• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1208-1222
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• 2014

Due to the low utilization and scarcity of frequency spectrum in current spectrum allocation methodology, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been proposed as a promising method to solve the problem, of which spectrum sensing is an important technology to utilize the precious spectrum resources. In order to protect the primary user from being interfered, most of the related works focus only on the restriction of the missed detection probability, which may causes over-protection of the primary user. Thus the interference probability is defined and the interference-aware sensing model is introduced in this paper. The interference-aware sensing model takes the spatial conditions into consideration, and can further improve the network performance with good spectrum reuse opportunity. Meanwhile, as so many fading factors affect the spectrum channel, errors are inevitably exist in the reporting channel in cooperative sensing, which is improper to be ignored. Motivated by the above, in this paper, we study the throughput tradeoff for interference-aware cognitive radio networks over imperfect reporting channel. For the cooperative spectrum sensing, the K-out-of-N fusion rule is used. By jointly optimizing the sensing time and the parameter K value, the maximum throughput can be achieved. Theoretical analysis is given to prove the feasibility of the optimization and computer simulations also shows that the maximum throughput can be achieved when the sensing time and the parameter of K value are both optimized.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.419-422
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• 2004

A sensing scheme for current-mode magneto-resistance random access memory (MRAM) with a 1T1MTJ cell structure is proposed. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) resistance, which is HIGH or LOW, is converted to different cell currents during READ operation. The cell current is then amplified to be evaluated by the reference cell current. In this scheme, conventional bit line sense amplifiers are not required and the operation is less sensitive to voltage noise than that of voltage-mode circuit is. It has been confirmed with HSPICE simulations using a 0.35-${\mu}m$ 2-poly 4-metal CMOS technology.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2000

It was attempted to improve seam-tracking performance by applying a new arc-sensing algorithm for FCAW(flux-cored arc welding) process in fillet joints. For this study the authors have introduced three different weight factors: $\circled1$ arc currents at the weaving end are more weighted, $\circled2$ arc currents are evenly weighted along the weaving, and $\circled3$ arc currents at the weaving center are more weighted. To evaluate the 3 factors the values of signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio has been measured. The values were obtained for various welding conditions with different gaps in horizontal and vertical fillet joints. The test results showed that the S/N ratio of the 1st case was highest which resulted in the best of seam tracking performance. In addition, the comparison between the seam tracking performance in horizontal fillet joints and that in vertical ones has been done, and the result showed that tracking performance in vertical joints was relatively better than that in horizontal joints.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

This paper presented an occupancy-based energy saving system for appliance energy saving in smart house. The developed system is composed of a sensing system and a home gateway system. The sensing system is set of wireless sensor nodes which have pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor to detect a motion of human and set of smart plugs which measure the current using CT (current transformer) sensor and send the current to home gateway wirelessly. We measured current consumption of appliances in real time using smart plugs, and checked the occupation of residents using occupancy sensors installed on the door and room. The proposed system saves electric energy to switch off the supply power of unnecessary usages in the unoccupied spaces. Experiments conducted have shown that electric energy usage of appliances can be saved about 34% checked by using occupation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.303.1-303.1
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• 2014

좋은 전기적 특성을 가지면서 소자의 크기를 줄이기에 용이한 Gate-all-around (GAA) twin Si nanowire field-effect transistors (TSNWFETs)의 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. Switching 특성과 단채널 효과가 없는 TSNWFETs의 특성은 GAA 구조의 본질적인 특성이다. TSNWFETs는 기존의 single Si nanowire TSNWFETs와 bulk FET에 비하여 Drive current가 nanowire의 지름에 많은 영향을 받지 않는다. 그러나 TSNWFETs의 전체 on-current는 훨씬 작고 nanowire의 지름이 작아지면서 줄어들게 되면서 소자의 sensing speed와 sensing margin 특성의 악화를 가지고 온다. GAA TSNWFETs의 제작 및 전기적 실험에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되었으나, GAA TSNWFETs의 전기적 특성에 대한 이론적 연구는 매우 적다. 본 연구에서는 GAA TSNWFETs의 nanowire 크기에 따른 전기적 특성을 관찰하였다. GAA TSNWFETs와 bulk FET의 전기적 특성을 양자역학을 고려하여 3차원 TCAD 시뮬레이션을 툴을 이용하여 계산하였다. GAA TSNWFETs와 bulk FET의 전류-전압 특성 계산을 통해 on-current 크기, subthreshold swing, drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), gate-induced drain leakage를 보았다. 전류가 흐르는 경로와 전기적 특성의 물리적 의미에 대한 연구를 위해 TSNWFETs에서의 전류 밀도, conduction band edge, potential 특성을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 Switching 특성, 단채널 효과에 대한 면역 특성, nanowire의 단면적에 따른 전류 흐름을 보았다. nanowire의 크기가 작아지면서 DIBL이 증가하고 문턱전압과 전체 on-current는 감소하면서 소자의 특성이 악화된다. 이러한 결과는 GAA TSNWFETs의 전기적 특성을 이해하고 좋은 소자 특성을 위한 구조를 연구하는데 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2002

