• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.268-271
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• 2013

Occipital neuralgia is a rare pain syndrome characterized by periodic lancinating pain involving the occipital nerve complex. We present a unique case of entrapment of the greater occipital nerve (GON) within the semispinalis capitis, which was thought to be the cause of occipital neuralgia. A 66-year-old woman with refractory left occipital neuralgia revealed an abnormally low-loop of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery on the magnetic resonance imaging, suggesting possible vascular compression of the upper cervical roots. During exploration, however, the GON was found to be entrapped at the perforation site of the semispinalis capitis. There was no other compression of the GON or of C1 and C2 dorsal roots in their intracranial course. Postoperatively, the patient experienced almost complete relief of typical neuralgic pain. Although occipital neuralgia has been reported to occur by stretching of the GON by inferior oblique muscle or C1-C2 arthrosis, peripheral compression in the transmuscular course of the GON in the semispinalis capitis as a cause of refractory occipital neuralgia has not been reported and this should be considered when assessing surgical options for refractory occipital neuralgia.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1999

Pain is the most common symptom that brings a patient to the hospital. Repetitious stress and sprain injury result in various pains, and so we tried to improve cervical movement and release from pain by using taping technique of actual agonists and postural muscles in addition to psychological relaxation. The 4 patient with neck problems were applied Arikawa taping approaches. The flexor or extensor patterns were determined by Arikawa method at first. if the symptoms and patterns were similar, the taping was attached same point. After taping on major muscles of causing neck pain levator scapula, scalenus medius, sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis. - we found neck pain released and cervical ROM increased. In conclusion, we determined cervical movement related to rotation of splenius capitis, extention of semispinalis capitis, levator scapula, flexion and rotation of scalenus medius.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.260-263
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• 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue that results in destruction of the fascia and is disproportionately common in patients with chronic liver disease or diabetes. Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is rare, but has a high fatality rate. A 50-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes reported a chief complaint of a wound in the posterior neck due to trauma. The wound had grown and was accompanied by pus and redness, and the patient had a fever. When the patient was referred to department of plastic & reconstructive surgery, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, semispinalis capitis muscle, splenius capitis muscle, and trapezius muscles were exposed, and the size of the defect was about 25×20 cm. Dead tissue resection was performed before negative-pressure wound therapy, followed by a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). After a 2-week course of aseptic dressing post-STSG, the patient recovered completely. No postoperative complications were observed for 1 year. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening, rapidly spreading infection, requiring early diagnosis and active surgical treatment. In addition, broad-spectrum antibiotics are required due to the variety of types of causative bacteria. Broad necrotizing fasciitis of the posterior neck is rare, but can quickly progress into a life-threatening stage.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2009

Objective : This study was carried to identify the anatomical component of BMM (Foot Taeyang Meridian Muscle in the human truncus), and further to help the accurate application to real acupunctuation. Methods: The human truncus was stripped off in order to demonstrate muscles, nerves and other components, and to display the internal structure of the BMM, dividing into outer, middle, and inner parts. Results: The BMM in the human truncus is composed of muscles, nerves, ligaments etc. The internal composition of the BMM in the human truncus is as follows: 1. Muscle A. Outer layer: medial palpebral ligament, orbicularis oculi, frontalis, galea aponeurotica, occipitalis, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus. B. Middle layer: frontalis, semispinalis capitis, rhomboideus minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, rhomboideus major, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, levator ani. C. Inner layer: medial rectus, superior oblique, rectus capitis, spinalis, rotatores thoracis, longissimus, longissimus muscle tendon, longissimus muscle tendon, multifidus, rotatores lumbaris, lateral intertransversi, iliolumbaris, posterior sacroiliac ligament, iliocostalis, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament. 2. Nerve A. Outer layer: infratrochlear nerve, supraorbital n., supratrochlear n., temporal branch of facial n., auriculotemporal n., branch of greater occipital n., 3rd occipital n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th thoracic n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th lumbar n., dorsal ramus of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th sacral n. B. Middle layer: accessory nerve, anicoccygeal n. C. Inner layer: branch of ophthalmic nerve, trochlear n., greater occipital n., coccygeal n., Conclusions : This study shows that BMM is composed of the muscle and the related nerves and there are some differences from already established studies from the viewpoint of constituent elements of BMM at the truncus, and also in aspect of substantial assay method. In human anatomy, there are some conceptional differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles of BMM and those which pass near by BMM).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2008

