• 제목/요약/키워드: Sense and Response

검색결과 366건 처리시간 0.023초

뇌기능 자기공명영상 장치를 이용한 짠맛 자극에 따른 인간 뇌의 반응에 대한 기초 연구 (Salty-taste Activation of Human Brain Disclosed by Gustatory fMRI Study)

  • 김수현;최기승;이현용;신운재;은충기;문치웅
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2005
  • 목적 : 본 논문은 뇌 기능 자기공명영상(Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Brain fMRI)을 이용하여 짠 맛 자극에 대한 인지활동으로 뇌 신경세포의 활성화에 따른 국소 대사 및 혈류역학적 변화가 일어나는 뇌 영역을 분석 및 가시화함으로써 맛에 대한 뇌 활성화 부위의 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 건강한 비흡연 남자 12명을 대상으로 1.5T MRI 장치에서 혈액산소수준의존(Blood Oxygen Level Dependent, 이하 BOLD) 방법을 이용한 fMRI 실험을 수행하여 인간의 미각 중 짠맛에 대한 반응을 관찰하였다. 잔 맛의 자극은 $3\%$ 농도의 소금물(NaCl)을 미각 자극기를 이용하여 혀 전체에 자극을 주었다. 미각 자극기인 Auto Syringe Pump는 일정한 자극을 반복적으로 가할 수 있도록 마이크로프로세서를 이용하여 연구실에서 자체 제작되었다. 자극의 패러다임은 5회의 휴식기간과 4회의 자극기간으로 구성되었으며, 자극기간은 15초씩 진행되고 휴식기간은 30초로 하여 각 slice당 42 영상을 연속적으로 획득하였다. 자극에 대해 얻은 fMRI 영상은 SPM99'(Statistical Parametric Mapping, UCL)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 활성화 영상은 EPI 영상과 동일한 부위의 T1 강조영상에 registration 기법을 이용하여 overlapping시켜 활성화 부위의 해부학적 판별을 용이하도록 하였다. 결과 : 농도 $3\%$ 소금물의 짠맛 자극에 대해서 insula, amygdala, frontal opercular taste cortex (OFC), orbitofrontal cortex 영역에서 활성화 영역을 fMRI로 확인하였으며, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) 영역에서도 유효한 신호를 관찰하였다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 미각의 주요 신경이 뇌의 insula, OFC 그리고 DLPFC 영역에 주로 분포한다는 기존의 결과와 잘 일치하고 있다. 마이크로 프로세서로 동작하는 자동펌프를 미각 자극기로 사용함으로써 미각자극에 대한 뇌의 활성화 영역을 안정되게 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 fMRI를 이용한 고차원적 미각작용 과정 연구에 튼튼한 밑거름이 될 것으로 생각된다.

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사무 자동화에 따른 사무직 근로자의 건강과 연관된 자각 증상에 대한 조사연구 (An Investigation on the self-consciousness Symptoms of the Clerical Workers attendant upon Office Automation)

  • 정미화
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제3권호
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    • pp.54-70
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    • 1993
  • According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.

    . In conclusion, the self-consciousness symptoms of the subjects to use OA apparatus appeared differently, according to sex distiction, skillfull degree of OA apparatus, use hours of OA apparatus, the rest hours during th use of OA apparatus, and the satiafaction degree of persent business. Therefore, it is necessary that the nurse in the inuctry field must recognize to receive the education about the human technological physical condition which is most proper for te use of OA apparatus and about the proper rest method until they get accustomed to the use of OA apparatus. In addition, the simple exercise relax the tention of muscle due to the repetitive simple movement, and the education for the protection of eyesight are necessary.

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  • 디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구 (Essay on Form and Function Design)

    • 이재국
      • 디자인학연구
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      • 제2권1호
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      • pp.63-97
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      • 1989
    • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

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    집행관배훈안례연구(阐述工商业背景下的有限合理性):집행관배훈안례연구(执行官培训案例研究) (Interpreting Bounded Rationality in Business and Industrial Marketing Contexts: Executive Training Case Studies)

