refinement of an objective method to evaluate this clinical problem is highly desirable and needed, especially concerning for an increasing medico-legal issue. Evoked potential techniques have attracted considerable attention as a means of assessing the function and integrity of nerve pathways. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Sensory Evoked Potentials(SEPs) and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials(SSEPs) elicited by electrical stimulation of mental nerve. SEPs and SSEPs were measured and analyzed statistically before and after needle injury on the inferior alveolar nerve of Sprague-Dawalye rats. Measuring SEPs was more sensitive in evaluation of the recovery of sensory function from inferior alveolar nerve injury then measuring SSEPs but we measured SSEPs in the hope of providing a safe, simple and objective test to check oral and facial sensibility, which is acceptable to the patient. We stimulated mental nerve after needle injury on the inferior alveolar nerve and SEPS on the level of mandibular foramen and SSEPs on the level of cerebral cortex were recorded. Threshold, amplitude, and latency of both of SEPs and SSEPs were analyzed. The results were as follows ; 1. Threshold of SEPs and SSEPs were $184{\pm}14{\mu}A$ and $164{\pm}14{\mu}A$ respectively. 2 SEPs were composed of 2 waves, i.e., N1 N2 in which N1 was conducted by II fibers and N2 was conducted by III fibers. 3. SSEPS were composed of 5 waves, of which N1 and N2 shower statistically significant changes(p<0.01, unpaired t-test). 4. SEPs and SSEPs were observed to be abolished immediately after local anesthesia and recovered 30 minutes later. 5. SEPs were abolished immediately after injury. N1 of SSEPs was abolished immediately and amplitued of N2 was decreased($20.7{\pm}12.2%$) immediately after 23G needle injury, but N3, N4 and N5 did not change significantly. Recovery of waveform delayed 30 minutes in SEPs and 45 minutes in SSEPs. 6. The degree of decrease in amplitude of SEPs and SSEPs, after 30G needle injury was smaller than those with 23G. SEPs recorded on the level of mandibular foramen were though to be reliable and useful in the assessment of the function of the inferior alveolar nerve after injury. Amplitude of SSEPs reflected the function and integrity of nerve and measuring them provided a safe, simple and abjective test to check oral and facial sensibility. These results suggest that measuring SEPs and SSEPs are meaningful methods for objective assessment in the diagnosis of nerve injury. N1 and N2 of SSEPs can be useful parameters for the evaluation of the nerve function following a needle injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.232-235
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• 2013

Objective : Major complaints of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are sensory components. However, motor deficit also impedes functional status of hand. Contrary to evaluation of sensory function, the objective, quantitative evaluation of median nerve motor function is not easy. The motor function of median was evaluated quantitatively using load cell and its correlation with findings of electrodiagnostic study (EDS) was evaluated. Methods : Objective motor function of median nerve was evaluated by load cell and personal computer-based measurement system. All of the measurement was done in patients diagnosed as having idiopathic CTS by clinical features and EDS findings. The strength of thumb abduction and index finger flexion was measured in each hand three times, and the average value was used to calculate thumb index ratio (TIR). The correlation of TIR with clinical, EDS, and ultrasonographic findings were evaluated. Results : The TIR was evaluated in 67 patients (119 hands). There were 14 males and 53 females, mean age were 57.6 years (range 28 to 81). The higher preoperative nerve conductive studies grade of the patients, the lower TIR was observed [p<0.001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. TIR of cases with thenar atrophy were significantly lower than those without (p<0.001, t-test). TIR were significantly lower in patients with severe median nerve swelling in ultrasonography (p=0.042, ANOVA). Conclusion : Measurements of median nerve motor function using load cell is a valuable evaluation tool in CTS. It might be helpful in detecting subclinical motor dysfunction before muscle atrophy develops.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to know the effect of visual feedback self exercise (VFSE) on postural control in stroke patients. METHODS: 26 CVA patients were participated. The experimental group (EG) 12 (46.2%) and the control group (CG) 14 (53.8%), 17 males and 9 females. The subjects preformed VFSE on training instrument 10 minutes for 20 times in 2-3 weeks. The test was done 3 times. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences of the general characteristics of subjects between EG and CG by sex, affected site, muscle tone, sensory deficit, unilateral neglects, and vestibular dysfunction. The postural control effects of VFSE, in the EG showed that there were statistically significant differences among the tests during VFSE. However in the CG there were no statistically significant differences among the tests during VFSE. Also there was statistically significant difference between EG and CG after VFSE (p<.05). On the right hemiplegic EG showed that there was statistically significant difference between premid test and pre-post test after VFSE. But, the left hemiplegic EG showed that there was no statistically significant difference between before and after VFSE with all of tests. CONCLUSION: CVA patients had significant different of body weight ratio between hemiplegic side and the other side. This research suggested that CVA patients need self exercise with visual feedback for the improvement postural control ability. Therefore Physical therapist should not only prescribe hand-on exercise but also need to teach them self sensory feedback exercise to help them improve their postural control.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2005

