• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

The medicinal constituents contained in Cinidil Rhizoma and Angelicae Radix cultivated in Korea and China, were compared by confirming their qualities. From Cinidil Rhizoma and Angelicae Radix cultivated in Korea and China, butyl phthalide, senkyunolide, and ligustilide etc. phthalides were identified by GC/CMS analysis. Through GC/FID analysis, the senkyunolide content of Cinidil Rhizoma cultivated in Korea was similar to that cultivated in China. The ligustilide content of Ciniail Rhizoma cultivated in Korea was more than that cultivated in China, except for one cultivated at Ankuk province. In the case of Angelicae Radix, the ligustilide content of that cultivated in Korea was more than one cultivated at Yeungil province in China. As for quality, Cinidil Rhizoma and Angelicae Radix cultivated in Korea were better than those cultivated in China since Chinese products possessed more butilidene phthalide photo-decomposed from ligustilide, caused by long storage during the circulation processes, than that of the domestic products.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.94-96
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• 2002

Four hundred varieties of plant extracts were screened for inhibitory activity against the NFAT transcription factor which plays an important role in inducing immune response. Among them, the MeOH extract of Cnidium officinale showed potent activity, and the activity-guided separation yielded butylidenephthalide, senkyunolide A and falcarindiol as the active constituents. The $IC_{50}$ value of butylidenephthalide was $1.3{\times}10^{-4}\;M$ and was similar to that of senkyunolide A $(2.1{\times}10^{-4}\;M)$. Interestingly, falcarindiol showed higher activity $(IC_{50},\;2.6{\times}10^{-5}\;M)$ than the two phthalides.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 1997

Major separation for the active ingredients and structural identification were performed in order for qualitative and quantitative analysis on Ligustici rhizoma or Angelicae tenuissimae Radix as an oriental herbal medicine for anodyne. The structure, composition and contents of ingredients for essential oil were determined by means of GC/MS. Several Angelicae tenuissimae Radix harvested in Korea were extracted, which has shown the higher crude content compared to that from China. The major component in Angelcae tenuissimae Radix extract was found to be Z-ligustilide (70-80%), which is very different from that in Ligustici rhizoma of which major component is proven to be senkyunolide (39%) with GC/MS.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1994

Callus was derived from the shoots of Cnidium officinale. The growth rate of callus and the production of essential oils were studied under different culture conditions. The essential oils in the rhizome of Cnidium officinale and the cultivated callus were analyzed and compared by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It appeared that NAA induced higher growth rate and production of essential oils than 2,4-D. The compositions of essential oils were influenced by the illumination. Butyl phthalide, cnidilide, senkyunolide, butylidene phthalide, ligustilide, grandisol, tricosane, 3-methylphenol and 2-pentylthiophene were identified in the cultivated callus.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1989

In continuation of our studies on essential oils of Angelica genus(Umbelliferae), We report on the components of essential oils obtained from the root of Angelica tenuissima Nakai(藁子). Oils were obtained from the dried roots by steam distillation and fractionated by column chromatography. Each isolate or fraction was identified by GC, GC-MS and spectral analysis. Essential oils of the root of A. tenuissima(Gaoben) were found to contain $\alpha-pinene,\;camphene,\;\beta-pinene,\;myrcene,\;\alpha-phellandrene,\;\Delta-3-carene,\;p-cymene,\;limonene,\;\gamma-terpinene,\;terpinolene,\;4-vinylguauacol,\;\gamma-elemene$, one aromatic compound, three unidentified sesquiterpene alcohols, butylidenephthalide, senkyunolide and Z-ligustilide which was the most abundant compound comprising 75% of the whole oil. Also butylphthalide and hydroxybutylidenephalide were tentatively identified.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

$\alpha$-MSH plays an important role in UV induced melanogenesis in human skin. It is believed to exert its effects by binding to $\alpha$-MSH receptor that in turn activates adenylate cyclase and increase melanocyte proliferation, dendricity and melanogenesis. In this study, we evaluated plant extracts showing the inhibitory activity on $\alpha$-MSH induced melanogenesis. The Cnidium officinale extracts showed high inhibitory activity on $\alpha$-MSH induced melanogenesis. It ($50{\mu}\textrm{g}$/ml) inhibited the melanin synthesis activated by $\alpha$-MSH in B-16 melanoma cells. Also, we isolated active compound from C. officinale extracts by Mass spectrophotometer, HPLC. It was identified as Senkyunolide A. It showed the same inhibitory activity as C. officinale extracts at the lower concentration. Finally, Senkyunolide A from Cnidium officinale extracts could playas $\alpha$-MSH antagonist and be used as a strong ingredient for skin whitening cosmetics.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.273-276
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• 1997

Ligusticum tenuissimum belongs to Umbelliferae, and its root is generally used in headache, common cold and arthralgia L. We have extracted and isolated butylidene phthal ide, 3-butylidene-4,5-dihydrophthalide of phthalide group and l-limonene, etc. of terpenoid group from the root by ordinary method. In Ligusticum sinense, L. jeholense, L. tenuissimum, L. jeholense var. tenuisectum, and L. officinale etc., the components of cnidilide, ligustilide of phthalide group are common features and specific constituents in genus Ligusticum. Therefore comparing that there is no phthalide group in genus Angelica, we think it is able to classify the difference of genus between Ligusticum and Angelica of Umbelliferae in chemotaxonomy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.582-585
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• 2000

This study was performed to identify the flavor compnenets of Korean Cnidium officinale M.. The extraction of the flavor compounds of Cnidium officinale M. was accomplished by a simultaneous distillation and extraction method using a Likens and Nickerson's extraction apparatus. The concentrated extract was analyzed and identified by gas chromatography and GC-mass spectrometry. The change of the 림팩 contents in each samples was determined in terms of two different storage conditions. The flavor contents of sample at low temperature storage were higher than those at room temperature storage, and increased until storage period of 70 days. The major components of Cnidium officinale M. were terpene compounds including α-pinene, β -selinene, γ-selinene, and phthalides including butylidenephthalide, cnidilide, neocnidilide, senkyunolide A, ligustilide, which are believed to contribute to the characteristic flavor of the Cnidium officinale M.. Especially, great amount of cnidilide and ligustilide was shown in sample of low temperature storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2008

We investigated the physicochemical properties of Ganjang added to a medicinal herb extract (functional Ganjang). 1be proximate compositions of conventional Ganjang (control) and functional Ganjang (supplemented with 3% or 5% of an hem extract) were not significantly different Analysis of total and free amino acids indicated 17 different amino acids in both types of Ganjang. Glutamic acid was the most common, followed by valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine. Sensory tests of conventional and functional Ganjang found no significant differences. An analysis of flavoring components indicated that flavor-active compounds (paeonol, senkyunolide A, and cnidilide) were present in both forms of Ganjang. Our results suggest that the extract could be used to manufacture fermented soybean products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2008

The root of Angelica tenuissima Nakai (Umbelliferae) has been used in traditional medicines of Korea as a headache, common cold and a fever remedy. A. tenuissima contains ferulic acid and various compounds of essential oil group such as limonene, 3-butylidenephthalide, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, neocnidilide, ligustilide, senkyunolide and neocnidilide. This study carried out to compare the contents of ferulic acid, z-ligustilide and n-butylidenephthalide between native and cultivated species of A. tenuissima by HPLC. The average contents of ferulic acid, z-ligustilide and n-butylidenephthalide indicated that native species (9 samples) were 0.060%, 0.616%, 0.025% and cultivated species (15 samples) were 0.037%, 0.141%, 0.029%, respectively. All samples were collected from different places in Korea.