• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2001

발기부전 환자에서 홍삼의 치료효능을 평가하기 위하여 발기 능력을 측정하고 발기부전의 치료효과를 평가하기 위하여 개발되어 국제적으로 발기부전의 평가지표로 인정되고 있는 IIEF를 이용하여 시행한 연구 결과에서 발기력 강도와 유지의 일차 유효성 평가에서 위약군에 비하여 치료효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 5개의 범주로 나누어 분석한 이차 유효성평가에서는 성적 욕구의 범주의 성욕의 빈도 및 성욕의 정도 항목과 성교 시도 횟수 항목을 제외한 모든 항목에서 홍삼 투여군에서 위약 투여군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 치료 효과를 나타내었다. 8주간 투약종료시범에서 치료가 대상환자에게 도움이 되었는가를 알아보는 유효성 평가 문항에서 홍삼 투여군은 58.3%(14/24)에서 도움이 되었다고 답변을 하여 위약 투여군의 26.1%(6/23)에 비하여 유의하게 높은 치료효과를 나타내었으며, 약물의 안정성 평가에서는 약물관련 특이 반응이나 특별한 부작용은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로 발기부전 환자에서 홍삼의 투여가 특별한 독성이나 부작용 없이 위약군에 비하여 좋은 치료효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 단독 투여뿐만 아니라 다른 발기부전 치료제와의 병용 요법에 따른 상승효과(synergic effect) 등에 대하여도 임상 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

In Iran, $Plasmodium$ $vivax$ is responsible for more than 80% of the infected cases of malaria per year. Control interventions for vivax malaria in humans rely mainly on developed diagnostic methods. Recombinant $P.$ $vivax$ apical membrane antigen-1 (rPvAMA-1) has been reported to achieve designing rapid, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis. This study aimed to perform isolation and expression of a rPvAMA-1, derived from Iranian patients residing in an endemic area. Then, the diagnostic efficiency of the characterized Iranian PvAMA-1 was assessed using an indirect ELISA method. For this purpose, a partial region of AMA-1 gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in pET32a plasmid. The recombinant $His-tagged$ protein was purified and used to coat the ELISA plate. Antibody detection was assessed by indirect ELISA using rPvAMA-1. The validity of the ELISA method for detection of anti-$P.$ $vivax$ antibodies in the field was compared to light microscopy on 84 confirmed $P.$ $vivax$ patients and compared to 84 non-$P.$ $vivax$ infected individuals. The ELISA cut-off value was calculated as the mean+2SD of OD values of the people living in malaria endemic areas from a south part of Iran. We found a cut-off point of OD=0.311 that showed the best correlation between the sera confirmed with $P.$ $vivax$ infection and healthy control sera. A sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 84.5% were found at this cut off titer. A good degree of statistical agreement was found between ELISA using rPvAMA-1 and light microscopy (0.827) by Kappa analysis.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2003

느타리버섯에 발생하여 갈색부패병을 일으키는 P. tolaasii 및 P.agarici 를 면역화학적 방법으로 신속하게 검출하기 위한 항체를 생산하였고 면역확산법과 ELISA 로 본 항체의 특이성을 조사하였다. $\alpha$-P tolaasii 항체는 P. tolaasii와 반응하여 선명한 침강선을 형성하지 않아 P. tolaasii 에 대하여만 특이적으로 반응하는 항체임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 $\alpha$-P. agarici 항체는 P.agarici뿐만 아니라 다른 세균에 대해서도 침강선을 형성하지 않는 특징을 나타내었다. 비경합 간접 ELISA의 표준곡선으로부터 P.agarici의 검출에 대하여 최고 발색치의 50% 갑을 나타내는 균의 밀도는 $2{\times}10^4$ cfu/ml로 나타났으며, 검출한계농도는 $2{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml 이었다.${\alpha}$-P. agarici 항체는 P. tolaasii의 특이적인 검출에도 효과를 나타냈다. ${\alpha}$-P. tolaasii, ${\alpha}$-P. agarici 항체를 이용하여 확립한 ELISA법은 직접 균체나 버섯 자실체내 P. tolaasii 와 P. agarici의 신속한 검출을 가능하게 하였고, P. tolaasii 와 P. agarici에 오염된 시료를 간단하게 진단하는데 아주 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1369-1373
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• 2014

