• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.182-190
• /
• 2004

This paper presents reconstruction analysis of vehicle trajectory using records of a developed black box, and results of validation tests. For reconstruction of vehicle trajectory, the black box records the longitudinal and lateral accelerations and yaw-rate of vehicle during a pre-defined time period before and after the accident. One 2-axis accelerometer is used for measuring accelerations, and one vibrating structure type gyroscope is used for measuring yaw-rate of vehicle. The vehicle's planar trajectory can be reconstructed by integrating twice accelerations along longitudinal and lateral directions with yaw-rate values. However, there may be many kinds of errors in sensor measurements. The causes of errors are as follows: mis-alignment, low frequency offset drift, high frequency noise, and projecting 3-dimensional motion into 2-dimensional motion. Therefore, some procedures are taken for error compensation. In order to evaluate the reliability and the accuracy of trajectory reconstruction results, the black box was mounted on a passenger car. The vehicle was driven and tested along various specified lanes. Through the tests, the accuracy and usefulness of the reconstruction analysis have been validated.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.440-446
• /
• 2010

Array-based gas sensors now offer the potential of a robust analytical approach to odor measurement for medical use. We are developing a fast reliable method for detection of microbial infection by monitoring the headspace from the infected wound. In this paper, we present initial results obtained from wound-state monitoring for burn patients using an electronic nose incorporating an automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) desorption system to enable the system to be used for clinical validation. SPME preconcentration is used for sampling of the headspace air and the response of the sensor module to variable concentrations of volatiles emitted from SPME fiber is evaluated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies prove that living bacteria, the typical infectious agents in clinical practice, can be distinguished from each other by means of a limited set of key volatile products. Principal component analysis results give the first indication that infected patients may be distinguished from uninfected patients. Microbial laboratory analysis using clinical samples verifies the performance of the system.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.516-518
• /
• 2022

본 논문에서는 낙상상태를 감지할 수 있는 장단기 메모리(Long Short-Term Memory)를 이용한 낙상감지 시스템에서 은닉층 노드 수 변경에 따른 영향을 소개한다. 3축 가속도 센서를 이용하여 x, y, z축 데이터를 중력 방향과 이루는 각도를 나타내는 파라미터 theta(θ)를 이용하여 훈련을 진행한다. 학습에서는 validation이 진행되어 8:2의 비율로 훈련 데이터와 테스트 데이터로 나뉘며, 효율성을 높이기 위해 은닉층의 노드 수를 변화하며 훈련을 진행한다. 노드 수가 128일 때 Accuracy 99.82%, Specificity 99.58%, Sensitivity 100%로 가장 좋은 정확도를 나타내었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.301-304
• /
• 2008

Since longer wavelength microwave radiation can penetrate clouds, satellite passive microwave sensors can observe sea ice of the entire polar region on a daily basis. Thus, it is becoming popular to derive sea ice motion vectors from a pair of satellite passive microwave sensor images observed at one or few day interval. Usually, the accuracies of derived vectors are validated by comparing with the position data of drifting buoys. However, the number of buoys for validation is always quite limited compared to a large number of vectors derived from satellite images. In this study, the sea ice motion vectors automatically derived from pairs of AMSR-E 89GHz images (IFOV = 3.5 ${\times}$ 5.9km) by an image-to-image cross correlation were validated by comparing with sea ice motion vectors manually derived from pairs of cloudless MODIS images (IFOV=250 ${\times}$ 250m). Since AMSR-E and MODIS are both on the same Aqua satellite of NASA, the observation time of both sensors are the same. The relative errors of AMSR-E vectors against MODIS vectors were calculated. The accuracy validation has been conducted for 5 scenes. If we accept relative error of less than 30% as correct vectors, 75% to 92% of AMSR-E vectors derived from one scene were correct. On the other hand, the percentage of correct sea ice vectors derived from a pair of SSM/I 85GHz images (IFOV = 15 ${\times}$ 13km) observed nearly simultaneously with one of the AMSR-E images was 46%. The difference of the accuracy between AMSR-E and SSM/I is reflecting the difference of IFOV. The accuracies of H and V polarization were different from scene to scene, which may reflect the difference of sea ice distributions and their snow cover of each scene.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.589-598
• /
• 2018

To maintain safety and reliability of reactors, redundant sensors are usually used to measure critical variables and estimate their averaged time-dependency. Nonhealthy sensors can badly influence the estimation result of the process variable. Since online condition monitoring was introduced, the online cross-calibration method has been widely used to detect any anomaly of sensor readings among the redundant group. The cross-calibration method has four main averaging techniques: simple averaging, band averaging, weighted averaging, and parity space averaging (PSA). PSA is used to weigh redundant signals based on their error bounds and their band consistency. Using the consistency weighting factor (C), PSA assigns more weight to consistent signals that have shared bands, based on how many bands they share, and gives inconsistent signals of very low weight. In this article, three approaches are introduced for improving the PSA technique: the first is to add another consistency factor, so called trend consistency (TC), to include a consideration of the preserving of any characteristic edge that reflects the behavior of equipment/component measured by the process parameter; the second approach proposes replacing the error bound/accuracy based weighting factor ($W^a$) with a weighting factor based on the Euclidean distance ($W^d$), and the third approach proposes applying $W^d$, TC, and C, all together. Cold neutron source data sets of four redundant hydrogen pressure transmitters from a research reactor were used to perform the validation and verification. Results showed that the second and third modified approaches lead to reasonable improvement of the PSA technique. All approaches implemented in this study were similar in that they have the capability to (1) identify and isolate a drifted sensor that should undergo calibration, (2) identify a faulty sensor/s due to long and continuous missing data range, and (3) identify a healthy sensor.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 PZT 소자의 정압전 효과에 의한 동적 응답신호를 이용하는 보 구조물 손상 모니터링 기법을 제안하였다. 특히, 모드 변형에너지기반 보 구조물 손상 모니터링에 PZT 정압전 응답신호를 입력자료로 활용하는 방안에 대한 연구에 주안점이 있다. 먼저, PZT 소자의 정압전 효과 및 동적 변형률 응답의 이론적 배경을 요약하였다. 다음으로, 모드 변형에너지기반 보 구조물 손상위치 모니터링 기법을 제시하였다. 제시된 기법의 적합성을 검증하기 위해, 캔틸레버 보 모형을 대상으로 강제진동 실험을 수행하였으며, 세 종류의 센서(가속도계, PZT 센서, 변형률계)를 통해 동적 응답신호가 계측되었다. 손상 전후에 계측된 이들 진동신호들을 사용하여 모드 변형에너지기반의 손상위치 모니터링이 수행되었다.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.148-154
• /
• 2015