목적: 측두하악장애 환자들에서 압통 검사를 통하여 경부근육 통증의 정도와 위치를 파악하고, 측두하악장애와 경부근육 통증과의 관련성을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 측두하악장애 환자(n=129, 여자 65.9% 평균=28.8세)에 대해서 두통, 목의 통증, 정서적 스트레스, 수면 장애, 이상 기능 습관 및 통증 강도에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. 저작계에 대하여 하악 운동범위, 악관절음, 악관절 촉진, 저작근 촉진 검사를 시행하였다. 빗목근 상부(sternocleidomastoid upper), 빗목근 중간(sternocleidomastoid middle), 등세모근 상부(upper trapezius), 머리널판근(splenius capitis), 머리반가시근(semispinalis capitis), 중간 목갈비근(scalene medius), 어깨올림근(levator scapulae)의 7부위의 경부 근육에 대하여 촉진에 의한 압통 검사를 하였다. 압통의 정도를 무통(0), 경도(1), 중등도(2), 심도(3)로 구분하여 판정하였다. 압통점수로부터 여러 통증점수 합계를 계산한 후 이후의 통계분석에 사용하였다. 결과: 80명(62.0%)의 환자가 설문에서 목의 통증을 경험한다고 답하였다. 측두하악장애 통증 점수와 경부 근육통 점수 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.538, P < 0.001). 경부 근육 중에서 중등도 이상의 압통이 40% 이상 발생하는 근육은 빗목근과 등세모근 상부였고 저작근 중에서는 깨물근(masseter) 중간에서 36%의 중등도 통증이 나타났다. 129명에 대한 경부근육통점수합과 측두하악장애통증점수합 사이에는 상당한 관련성이 있었으며($\rho$=0.502, P < 0.001), 측두하악장애통증점수합은 경부근육통점수합이 증가함에 따라 함께 증가하는 경향을 보였다(Y = 0.395 ${\cdot}$ X, $R^2$ = 0.659, P < 0.001). 저작근장애 환자에서 빗목근등세모근상부통증점수합과 관자근교근통증점수합은 중등도의 관련성($\rho$ = 0.375, P < 0.001)을 보였으며, 두 변수는 비례 관계에 있었다(Y = 0.359 ${\cdot}$ X, $R^2$ = 0.538, P < 0.001). 편측통증점수의 편상관관계분석에서 우측경부근육통증점수합과 좌측경부근육통증점수합은 가장 높은 상관성(r=0.802, P < 0.001)을 보였다. 우측측두하악장애통증점수합과 좌측측두하악장애통증점수합은 중등도의 상관성(r=0.481, P < 0.001)이 있었다. 편측성 측두하악장애 통증이 있는 20명의 환자에 대한 편상관관계분석에서 우측과 좌측의 편측경부근육통점수간의 상관성이 가장 높았고(r = 0.597, P = 0.009), 측두하악장애측통증점수합과 동측경부근육통증점수합 사이의 상관성(r = 0.564, P = 0.015)이 그 다음이었다. 결론: 측두하악장애 통증은 촉진에 의한 압통반응의 측면에서 경부근육 통증과 관련성을 보인다. 경부근육 중에서 빗목근과 등세모근상부가 중등도 이상의 통증을 흔하게 나타내며 저작근통증과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 경부근육에서는 통증의 대칭적인 이환 특성이 두드러지지만, 측두하악장애가 경부근육통의 수준에 영향을 주어 대칭적인 특성을 변화시킬 수 있다. 두부와 경부에 복잡한 통증 질환의 증상과 징후를 보이는 환자에서 경부 근육 통증의 진단과 치료에 관심을 가져야 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.326-334
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 깊은 목굽힘근과 깊은 목폄근의 두께를 목근육 지구력 검사 동안 측정하여 목통증 경험 유무에 따라 깊은 목근육들의 크기에 차이가 있는 지 관찰하였다. 컴퓨터 사용이 많은 대학생 65명이 참여하였으며, 목통증이나 두통으로 인하여 일상생활을 수행하는데 제약이 없고 현재 척추증상이 없는 자를 대상으로 하였다. 근육의 두께는 근지구력검사를 수행하는 중 근이완기, 수축기와 제한시점에서 각각 측정하였다. 목통증과 기능제한에 대한 정보는 설문지를 통하여 수집하였다. 목통증 경험이 없는 대상자들 (그룹1)의 근지구력 시간이 목통증 경험이 있는 대상자들(그룹2)보다 통계적으로 유의하게 길었다 (p<0.01). 그룹1 대상자의 왼쪽 긴목근이 그룹2 대상자보다 근이완기에서 두껍게 관찰되었으며(p=0.02), 오른쪽 긴머리근은 목통증 경험이 없는 대상자들이 근수축에서 제한시점까지의 변화가 목통증 경험이 있는 대상자보다 크게 관찰되었다(p=<0.01). 목통증과 연관하여 특정 근육의 기능파악이 중요하며, 임상 대상자들의 목수축 패턴과 근기능에 대한 연구가 더 필요하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2008