Objectives: To study application of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT for predicting prognosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESC) patients. Methods: Eighty-six patients with ESC staged from I to IV were prospectively enrolled. Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or palliative chemoradiotherapy were the main treatment methods and none received surgery. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans were performed before the treatment. SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were measured for the primary esophageal lesion and regional lymph nodes. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were generated to calculate the P value of the predictive ability and the optimal threshold. Results: MTV and TLG proved to be good indexes in the prediction of outcome for the ESC patients. An MTV value of 15.6 ml and a TLG value of 183.5 were optimal threshold to predict the overall survival (OS). The areas under the curve (AUC) for MTV and TLG were 0.74 and 0.70, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an MTV less than 15.6 ml and a TLG less than 183.5 to indicate good media survival time (p value <0.05). In the stage III-IV patient group, MTV could better predict the OS (P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.80 and 0.67, respectively. Conclusions: Pre-treatment MTV and TLG are useful prognostic factors in nonsurgical ESC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8553-8557
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• 2016

Background: Accurate dose assessment and correct identification of irradiated from non-irradiated people are goals of biological dosimetry in radiation accidents. Objectives: Changes in the FDXR and the RAD51 gene expression (GE) levels were here analyzed in response to total body exposure (TBE) to a 6 MV x-ray beam in rats. We determined the accuracy for absolute quantification of GE to predict the dose at 24 hours. Materials and Methods: For this in vivo experimental study, using simple randomized sampling, peripheral blood samples were collected from a total of 20 Wistar rats at 24 hours following exposure of total body to 6 MV X-ray beam energy with doses (0.2, 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy) for TBE in Linac Varian 2100C/D (Varian, USA) in Golestan Hospital, in Ahvaz, Iran. Also, 9 rats was irradiated with a 6MV X-ray beam at doses of 1, 2, 3 Gy in 6MV energy as a validation group. A sham group was also included. After RNA extraction and DNA synthesis, GE changes were measured by the QRT-PCR technique and an absolute quantification strategy by taqman methodology in peripheral blood from rats. ROC analysis was used to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated samples (qualitative dose assessment) at a dose of 2 Gy. Results: The best fits for mean of responses were polynomial equations with a R2 of 0.98 and 0.90 (for FDXR and RAD51 dose response curves, respectively). Dose response of the FDXR gene produced a better mean dose estimation of irradiated "validation" samples compared to the RAD51 gene at doses of 1, 2 and 3 Gy. FDXR gene expression separated the irradiated rats from controls with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 87.5%, 83.5% and 81.3%, respectively, 24 hours after dose of 2 Gy. These values were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the 75%, 75% and 75%, respectively, obtained using gene expression of RAD51 analysis at a dose of 2 Gy. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that absolute quantification by gel purified quantitative RT-PCR can be used to measure the mRNA copies for GE biodosimetry studies at comparable accuracy to similar methods. In the case of TBE with 6MV energy, FDXR gene expression analysis is more precise than that with RAD51 for quantitative and qualitative dose assessment.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2006

목적: TNM 분류법의 임상적 분류법과 병리학적 분류법은 항상 일치하지는 않는다. 진행성 위암의 육안적 침윤정도 특히 육안적 장막침윤의 의의를 파악하고, 육안적 침윤정도와 병리학적 침윤정도의 일치율을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년부터 1999년까지 경북대학교병원 외과에서 진행성 위암으로 수술 받은 789명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 육안적 및 병리학적 장막침윤 여부에 따른 환자의 예후와 재발양상을 분석하고 육안적 장막침윤과 병리학적 장막침윤이 일치하지 않는 경우는 이에 영향을 주는 인자를 찾았다. 결과: 병리학적 장막침윤에 따른 예후뿐 아니라 육안적 장막침윤에 따른 예후도 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 육안적 장막침윤이 있는 경우의 42.2%와 병리학적 장막침윤이 있는 경우의 41.4%에서 재발하였으며, 복막재발의 빈도는 19.8% 및 21.9%로 비슷하였다. 육안적 장막침윤 판정의 민감도는 70.3%, 특이도는 77.0%, 양성예측도는 56,4%, 음성 예측도는 86.5%이었다 cT3/ss cancer와 cT3/se cancer와의 비교에서 원격전이 유무 및 육안적 형태에 따라서 유의한 차이를 나타내었고, 다변량 분석에서 두 변수 모두 cT3 cancer가 병리학적으로 ss cancer로 판정될 위험 인자이었다. 결론: 종양이 Borrmann I형이나 II형인 경우와 원격 전이가 없는 경우에는 육안적으로 장막침윤이 있더라도 병리학적으로는 장막침윤이 없을 가능성이 있기 때문에 주의를 요하지만, 위암의 육안적 장막침윤 여부는 환자의 생존율과 근치적 수술 후의 재발양상을 잘 반영하기 때문에 종양학적 가치가 충분하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2005