구조건전성 모니터링은 구조물에 발생된 손상을 조기에 감지 및 적절한 유지보수를 통해 재정적 혹은 인명 피해를 방지하기 위해 실시된다. 대부분의 능동센싱 기반 구조건전성 모니터링에서는 많은 수의 압전체(piezoelectric transducer) 센서와 구동기(actuator)를 필요로 한다. 구조건전성 모니터링 시 사용된 압전센서에 결합이 존재하는 경우, 구조물의 상태진단에 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 신뢰성 있는 구조건전성 모니터링 결과를 위해 임피던스 기반 센서 자가 진단법을 사용하여 다수 센서의 결함을 탐지하였다. 또한 사용된 접착제와 센서의 정보가 충분치 못한 경우, 사용된 센서로부터 측정된 데이터만을 토대로 센서결함 진단을 위한 알고리즘을 소개하였다. 알고리즘이 적용 가능한 온도 범위를 실험적으로 분석함으로써 개발된 기법이 실제 환경에서 응용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 하지의 좌우 불균형 검출을 위한 밸런스 측정 인솔을 개발하고 불균형을 개선하기 위한 청각 피드백 기술에 대한 검증을 하고자 하였다. 밸런스 인솔은 실시간 압력 감지 범위가 64 단계이며 발바닥 압력분포를 고려해 8개 부위에 FSR 센서를 탑재한 FPCB로 구성되었다. 피험자는 하지의 좌우 근력차이가 20% 이상 차이가 나는 피험자 20명을 선출하였다. 피험자들은 경사 0, 5, 10%와 속도 3, 4, 5km/h 로 15분 간 트레드밀 위에서 보행을 하였다. 또한 보행 시 나타나는 좌우 불균형을 평가 및 청각 피드백에 따른 개선효과를 검증하기 위해 측정된 족압 센서 데이터와 실시간 근육생리신호 데이터를 비교분석하였다. 실험 결과, 보행경사와 속도가 증가할수록 하지 좌우의 근력 불균형을 보유한 피험자들은 75.7%~140.9%까지 증가하는 반면 청각 피드백을 제공 시 10% 이내로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발 인솔 시스템을 이용한 보행환경에 따른 인체 좌우 불균형 발생시 FSR 신호 감도 결과와 인체생리신호 간 유효한 결과를 보였다. 향후 밸런스 피드백 보행 시 하지 좌우 불균형 개선 효과 경향을 보여 향후 족부 영역별 FSR 센서 민감도, 불균형 검출 및 개선을 위한 역치점 처리 알고리즘 개발에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.489-492
• /
• 2005

Even though the blood pressure is one of the most widely used index for the healthcare monitoring of hypertensive and normotensive persons, there is no non-intrusive measurement method which is commercialized until now. Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) is known that it has close relation with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and arterial stiffness. In this study, SBP estimation methods by non-intrusive measurement of PAT are suggested. For the unconstrained measurement of PAT, the first method used the electrically non contact electrocardiogram (ENC-ECG) technique and the reflective type of Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor on the computer mouse. In the second method, ENC-ECG and the air pressure sensor in the seat cushion on a chair were measured. The third method used ECG electrodes and PPG sensors on the toilet seat cover. The validation and regression analysis of the relationship of PAT and SBP are summarized. These methods have considerable errors to be used for all people. But these can be applied for each subject after the parameter customization within acceptable error. So, it is feasible for suggested methods to be used for monitoring of SBP in daily life in non-intrusive way when there is personal identification system of each subject.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.225-236
• /
• 2017

Railroad bridges in North America are an integral but aging part of the railroad network and are typically only monitored using visual inspections. When quantitative information is required for assessment, railroads often monitor bridges using accelerometers. However without a sensor to directly measure displacements, it is difficult to interpret these results as they relate to bridge performance. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a non-contact sensor technology capable of directly measuring the displacement of any visible bridge component. In this research, a railroad bridge was monitored under load using DIC and accelerometers. DIC measurements are directly compared to serviceability limits and it is observed that the bridge is compliant. The accelerometer data is also used to calculate displacements which are compared to the DIC measurements to assess the accuracy of the accelerometer measurements. These measurements compared well for zero-mean lateral data, providing measurement redundancy and validation. The lateral displacements from both the accelerometers and DIC at the supports were then used to determine the source of lateral displacements within the support system.