• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.389-399
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• 2010

Available transfer capability (ATC) is a measure of the transfer capability remaining in a transmission system. Application of unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) could have positive impacts on the ATC of some paths while it might have a negative impact on the ATC of other paths. This paper presents an approach to evaluate the impacts of UPFCs on the ATC from a cost/worth point of view. The UPFC application worth is considered as the maximum cost saving in enhancing the ATC of the paths due to the UPFC implementation. The cost saving is considered as the cost of optimal application of other system reinforcement alternatives (except for UPFC) to reach the same ATC level obtained by UPFC application. UPFC application costs include the maximum cost of alleviating the probable negative impact on the ATC of some paths caused by implementing UPFCs. Optimal system reinforcement is used for systems with UPFCs to determine the aforementioned cost. The proposed method is applied to the IEEERTS and the results are evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. The cost/worth of UPFC application is also used to develop an index for optimal UPFC location and the results are compared with those of other indices. A comparison is finally made with the results obtained using an existing ATC allocation profit-based approach to determine UPFC application worth.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2012

A europium (III)-sensitized, spectrofluorimetric (FL) method is presented for the determination of sparfloxacin (SPAR) using an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS). The method is based on the strong fluorescence (FL) enhancement of SPAR after the addition of $Eu^{3+}$ ions as fluorescence probes. The experimental results indicated that the FL intensity of the SPAR-$Eu^{3+}$ system was enhanced markedly by SDBS. The maximum FL emission signal was obtained at about 615 nm when excited at 372 nm. The experimental conditions that affected the FL intensity of the SPAR-$Eu^{3+}$-SDBS system were optimized systematically. The enhanced FL intensity of the system exhibited a good linear relationship with the SPAR concentration over the range of $1.5{\times}10^{-9}-1.2{\times}10^{-7}mol\;L^{-1}$ with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9987. The limit of detection ($3{\delta}$) was $4.15{\times}10^{-10}mol\;L^{-1}$ with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.65%. This method was successfully applied for the determination of SPAR in pharmaceuticals, and human serum and urine samples with higher sensitivity, wide dynamic range and better stability. The possible interaction mechanism of the system is also discussed in detail by ultraviolet absorption spectra and FL spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.437-471
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• 2002

The photosensitivity enhancement of photoresist achieved by the addition of acid amplifiers stems from the autocatalytic decomposition of the acid amplifiers triggered by acidic species generated from a photoacid gen-erator. In this research we synthesized and evaluated 4-hydroxy-4'-p-styrenesulfonyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohex-ane(1), 4,4'-di-p-styrenesulfonyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane(2) and 4-p-styrenesulfonyloxy-4'-tosyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane(3) as novel acid amplifiers. These acid amplifiers(1-3) showed reasonable thermal stability for resist pro-cessing temperature. As estimated by the sensitivity curve, 1-3 were 2X-12X sensitive than poly(tert-butyl meth-acrylate) film in the presence of a photoacid generator and, therefore, provides practical applicability for photoimaging.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.351-360
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate noninvasive biomarkers for predicting treatment response in patients with locally advanced HCC who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRTx). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients (55.5 ± 10.2 years old, M:F = 24:6) who underwent CCRTx due to advanced HCC were enrolled. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained before and immediately after CCRTx. The third CEUS was obtained at one month after CCRTx was completed. Response was assessed at three months after CCRTx based on RECIST 1.1. Quantitative imaging biomarkers measured with CEUS and MRI were compared between groups. A cutoff value was calculated with ROC analysis. Overall survival (OS) was compared by the Breslow method. Results: Twenty-five patients were categorized into the non-progression group and five patients were categorized into the progression group. Peak enhancement of the first CEUS before CCRTx (PE1) was significantly lower in the non-progression group (median, 18.6%; IQR, 20.9%) than that in the progression group (median, 59.1%; IQR, 13.5%; P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in other quantitative biomarkers between the two groups. On ROC analysis, with a cutoff value of 42.6% in PE1, the non-progression group was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 100%. OS was also significantly longer in patients with PE1 < 42.6% (P = 0.014). Conclusion: Early treatment response and OS could be predicted by PE on CEUS before CCRTx in patients with HCC.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2017

Purpose: Evaluation of alveolar bone is important in the diagnosis of dental diseases. The periodontal ligament space is difficult to clearly depict in cone-beam computed tomography images because the reconstruction filter conditions during image processing cause image blurring, resulting in decreased spatial resolution. We examined different reconstruction filters to assess their ability to improve spatial resolution and allow for a clearer visualization of the periodontal ligament space. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography projections of 2 skull phantoms were reconstructed using 6 reconstruction conditions and then compared using the Thurstone paired comparison method. Physical evaluations, including the modulation transfer function and the Wiener spectrum, as well as an assessment of space visibility, were undertaken using experimental phantoms. Results: Image reconstruction using a modified Shepp-Logan filter resulted in better sensory, physical, and quantitative evaluations. The reconstruction conditions substantially improved the spatial resolution and visualization of the periodontal ligament space. The difference in sensitivity was obtained by altering the reconstruction filter. Conclusion: Modifying the characteristics of a reconstruction filter can generate significant improvement in assessments of the periodontal ligament space. A high-frequency enhancement filter improves the visualization of thin structures and will be useful when accurate assessment of the periodontal ligament space is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 1995

