• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

The semiconductor industry has continuously been looking for the ways to improve yield and to reduce manufacturing cost. The layout modification approach, one of yield enhancement techniques, is applicable to all design styles, but it does not require any additional resources in terms of silicon area. The layout modification method for yield enhancement consists of making local variations in the layout of some layers in such a way that the critical area, and consequently the sensitivity of the layer to point defects, is reduced. Chen and Koren (1995) proposed a greedy algorithm that removes defect sensitive area using via moving, but it is easy to fall into a local minimum. In this paper, we present a via moving algorithm using simulated annealing and enhance yield by diminishing defect sensitive area. As a result, we could decrease the defect sensitive area effectively compared to the greedy algorithm presented by Chen and Koren. We expect that the proposed algorithm can make significant contributions on company profit through yield enhancement.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2019

Enhancement of footwear impressions in urine on the surface of tiles by using p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), which react with urea, and ninhydrin, 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO), 1,2-indanedione/zinc (1,2-IND/Zn), which react with amino acid, was studied. As a result of comparing the application methods of reagents, the ninhydrin and the 1,2-IND/Zn were suitable for application with spray method, which is spray directly on footwear impression, DFO and DMAC were suitable for application with dry contact method, which is applying heat with press to DMAC impregnated paper on footwear impression. In addition, DMAC applied with dry contact method showed best contrast and enhancement result in both white and black colored tiles by comparing of the sensitivity by different dilution ratio of urine and the aging time of footwear impressions in urine. And the result of applied with DMAC (with dry contact method) on the floor tiles collected at various places in a building's men's and women's bathrooms, it can be successfully enhanced that footwear impressions in urine. So it is believed that the method can be used to recover footwear impressions in urine from real crime scenes.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 2020

In recent years, there have been concerted efforts toward predicting ship maneuvering in shallow water since the majority of ship's accidents near harbors commonly occur in shallow and restricted waters. Enhancement of ship maneuverability at the design stage is crucial in ensuring that a ship navigates safely. However, though challenging, establishing the mathematical model of ship maneuvering motion is recognized as crucial toward accurately predicting the assessment of maneuverability. This paper focused on a study on sensitivity analysis of the hydrodynamic coefficients on the maneuverability prediction of KVLCC2 in shallow waters. Hydrodynamic coefficients at different water depths were estimated from the experimental results conducted in the square tank at Changwon National University (CWNU). The simulation of standard maneuvering of KVLLC2 in shallow waters was compared with the results of the Free Running Model Test (FRMT) in shallow waters from other institutes. Additionally the sensitivity analysis of all hydrodynamic coefficients was conducted by deviating each hydrodynamic derivative from the experimental results. The standard maneuvering parameters including turning tests and zig-zag maneuvers were conducted at different water depths and their effects on the standard maneuvering parameters were assessed to understand the importance of different derivatives in ship maneuvering in shallow waters.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

Various problems such as the increase of the power loss and the voltage instability may often occur in the case of low load power factor. The demand of reactive power increases continuously with the growth of active power and the restructuring of electric power companies makes the comprehensive management of reactive power a troublesome problem, so that the systematic control of load power factor is required. In this paper, the load power factor sensitivity of the generation cost is derived and it is used for determining the locations of reactive power compensation devices effectively and for enhancing the load power factor appropriately. In addition, the voltage variation penalty cost is introduced and the integrated costs including the voltage variation penalty cost are used for determining the value of the load power factor from the point of view of the economic investment and voltage regulation. It is shown through the application to a large-scale power system that the load power factor can be enhanced effectively and appropriately using the load power factor sensitivity and integrated costs.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

5-methylthioninhydrin (5-MTN) is an amino acid sensitive reagent used for the development of latent fingermarks deposited on porous surfaces such as paper and wood. The present study demonstrates that the 5-MTN can be used as a latent footwear impression enhancement reagent, by reacting with trace multivalent metal ions, which are the main components of the latent footwear impression. 5-MTN and L-alanine complex (MTN-ALA) used for the latent footwear impression development was prepared, by mixing $4.5{\times}10^{-3}M$ 5-MTN (in methanol) and $4.5{\times}10^{-3}M$ L-alanine (in methanol) in 1:1 ratio, and keeping undisturbed at room temperature for 24 h. The latent footwear impressions were deposited on white and black non-porous surfaces (glass plate, polyethylene panel, polypropylene panel, acryl panel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) panel, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) panel, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) panel, tile), and a semi-porous surfaces (painted wood). The latent footwear impressions on these surfaces were treated with MTN-ALA complex by spraying. The fluorescence of footwear impressions (occurred due to the reaction between MTN-ALA and metal complexes) was observed under a 505 nm forensic light source and an orange barrier filter. The enhancement of latent footwear impression was achieved from black surfaces without any blurring. However, the fluorescence (enhancement) of footwear impression was not observed on the white PVC, PMMA, and ABS surfaces, because the incident light interfered and reflected on the surface. The sensitivity of MTN-ALA was superior to 2,2'-dipyridil, which is a representative non-fluorescing footwear impression enhancement reagent, and similar to 8-hydroxyquinoline, which is a representative fluorescing footwear impression enhancement reagent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2021