Central cord syndrome (CCS) is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) syndrome, occured by cervical hyperextension injury. It is characterized by disproportionately greater motor impairment in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities, bladder dysfunction, and variable degrees of sensory loss below the level of injury. Recently 36 year-old male was admitted with upper motor neuron weakness, sensory loss in the upper extremities and stiff neck. We report the improvement of his symptoms through both western medical treatment and oriental medical treatment.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2009

서론: 작업치료사들이 임상에서 아동의 감각통합 기능을 평가할 때, 기초적인 요소로써의 감각, 운동에 관한 신경근계 검사로써임상관찰을 사용하는 것은 표준화된 검사들을 보완하는 것과 더불어 보다 정확한 추론을 위해 중요한 것으로 여겨진다. COMPS(Clinical Observations of Motor and Postural Skills)는 임상관찰의 일부 내용을 7개 항목으로 정리하여 통계적으로 표준화 한 검사도구로서 아동의 문제가 신경근계와 감각통합에 기인한 것인지를 보다 간소한 과정을 거쳐 선별'하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 선행연구들에서 부분적으로 국내 아동의 점수가 외국규준에 비해 높은 것으로 나타나는 등, 국내 적용을 위한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 일반아동에게 COMPS를 실시하여 국내의 정상군 검사결과와 항목에 대한 분석을 통해 우리나라에 맞는 발달기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 7~9세 남학생 76명, 여학생 70명을 대상으로 하였다. 연령대별로는 7세군에서 남학생 21명, 여학생 29명, 8세군에서 남학생 32명, 여학생 22명, 9세군에서 남학생 23명, 여학생 19명이었다. 결과 분석은 COMPS 항목에 대한 성별, 연령별 차이를 분석하기 위해 t 검정과 ANOVA를 실시하였다. 결과: 남녀 성별간에는 복와위 신전 항목을 제외한 나머지 6개 항목에서는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 연령별 결과는 7세와 9세간의 차이를 유의미하게 보이는 항목이 느린 동작, 손가락-코 짚기, 비대칭경반사, 배와위 굴곡이었고, 8세와 9세간에서는 느린 동작, 손가락-코 짚기, 비대칭경반사 항목에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 7세와 8세간에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 국내의 7~9세 사이의 임상관찰검사를 통한 신경근계의 발달적인 특성을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 연구대상을 보다 확대하여 국내인구에서의 임상관찰평가를 표준화하는 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있을 것이다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

It was sometimes difficult to differentiate between acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) and subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (SIDP). The CNS involvement of these polyneuropathies has rarely reported in the literature. We present the case of a 42-year-old man who developed rapidly developing inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy followed by right optic neuritis. This case showed progressive motor weakness and sensory dysfunction with time to nadir at 8 weeks, demyelination in nerve conduction study, no other etiology of neuropathy, no relapse during follow-up of 18 months, good response to steroid and complete recovery which favor SIDP more than A-CIDP. We experienced the case of SIDP associated with optic neuritis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2013