    • Woodside, Arch G.;Lai, Wen-Hsiang;Kim, Kyung-Hoon;Jung, Deuk-Keyo
      • 마케팅과학연구
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      • 제19권3호
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      • pp.49-61
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      • 2009
    • 本文为执行官提供了他们在处理日常业务问题和市场机会时如何阐述自己思考过程的培训. 本研究建立在Schank提出的教学基础上, 包括: (1)经验学习和最好的指导提供给学习者从诸如全球背景, 团队项目和专家经历等的互动的故事提炼知识和技能的机会. (2) 告诉不会导致学习, 因为在学习需要的行动训练环境中, 应强调积极使用故事, 案例和项目. 每个培训案例包括执行官解释自己的决策系统分析(DSA, 还需要执行官做DSA简报. 在训练时要求执行官写DSA简报. 在执行官学员写书面报告的说明中包括(1) DSA路线图的本质的细节(2) 警告和机会的陈述, 读者的行政地图及图内的DSA解释. 该报告的最大长度为500字, 其规则就是使行政人员培训课程行之有效. 引言之后是第二部分文献综述, 简要地总结了有关人们在对问题和机会的背景下的想法及文献. 第三部分通过使用对不同的贴牌生产客户定价相同的化学产品的培训练习来解释DSA的起源和过程, 第四部分展示一个炼油设备公司订价决策的培训练习. 第五部分提供一个商业客户办公家具采购的市场策略案例. 第六部分是结论和建议. 这些建议是关于使用培训课程和发展其他培训课程来磨练执行官制定决策的能力. 文章引导读者利用工具箱研究综合的报告, (DSA)路线图根据生态合理性理论将战略与环境相匹配. 这三个案例的研究让学习者在意愿层面征求建议来作出决策. Todd and Gigerenzer 提出人们使用简单启发式,因为他们在自然的决策环境中通过探索信息的结构使适应性行为有可能产生. "简单是一种美德, 而不是诅咒", 有限理性理论强调了西蒙的命题中心, "人类理性的行为仿佛一把剪刀, 其刀片则是任务环境的结构和执行者的计算能力". Gigerenzer的观点和西蒙的环境的危害相关, 也和本文中三个环境结构的案例相关. "环境这个词, 在这里, 并不是指总的物理和生理的环境, 而只是指被给予需要和目标的重要有机体 本文关注了结合任务环境的结构和使用适应的工具箱启发的报告. (DSA)路线图根据生态理性理论将战略与环境相匹配. 渴望适应理论是这一方针的核心. 渴望适应理论将决策制定作为一个没有把目标整合的多目标问题模拟成一个把所有决策选项进行完全的优先顺序化. 这三个案例研究让学习者在意愿层面征求建议来作出决策. 渴望适应用一系列的调整步骤的形式. 一个调整步骤通过仅一个目标变量的变化就可以改变在渴望网格上邻近点当前的渴望水平. 上调步骤是目标变量的提高, 下调步骤是目标变量的下降. 创造和使用渴望适应水平是对有限理性理论的整合. 文章通过提供学习者经验和实践环节增加了意愿采纳和有限合理性的理解和特点. 利用DSA图排列CTSs和撰写TOP可以清晰和深化Selten的观点 "清晰, 意愿采纳必须作为研究的解决方案整合到整个蓝图中". 这些有限理性的研究许可了在现实生活中为什么, 如何作决策的理论和在自然的环境中利用启发式的学习训练两方面的发展. 本文中的练习鼓励根据不同使用目的学习快速而简洁的启发式技巧和原则. 这也正回应了Schank的思想 "从本质上来看, 教育不是让学生们知道发生了什么, 而是让他们感受到所发生的事情. 这不容易做到. 在如今的学校教育是没有情感的, 这是一个很大的问题". 这三个案例和附加的练习问题遵守了Schank的观点. "这种教育过程最好是通过参与他们其中来实现, 也可以这样认为, 精神层面的积极讨论".

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    산업재 거래관계와 구조적 결합: 미국 금속산업의 분석 연구 (Business Relationships and Structural Bonding: A Study of American Metal Industry)

    • 한상린;김윤태;오창엽;정재문
      • 마케팅과학연구
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      • 제18권3호
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      • pp.115-132
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      • 2008
    • 산업재 거래관계에서 구매자와 공급업체간의 장기 거래관계의 형성은 전형적인 현상이며 그동안 많은 연구들이 이러한 장기관계의 결정 요인과 그로 인한 결과에 관해 다양한 연구들을 수행해 왔다고 할 수 있다. 특히 금속산업은 산업재의 대표적인 산업 분야로 미국 금속산업 시장의 경우 기업당 평균 매출이 최소 10억 달러가 넘는 중요한 시장이라고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 중요한 의미를 갖는 미국 금속산업 시장에서 구매기업과 공급기업간의 거래관계를 형성하는 대표적인 요인으로 구조적 결합이라는 개념을 정립하고 이러한 구조적 결합을 결정하는 네가지 주요 변수(기술, 대체안 비교수준, 거래특유자산, 거래 중요성)들을 찾아내 이를 연구모형화하고 각각의 변수에 대한 연구가설을 다음과 같이 설정하였다. H1: 기술수준은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H2: 대체안 비교수준은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H3: 거래특유자산은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H4: 거래의 중요성은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H5: 구조적 결합은 몰입의 수준에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. 연구 가설의 검증을 위해 미국 금속산업에서 400개 기업을 선정해 설문조사를 실시 하였고 총 139개의 설문지를 회수하여 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 연구 가설과 연구 모형의 검증을 위해 구조방정식 모형과 LISREL을 사용하였고 최종 분석 결과 모든 가설이 체택되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 통한 마케팅전략적 시사점과 연구가 갖는 한계점에 대하여도 결론 부분에서 토론하였다.