Objective : This study aims to investigate the relationship between aneurysm wall enhancement and clinical rupture risks based on the magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) quantitative methods. Methods : One hundred and eight patients with 127 unruptured aneurysms were prospectively enrolled from Feburary 2016 to October 2017. Aneurysms were divided into high risk (≥10) and intermediate-low risk group (<10) according to the PHASES (Population, Hypertension, Age, Size of aneurysm, Earlier SAH history from another aneurysm, Site of aneurysm) scores. Clinical risk factors, aneurysm morphology, and wall enhancement index (WEI) calculated using 3D MR-VWI were analyzed and compared. Results : In comparison of high-risk and intermediated-low risk groups, univariate analysis showed that neck width (4.5±3.3 mm vs. 3.4±1.7 mm, p=0.002), the presence of wall enhancement (100.0% vs. 62.9%, p<0.001), and WEI (1.6±0.6 vs. 0.8±0.8, p<0.001) were significantly associated with high rupture risk. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that WEI was the most important factor in predicting high rupture risk (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.9; p=0.002). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis can efficiently differentiate higher risk aneurysms (area under the curve, 0.780; p<0.001) which have a reliable WEI cutoff value (1.04; sensitivity, 0.833; specificity, 0.67) predictive of high rupture risk. Conclusion : Aneurysms with higher rupture risk based on PHASES score demonstrate increased neck width, wall enhancement, and the enhancement intensity. Higher WEI in unruptured aneurysms has a predictive value for increased rupture risk.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.238-247
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• 2015

We develop the signal processing method for adaptive implementing direction of signal and the frequency sensitivity of human visual system(HVS). Existing multibnad energy scaling method makes ringing artifact because it does not consider signal direction. To solve this problem, we use block gradient for signal direction in addition to existing method. And we use the fact that frequency component of signal is more sensitive than value of signal over human eyes. we enhance the signal according to contrast sensitivity function(CSF) which is the model of frequency sensitivity of human eye. Compared that the existing analysis models only improve the efficiencies in the existing systems, the developed method can process the image signals to be more desirable and suitable to HVS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 2006

A glucose clamp technique was used to investigate the effects of non-protein energy intake on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin for glucose metabolism in intact adults male goats. Three goats were fed diets at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times of ME for maintenance, each for 21 d. Crude protein intake was 1.5 times of maintenance requirement in each treatment. Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin were evaluated using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique with four levels of insulin infusion, beginning at 13 h after feeding. Concentrations of plasma metabolites and insulin were also measured at 3, 6 and 13 h after feeding, for evaluating effects of non-protein energy intake on the metabolic status of the animals. Increasing non-protein energy intake prevented an increase in plasma NEFA concentration at 13 h after feeding (p = 0.03). Plasma urea-nitrogen and total amino-nitrogen concentrations decreased (p<0.01) and increased (p = 0.03), respectively, with increasing non-protein energy intake across time relating to feeding. Plasma insulin concentration was unaffected (p = 0.43) by non-protein energy intake regardless of time relating to feeding. In the glucose clamp experiment, increasing non-protein energy intake decreased numerically (p = 0.12) the plasma insulin concentration at half-maximal glucose infusion rate (insulin sensitivity), but did not affect (p = 0.60) maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin). The present results suggest that an increase in non-protein energy intake may enhance insulin sensitivity for glucose metabolism, unlike responsiveness to insulin, in adult male goats. The possible enhancement in insulin sensitivity may play a role in establishing anabolic status in the body, when excess energy is supplied to the body.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.409-415
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• 2011

The method to improve the detection sensitivity of Hand-held XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) device currently being developed is discussed. To minimize the loss of the intensity due to atmospheric gas molecules, the vacuum module, which can be filled with atmospheric or He gas, between the sample and the detector was installed. And the change of the detection sensitivity was measured in a vacuum and in the He gas-filled state. As a result, the following three important results were obtained; Firstly, XRF intensity was increased 2~4 times in the low energy range (3~4 keV). It is a very important result because the enhancement of the detection sensitivity means shortening of the detection time in Hand-held XRF device. Secondly, the possibility of detection of the elements less than 3 keV in emission energy was confirmed. Thirdly, the absorption by atmospheric gas molecules can be minimized without vacuum- sealed vessel in Hand-held XRF device, if the vacuum module filled with He gas is used. We concluded that all of three results are very meaningful in the development of a Hand-held XRF device.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2014

In this study, skin permeation enhancement was confirmed by designing it to have a structure and composition similarity to the intercellular lipids that improve miscibility with skin by cross-linked lipids poloxamer. The cross-linked lipids poloxamer was synthesized and analyzed by 1H NMR that structure dose had conjugated pluronic with ceramide3. Active component is released by modification of liquid crystal structure because PPO part, large-scale molecule block of pluronic, has hydrophobic nature at skin temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. Conjugated pluronic with ceramide3 was synthesized using Pluronic F127 and p-NPC (4-nitrophenyl chloroformate) at room temperature yielded 89%. Pluronic(Ceramide 3-conjugated Pluronic) was synthesized by reaction of p-NP-Pluronic with Ceramide3 and DMAP. The yield was 51%. This cross-linked lipids poloxamer was blended and dissolved at isotropic state with skin surface lipids, phospholipid, ceramide, cholesterol and anhydrous additive solvent. Next step was preceded by ${\alpha}$-Transition at low temperature for making the structure of Meso-Phase Lamella, and non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal using thermo-sensitivity smart sensor, lamellar liquid crystal structure through aging time. For confirmation of conjugation thermo-sensitivity smart sensor and non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal, structural observation and stability test were performed using XRD(Xray Diffraction), DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry), PM (Polarized Microscope) And C-SEM (Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscope). Thermo-sensitivity observation by Franz cell revealed that synthesized smart sensor shown skin permeation effect over 75% than normal liquid crystal. Furthermore, normal non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal that not applied smart sensor shown similar results below $35^{\circ}C$ of skin temperature, but its effects has increased more than 30% above $35^{\circ}C$.