The weld seam tracking system for arc welding process uses various kinds of sensors such as arc sensor, vision sensor, laser displacement sensor and so on. Among the variety of sensors available, electro-magnetic sensor is one of the most useful methods especially in sheet metal butt-joint arc welding, primarily because it is hardly affected by the intense arc light and fume generated during the welding process, and also by the surface condition of weldments. In this study, a dual-electromagnetic sensor, which utilizes the induced current variation in the sensing coil due to the eddy current variation of the metal near the sensor, was developed for arc welding of sheet metal I-butt joints. The dual-electromagnetic sensor thus detects the offset displacement of weld line from the center of sensor head even though there's no clearance in the joint. A set of design variables of the sensor was determined far the maximum sensing capability through the repeated experiments. Seam tracking is performed by correcting the position of sensor to the amount of offset displacement every sampling period. From the experimental results, the developed sensor showed the excellent capability of weld seam detection when the sensor to workpiece distance is near less than 5 ㎜, and it was revealed that the system has excellent seam tracking ability for the I-butt joint of sheet metal.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.44-49
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• 2000

Computer simulation of sensing current effects on the magnetic and magnetoresistance properties of a crossed spin-valve head is carried out. The spin-valve head has the following layer structure: Ta (8.0 nm)/NiMn (25 nm)/NiFe (2.5 nm)/Cu (3.0 nm)/NiFe (5.5 nm)/Ta (3.0 nm), and it is 1500 nm long and 600 nm wide. Even with a high pinning field of 300 Oe and a high hard-biased field of 50 Oe, the ideal crossed spin-valve structure, which is essential to the symmetry of the output signal and hence high density recording, is not realized mainly due to large interlayer magnetostatic interactions. This problem is solved by applying a suitable magnitude of sensing currents along the length direction generating magnetic fields in the width direction. The ideal spin-valve head is expected to show good symmetry of the output signal. This has not been shown explicitly in the present simulation, however, The reason for this is possibly related to the simple assumption used in this calculation that each magnetic layer consists of a single domain.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.964-967
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• 2009

A new hybrid-type touch screen panel (TSP) has been developed based on a-Si:H TFT which can detect the change of both $C_{LC}$ and photo-current. This TSP can detect the difference of $C_{LC}$ between touch and no-touch states in unfavorable conditions such as dark ambient light and shadows. The hybrid TSP sensor consists of a detection area which includes one TFT for photo sensing and two TFTs for amplification. Compared to a single internal capacitive TSP or an optical sensing TSP, this new proposed hybrid-type TSP enables larger sensing margin due to embedding of both optical and capacitive sensors.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 1998

Among the position sensing methods available, the arc sensor which utilizes the electrical signal obtained from the welding arc itself is one of the most prevalently used methods, because it has an advantage that no particular sensing device is necessary and real-time sensing of a groove position is possible directly under the arc. The authors have already developed a seam tracking system that contains a new arc sensor algorithm, which uses the relative welding current variation according to the tip-to-workpiece distance in GMA welding. In this study a torch height control algorithm for automatic weld seam tracking was proposed for completing the previous system, which uses an on-off control technique. To implement the torch height control algorithm during weld seam tracking the system parameters which include 2nd averaging range, weighting factor for 2nd moving averaging, and Z-directional basic compensation distance were determined by experimental analysis. Finally the two different height control methods, one is simple on-off control and the other on-off control using a reference current value , were compared in their tracking abilities.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2010

The second satellite in ESA's Earth Explorer series, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was launched into orbit at November 1, 2009. The SMOS will play a key role in the monitoring of climate change on a global scale using the payload of L-band synthetic aperture radiometer. It is the first ever satellite designed both to map sea surface salinity and to monitor soil moisture on a global scale, and will provide the important data to study the water cycle among oceans, the atmosphere and land. To introduce the operation of the SMOS, this paper shows brief summary of appearance and current operation.