Neural stem cells are found in adult mammalian brain regions including the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In addition to these two regions, other neurogenic regions are often reported in many species. Recently, the subcallosal zone (SCZ) has been identified as a novel neurogenic region where new neuroblasts are spontaneously generated and then, by Bax-dependent apoptosis, eliminated. However, the development of SCZ in the postnatal brain is not yet fully explored. The present study investigated the precise location and amount of neuroblasts in the developing brain. To estimate the importance of programmed cell death (PCD) for SCZ histogenesis, SCZ development in the Bax-knockout (KO) mouse was examined. Interestingly, an accumulation of extra neurons with synaptic fibers in the SCZ of Bax-KO mice was observed. Indeed, Bax-KO mice exhibited enhanced startle response to loud acoustic stimuli and reduced anxiety level. Considering the prevention of PCD in the SCZ leads to sensory-motor gating dysfunction in the Bax-KO mice, active elimination of SCZ neuroblasts may promote optimal brain function.

• Advances in robotics research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2014

Study results in the last decades show that amount and quality of physical exercises, then the active participation, and now the cognitive involvement of patient in rehabilitation training are known of crux to enhance recovery outcome of motor dysfunction patients after stroke. Rehabilitation robots mainly have been developing along this direction to satisfy requirements of recovery therapy, or focusing on one or more of the above three points. Therefore, neuro-machine interaction based active rehabilitation robot has been proposed for assisting paralyzed limb performing designed tasks, which utilizes motor related EEG, UCSDI (Ultrasound Current Source Density Imaging), EMG for rehabilitation robot control and feeds back the multi-sensory interaction information such as visual, auditory, force, haptic sensation to the patient simultaneously. This neuro-controlled and perceptual rehabilitation robot will bring great benefits to post-stroke patients. In order to develop such kind of robot, some key technologies such as noninvasive precise detection of neural signal and realistic sensation feedback need to be solved. There are still some grand challenges in solving the fundamental questions to develop and optimize such kind of neuro-machine interaction based active rehabilitation robot.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2017

Reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus in the sensory ganglion causes herpes zoster (HZ). Its characteristic symptom is a painful rash in the involved dermatome. HZ-induced motor weakness is rare and is usually resolved within one year of the onset, but some patients permanently experience motor dysfunction. Epidural steroid administration, with antiviral therapy, can be effective in treating pain from HZ and preventing postherpetic neuralgia. But an epidural block is contraindicated in patients receiving thromboprophylaxis. A psoas compartment block (PCB) provides equivalent analgesic efficacy with significantly low incidence of complication, compared to an epidural block. A 68 year old male patient recieving thromboprophylaxis presented with motor weakness following painful rash in his left L4 dermatome. Ten days before presentation, herpetic rash occurred on his left leg. We performed PCB with a steroid and local anesthetic, which successfully and safely alleviated the pain and motor weakness from HZ.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2018

Foreign body (FB) impaction in the maxillofacial area could be caused by knives, glass fragments, and vegetative materials. We present the rare case of a 62-year-old man with a large glass FB in the left cheek retained for over 40 years. He had traffic accident over 40 years ago and glass fragments impacted on his left cheek. Glass fragments were retained around the zygomatic arch with dimpled scar and unclear serous discharge, but other facial motor or sensory dysfunction was not observed. We confirmed three glass fragments with radiologic examination including plain radiograph and computed tomographic image. Under general anesthesia, impacted glass fragments were removed through the direct incision on the dimpled scar and the additional incision on the left lateral canthal area. Remnant FBs were not seen on an intraoperative C-arm radiograph. After 2 days of irrigation for inflammation control, the dimpled wound was sutured. The wound was healed without major complication and the original dimpled scar was much improved.