A study was carried out for the development of direct determination of antimony in high purity copper metal without preseparation. The large excess of copper seemed to be performed as the matrix modifier to enhance the absorbance of antimony in copper metal. Sensitivity enhancement of Sb was obtained at the condition of the ashing temperature of $600^{\circ}C(20s){\sim}700^{\circ}C(10s)$ rather than $1000^{\circ}C(20s){\sim}1100^{\circ}C(10s)$, and the atomization temperature of $2200^{\circ}C.$ The operating pressure of argon gas was readjusted to the optimum condition at 2.0 kg/$cm^2.$ The linearity of the Sb calibration graph could be obtained in the range of 20 ppb up to 200 ppb Sb in existence of 5,000 ppm Cu with the coefficient of variation of about 5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.963-966
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• 2005

Model updating method is known to the area to correct finite element models by the results of the experimental modal analysis. Most common methods in model updating depend on a parametric model of the structure. In this case, the number of parameters is normally smaller than that of modal data obtained from an experiment. In order to overcome this limitation, many researchers are trying to get modal data as many as possible to date. 1 want to name this method multiple modified-system generation method. These Methods consist of direct system modification method and feedback controller method. The direct system modification Is to add a mass or stiffness on the original structure or perturb the boundary conditions. The feedback controller method is to make the closed food system with sensor and actuator so as to get the closed loop modal data. In this paper, we need to focus on the feedback controller method because of its simplicity. Several methods related the feedback controller methods are virtual passive controller (VPC) sensitivity enhancement controller (SEC) and mode decoupling controller (MDC). Among them, we will apply MDC to the model updating problem. MDC has various advantages compared with other controllers, such as VPC and SEC. To begin with, only the target mode can be changed without changing modal property of non-target modes. In addition, it is possible to fix any modes if the number of sensors is equal to that of the system modes. Finally, the required control power to achieve desired change of target mode is always lower than those of other methods such as VPC. However, MDC can make the closed loop system unstable when using incomplete modal data. So we need to take action to avoid undesirable instability from incomplete modal data. In this paper, we address the method to design the unique and robust MDD obtained from incomplete modal data. The associated simulation will be Incorporated to demonstrate the usefulness of this method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.561-566
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• 2021

The optimum kernel size for error-distribution estimation with given error samples cannot be used in the weight adjustment of minimum Euclidean distance between error distributions (MED) algorithms. In this paper, a new adaptive kernel estimation method for convergence enhancement of MED algorithms is proposed. The proposed method uses the average rate of change in error power with respect to a small interval of the kernel width for weight adjustment of the MED learning algorithm. The proposed kernel adjustment method is applied to experiments in communication channel compensation, and performance improvement is demonstrated. Unlike the conventional method yielding a very small kernel calculated through optimum estimation of error distribution, the proposed method converges to an appropriate kernel size for weight adjustment of the MED algorithm. The experimental results confirm that the proposed kernel estimation method for MED can be considered a method that can solve the sensitivity problem from choosing an appropriate kernel size for the MED algorithm.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.643-655
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• 2018

Background/Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease characterized by intestinal dysmotility, the mechanism of which remains elusive. We aim to determine whether the high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1), a determinant of cholinergic signaling capacity, modulates intestinal motility associated with stress-induced IBS. Methods A rat IBS model was established using chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Colonic pathological alterations were evaluated histologically and intestinal motility was assessed by intestinal transit time and fecal water content (FWC). Visceral sensitivity was determined by visceromotor response to colorectal distension. RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunostaining were performed to identify colonic CHT1 expression. Contractility of colonic muscle strips was measured using isometric transducers. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure acetylcholine (ACh). We examined the effects of MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer, on colonic motility. Results After 10 days of WAS, intestinal transit time was decreased and fecal water content increased. Visceromotor response magnitude in WAS rats in response to colorectal distension was significantly enhanced. Protein and mRNA CHT1 levels in the colon were markedly elevated after WAS. The density of CHT1-positive intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric plexus neurons in WAS rats was higher than in controls. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate partly reversed CHT1 upregulation and alleviated colonic hypermotility in WAS rats. Pharmacological enhancement of CHT1 activity by MKC-231 enhanced colonic motility in control rats via upregulation of CHT1 and elevation of ACh production. Conclusion Upregulation of CHT1 in intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric plexus neurons is implicated in chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility by modulation of ACh synthesis via nuclear factor-kappa B signaling.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting nursing students' professional self-concept. Methods: A survey was conducted from August to October 2022, targeting 110 students in the 3rd and 4th grades at three universities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: There were significant differences in professional self-concept according to application motivation (F=5.43, p=.006), school record (F=3.24, p=.043), major satisfaction (t=-6.38, p<.001), desired occupation (F=9.30, p<.001), participant health status (F=4.31, p=.016), character (F=25.29, p<.001), clinical practice satisfaction (t=-5.36, p<.001), and change of thinking about career path after clinical practice (t=2.78, p=.006). Professional self-concept showed significant correlations with clinical practice stress (r=-0.37, p<.001) and resilience (r=0.66, p<.001). The variables affecting nursing students' professional self-concept were resilience (β=.38, p<.001), character (β=.32, p<.001), major satisfaction (β=.28, p<.001), and clinical practice stress (β=-.18, p=.007); the explanatory power was 65%. Conclusion: A professional self-concept enhancement program should be developed to promote the establishment of a positive professional self-concept in nursing students. As a strategy, it should reflect individual personality tendencies, improve major satisfaction and resilience, and reduce clinical practice stress.