The porcine PRKAG3 (RN) gene encodes the regulatory gamma subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a good candidate gene affecting meat quality. In this study, the effects of two missense mutations A595G (Ile199Val) and G154A (Gly52Ser) in porcine PRKAG3 gene on meat quality traits were studied in M. Longissimus dorsi (LD), M. Semispinalis capitis (SC) and M. Biceps femoris (BF) from different populations of 326 pigs. The PRKAG3 alleles 199I, 199IV, 52S and 52G were identified with PCR-RFLPs and all genotypes - 199I/199I, 199I/199V, 199V/199V, 52S/52S, 52S/52G and 52G/52G - were found. The frequency of V allele was larger than that of I allele in all populations. I allele frequency was zero in Chinese Meishan pigs (population D) especially. G allele frequency was larger than that of S allele in all populations except Large White (population A). Both variations at the PRKAG3 locus significantly affected these meat quality traits. The pork meat quality has not previously been established in Meishan or crosses thereof. The results suggested that generally pH of LD, SC and BF was higher in Meishan pigs than that in other populations. Moreover, Meishan pigs showed higher water-holding capacity and intramuscular fat (IMF), lower water content and water loss percentage compared to other populations in terms of the two variations. The results present here supply new evidence that alleles V199I and G52S at the PRKAG3 locus affect pork meat quality and provide useful information on pork production.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

This study was carried to identify the component of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle in human, dividing the regional muscle group into outer, middle, and inner layer. the inner part of body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Small Intestine Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows ; 1) Muscle ; Abd. digiti minimi muscle(SI-2, 3, 4), pisometacarpal lig.(SI-4), ext. retinaculum. ext. carpi ulnaris m. tendon.(SI-5, 6), ulnar collateral lig.(SI-5), ext. digiti minimi m. tendon(SI-6), ext. carpi ulnaris(SI-7), triceps brachii(SI-9), teres major(SI-9), deltoid(SI-10), infraspinatus(SI-10, 11), trapezius(Sl-12, 13, 14, 15), supraspinatus(SI-12, 13), lesser rhomboid(SI-14), erector spinae(SI-14, 15), levator scapular(SI-15), sternocleidomastoid(SI-16, 17), splenius capitis(SI-16), semispinalis capitis(SI-16), digasuicus(SI-17), zygomaticus major(Il-18), masseter(SI-18), auriculoris anterior(SI-19) 2) Nerve ; Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve(SI-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), br. of mod. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6, 7), br. of post. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6,7), br. of radial n.(SI-7), ulnar n.(SI-8), br. of axillary n.(SI-9), radial n.(SI-9), subscapular n. br.(SI-9), cutaneous n. br. from C7, 8(SI-10, 14), suprascapular n.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), intercostal n. br. from T2(SI-11), lat. supraclavicular n. br.(SI-12), intercostal n. br. from C8, T1(SI-12), accessory n. br.(SI-12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), intercostal n. br. from T1,2(SI-13), dorsal scapular n.(SI-14, 15), cutaneous n. br. from C6, C7(SI-15), transverse cervical n.(SI-16), lesser occipital n. & great auricular n. from cervical plexus(SI-16), cervical n. from C2,3(SI-16), fascial n. br.(SI-17), great auricular n. br.(SI-17), cervical n. br. from C2(SI-17), vagus n.(SI-17),hypoglossal n.(SI-17), glossopharyngeal n.(SI-17), sympathetic trunk(SI-17), zygomatic br. of fascial n.(SI-18), maxillary n. br.(SI-18), auriculotemporal n.(SI-19), temporal br. of fascial n.(SI-19) 3) Blood vessels ; Dorsal digital vein.(SI-1), dorsal br. of proper palmar digital artery(SI-1), br. of dorsal metacarpal a. & v.(SI-2, 3, 4), dorsal carpal br. of ulnar a.(SI-4, 5), post. interosseous a. br.(SI-6,7), post. ulnar recurrent a.(SI-8), circuirflex scapular a.(SI-9, 11) , post. circumflex humeral a. br.(SI-10), suprascapular a.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), first intercostal a. br.(SI-12, 14), transverse cervical a. br.(SI-12,13,14,15), second intercostal a. br.(SI-13), dorsal scapular a. br.(SI-13, 14, 15), ext. jugular v.(SI-16, 17), occipital a. br.(SI-16), Ext. jugular v. br.(SI-17), post. auricular a.(SI-17), int. jugular v.(SI-17), int. carotid a.(SI-17), transverse fascial a. & v.(SI-18),maxillary a. br.(SI-18), superficial temporal a. & v.(SI-19).