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    민담 '주인집을 망하게 한 하인'의 분석심리학적 이해: 트릭스터 원형을 중심으로 (An Interpretation of the Folktale 'the Servant Who Ruined the Master's House' from the Perspective of Analytical Psychology: Centering on the Trickster Archetype)

    • 노명선
      • 심성연구
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      • 제37권2호
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      • pp.184-254
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      • 2022
    • 본 논문을 통해 한국 민담 '주인집을 망하게 한 하인'의 심리학적 의미를 고찰하였다. 민담 속 주인과 하인의 대립은 보편적인 인간 정신의 문제로, 경화된 기존의 집단적 의식과 이를 보상하고 갱신하려는 새로운 의식의 대립으로 볼 수 있다. 다른 각도에서 설명해보자면 인간의 정신적인 측면과 본능적인 측면 사이의 혹은 의식과 무의식 사이의 대립이며, 자아와 그림자 사이의 대립이라고도 할 수 있다. 민담 속 주인은 애먹이는 막내 하인을 없애버리려 여러 차례 시도하지만, 하인은 꾀와 속임수를 써서 주인으로부터 음식과 말(馬), 막내 누이, 전 재산, 마침내 목숨까지 빼앗아 버리고, 이야기는 막내 하인과 막내 누이의 혼인 생활로 끝을 맺는다. 주인이 죽고 하인이 새로운 주인이 되는 대극반전(enantiodromia)은 낡은 집단적 의식이 파괴되고 집단적 무의식으로부터 올라온 새로운 의식이 지배적 위치에 서게 되는 것으로, 개인의 심리적 상황에서는 기존의 자아의 태도가 해소되고 새로운 태도로 변환되는 것으로 이해해볼 수 있다. 이야기의 중간 과정에서 하인은 그를 죽이려고 주인이 써준 등편지를 순박한 사람들을 이용해 새롭게 바꿔 써서 막내 누이와 혼인한다. 이 모습은 집단적 의식의 도덕관념에서는 부정적으로 이해될 수 있으나, 아낙네, 꿀장수, 배고픈 중으로 상징되는 조선 시대 집단적 의식에서 무시되어오던 정신요소를 통합하는 과정으로 볼 수 있다. 하인으로 대변되는 새로운 의식성은 기존의 틀에 구속받지 않는 트릭스터적 특성을 갖기에 집단적 의식에서 무시되어온 정신적 내용을 통합하여 조선 후기 집단적 의식에 대한 보상과 대안으로서 제시하는 요소라고 할 수 있다. 주인은 다시 하인을 죽이려고 하인을 가죽 부대에 넣어 나무에 매다는데, 가죽 부대 속에 들어가 매달렸더니 눈을 떴다는 하인의 속임수에 넘어간 소경이 대신 매달려 죽고 하인은 달아나게 된다. 주인과 하인의 대극 문제가 마침내 나무로 상징되는 전체 정신(Self)에 맡겨지자 소경이 제거되는 것은 트릭스터에 포함되어있는 맹목성, 어리석음, 탐욕적 요소를 구분하고 정화하려는 자기(Self)의 의도로 이해해볼 수 있다. 이런 과정들을 거쳐 집단적 의식의 새로운 변화 혹은 새로운 자아의 태도를 상징하는 하인은 기존의 문제들을 해결하고 주인의 자리에 서게 된다. 그러나 꾀 많은 하인의 활약상을 들으며 청중들은 유쾌함과 해방감을 느끼는 한편, 소경이 대신 죽고 주인집 식구가 몰살되고 하인이 주인이 되는 부분에서는 하인의 위험성과 통제 불가능에 대한 우려와 두려움의 감정을 경험하기도 한다. 해외 유화들에 등장하는 트릭스터들 역시 철저히 이기적이고 오직 욕구를 채우고 위험에서 빠져나가기 위해 무고한 존재들을 속이거나 죽게 만드는데, 이들 트릭스터를 처단하거나 교화하려는 노력은 허사로 돌아가고 그들은 달아나버린다. 그러므로 본 민담 역시 이런 원형적 그림자가 매우 위험하다는 것, 그리고 의식이 통제하거나 의식에 동화될 수 없다는 것을 알게 해주고, 그것을 외경하고 관조하도록 하는 목적 의미도 있다고 볼 수 있다. 트릭스터는 기존의 구조와 질서가 경화되었을 때 보상작용으로서 무의식으로부터 올라오는 재생시키는(revivifying) 자연 에너지의 비합리적 발현 양상이다. 그 현상은 기존의 집단적 정신의 입장에서는 파괴적이고 비도덕적일 수 있으나, 도덕적으로 규정할 수 없는 보다 근원적 정신인 집단적 무의식의 기능이라고 보아야 한다. 트릭스터 원형상으로 볼 수 있는 하인은 변환을 가져오는 존재로 파괴성과 창조성이라는 양면성과 모순성을 지니고 있다. 본 민담의 유화들의 결말은 여러 갈래인데 이는 트릭스터의 양면성으로 인해 청중의 마음 반응이 그만큼 다양하다는 것을 반영하며, 트릭스터 문제에 대한 무의식의 다양한 반응을 제시하는 것이기도 하다. 또한 트릭스터란 그만큼 결론이 안 나고 논란을 일으키는 모순덩어리 존재로 의식적 합리적 태도로 통제할 수 없다는 것, 우리 안의 트릭스터 원형에 대해 진지하게 관조할 수 있을 뿐이라는 것을 보여준다.