Objectives: Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) redefined the criteria of prediabetes, which has lowered the diagnostic level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from 110 to 125 mg/dl, down to levels between 100 to 125mg/dl. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive cutoff level of FPG as a risk for the development of diabetes mellitus in Korean men. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 11,423 (64.5%) out of 17,696 males $\leq$30 years of age, and who met the FPG of $\leq$125 mg/dl and hemoglobin A1c of $\leq$ 6.4% criteria, without a history of diabetes, and who were enrolled at the screening center of a certain university hospital between January and December 1999. The subjects were followed from January 1999 to December 2002 (mean follow-up duration; 2.3(${\pm}0.7$) years). They were classified as normal (FPG <100mg/dl), high glucose (FPG $\geq$100mg/dl and <110mg/dl) and impaired fasting glucose (FPG $\geq$110mg/dl and $\leq$125mg/dl) on the basis of their fasting plasma glucose level measured in 1999. We compared the incidence of diabetes between the 3 groups by performing Cox proportional hazards model and used receiver operating characteristic analyses of the FPG level, in order to estimate the optimal cut-off values as predictors of incident diabetes. Results: At the baseline, most of the study subjects were in age in their 30s to 40s (mean age, 41.8(${\pm}7.1$) year). The incidence of diabetes mellitus in this study was 1.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI=0.68-1.79), which was much lower than the results of a community-based study that was 5.01 per 1,000 person-years. The relative risks of incident diabetes in the high glucose and impaired fasting glucose groups, compared with the normal glucose group, were 10.3 (95% CI=2.58-41.2) and 95.2 (95% CI= 29.3-309.1), respectively. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and log triglyceride, a FPG greater than 100mg/dl remained significant predictors of incident diabetes. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes was 97.5 mg/dl, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 81.0% and 86.0%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that lowering the criteria of impaired fasting glucose is needed in Korean male adults. Future studies on community-based populations, including women, will be required to determine the optimal cutoff level of FPG as a predictor of incident diabetes.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2013

Purpose: Whole-body PET using radiopharmaceutical is one of the imaging study methods for physiological changes of body. High specificity of the PET-CT examination is used to detect an early stages of cancer and metastatic cancer by imaging a physiological changes. During the imaging process, PET image has been characterized by a relatively low image quality due to its low sensitivity and the acquisition of random and scatter coincidences as well as patients figure. Therefore, the image quality as the changes of the acquisition times of patient weight was evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who presented to our hospital were enrolled. They were divided to normal, overweight, and obese group using BMI index, respectively. The patients with a liver disease and diabetes were excluded. $^{18}F-FDG$ was administered to the patients as 5.2 MBq per kg. After an hour from an injection, image acquisition was obtained as List mode in a part of liver in 1 bed. SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of each groups acquisition times were confirmed from the calculated radiation counts and random fractions. The statistical significance of three groups was confirmed through one-way ANOVA test. On the basis of the counts of 2 minutes on normal group, the SNR of overweight group and obese group were compared. Results: The SNR were increased with loger aquisition time in 3 groups. In the condition of same acquisition time, the SNR had a statistical significance (P<0.05). The SNR were decreased to the normal, overweight, and obese, respectively. Liver activity had no significance difference on each group and RF had the significance differences (P<0.05). On the basis of the counts of 2 minutes on normal group, there were no statistical significance in a three minute acquisitions of overweight group and two minute acquisitions of obese group (P=0.150). Conclusion: In this study, the administrated amount of radiation dose did not adjust as the change of the patients weight. Increasing the acquisition time when the administration of the same amount of dose was able to get a good result of SNR. When the Based 2 minute on normal group, if overweight and obese case the increased acquisition time of 3 minute was able to obtain a similar SNR. On the basis of the normal group, the acquisition times of overweight and obese group were increased to 3 minutes per bed and the SNR were similar to the normal group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1411-1414
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• 2016

Background: Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) is an eosinophil count more than 10% on cytology of pleural samples. Recently, it was reported that malignancy had been the most prevalent cause inducing EPE. Therefore, we conducted an analysis on the prevalence and etiology of EPE and investigated the relationship between EPE and malignancy. Materials and Methods: Data for pleural cell differential count from patients receiving thoracentesis during the period from January 2008 to December 2013 were compared with clinical data and established diagnosis of patients obtained via electronic chart review. Results: A total of 6,801 requests of pleural cytology from 3,942 patients with pleural effusion who had received thoracentesis were available at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital from 2008 to 2013, and of these subjects, 115 (2.9%) were found to have EPE. The most frequent cause of EPE was malignancy (33.0%, n=38), followed by parapneumonic effusions (27.8%, n=32), tuberculosis pleuritis (13.9%, n=16), transudate effusions (12.2%, n=14) and the presence of blood or air in pleural space (10.4%, n=12). Additionally, an inverse relationship of eosinophilia in pleural fluid was identified in patients with malignancy and EPE. The cut-off eosinophil count in pleural fluid was 15% for the most accurate discrimination between malignancy and benign disorders in patients with EPE. At the cut-off level, the sensitivity and specificity were 65.8% and 67.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Pleural fluid eosinophilia was a speculative negative predictor for malignancy, despite the fact that cancers, including lung cancers and metastatic cancers to lung, were the most leading cause of pleural fluid eosinophilia. An inverse correlation was observed between the pleural eosinophil percentage and the likelihood of malignancy in patients with EPE.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5043-5047
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• 2015

Background: Relatively little is known with certainty about the status and role of p53 or MDM2 in predicting prognosis and survival of renal cell carcinoma. The present study aimed to determine the value of P53 and MDM2 over-expression, alone and simultaneously, to predict five-year survival of patients with kidney cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: Patients with kidney cancer referred to Hasheminejad Kidney Center between 2007 and 2009, underwent radical nephrectomy and had pathology reports of clear cell, papillary or chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were included in our cohort study. Other histological types of renal cell carcinoma were not included. The patients with missed, incomplete or poor quality paraffin blocks were also excluded. Overall ninety one patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To assess the histopathological features of the tumor, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were performed. The five-year survival was determined by the patients' medical files and telephone following-up. Results: In total, 1.1% of all samples were revealed to be positive for P53. Also, 20.8% of all samples were revealed to be positive for MDM2.The patients were all followed for 5 years. In this regard, 5-year mortality was 30.5% and thus 5-year survival was 85.3%. According to the Cox proportional hazard analysis, positive P53 marker was only predictor for patients' 5-year survival that the presence of positive p53 increased the risk for long-term mortality up to 2.8 times (HR=2.798, 95%CI: 1.176-6.660, P=0.020). However, the presence of MDM2 could not predict long-term mortality. In this regard, analysis by the ROC curve showed a limited role for predicting long-term survival by confirming P53 positivity (AUC=0.610, 95%CI: 0.471-.750, P=0.106). The best cutoff point for P53 to predict mortality was 0.5 yielding a low sensitivity (32.0%) but a high specificity (97.9%). In similar analysis, measurement of MDM2 positivity could not predict mortality (AUC=0.449, 95%CI: 0.316-.583, P=0.455). Conclusions: The simultaneous presence of both P53 and MDM2 markers in our population is a rare phenomenon and the presence of these markers may not predict long-term survival in patients who undergoing radical nephrectomy.