• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.805-826
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• 2022

This study explored the process by which consumers purchase products from small fashion business owners via online and mobile channels. In addition, group types were classified given that the purchasing process depends on the consumers' life cycle. The consumer focus group interview (FGI) was conducted on 18 participants that were divided into six groups by age, work, and children. Results revealed that first, consumer journey comprised four stages. Factors influencing need recognition were "attention to information of social media influencer," "attention to information of affiliated groups," and "repeated advertising of SME products/brands." For information searching, "exploring purchase reviews," "environment for mobile shopping information exploration," and "continuous product tracking" were important factors. Purchasing and shopping stages were affected by "price-free, improvised purchase decision" and "convenient mobile payment system and point benefits." After the purchase, "active sharing and repeated purchase when satisfied" and "blocking relationships when dissatisfied" occurred. Second, six consumer groups based on the fashion life cycle are the "Platform lover," "Influencer follower," "Trust builder," "Novelty seeker," "Convenience seeker," and "New designer supporter." Ultimately, small business owners can develop the process of planning and selling fashion products more efficiently.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-150
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide the characteristics of marketing strategy on the SPA(Specialty store retailor of Private label Apparel) brand. This research can be used as information for the domestic SPA brand to enhance its international competitiveness. The characteristics of marketing strategy on the SPA brand are as follows. 1. One company integrate vertically the process of planning, production, promotion and distribution. 2. As using the advanced information, productions, and logistics systems, they are carried out speedy management. 3. The production strategies are focused on providing new goods of fast cycle and very diverse styles in a season, developing products that accurately reflect the general market trend and consumer demands, extending the line of goods, outsourcing of the place to reduce production costs. For high-quality goods, they are collaborating with the famous designers and developing of new and green environment materials. 4. Generally, the SPA brand emphasizes the low price strategy against the quality. 5. The promotion strategies are focused on conducting various unique and high sensible VMDs, fashion shows, star marketing, campaigns, aggressive publicity, magazine & outdoor advertisement and various events through the internet website, etc. 6. The place (distribution) strategies of SPA brand are focused on launching into global, expanding number of stores, increasing large-sized stores and diversifying the forms of store and selling.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.26-33
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• 2019

We conducted research to evaluate economically and engineering about the synthesis of Magnesium Oxide, MgO, nanoparticles using physicochemical methods. The method used was economic evaluation by calculating GPM, BEP, PBP, and CNPV. The other method used was engineering perspective. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting Mg(NO₃)₂ and NaOH with a mole ratio 1: 2. Mg(OH)₂ formed was heated and calcined to remove water content and to oxidation to form MgO. An economic evaluation by calculating GPM and CNPV for the production of MgO nanoparticles on an industrial scale shows that the payback period (PBP) occur in the third year and profits increase each year. Tax variations show that the higher of tax, the lower profits received. When there was an increase of selling prices, the profit was greater. The variable cost used is the price of raw material. When there was an increased in the variable cost price, the payback period was longer and the profits was reduced. The benefit of this research is knowing the industrial production of MgO nanoparticles is beneficial. The function of MgO nanoparticles is a material for the manufacture of ceramics and can be used as an antimicrobial in the water filtration process.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2001

This study was conducted to develop a prototype of adjustable desk and chair for students from elementary to high school. The development process started with identifying the problems of existing adjustable desks and chairs that are currently available in the market. The following fundamental design criteria were established and then applied to develop the prototype. The criterion of minimization of production cost yielding lower the market selling price was the most critically considered in view of the school furniture buyers' price-consciousness. Other design criteria used in this development were designing for stable and solid structure, requiring few motions and no tools to adjust, requiring the use of only one hand to adjust, unrestricting the adjustable interval, providing extra space for foot and knee area, reducing weight to move easily, and requiring not to move around for cleaning up floor. To evaluate the performance of the prototype, the adjustability of prototype was specifically compared with both dimensions suggested by KS G 2010(Korean Standards for desks and chairs for students) and current anthropometric dimension in terms of the flexible range of accommodation. Results of this study illustrate that the prototype developed in this study could be accommodated for the both dimensions. As a concluding mark, appropriate adjustable range for various grades and age groups were presented.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to identify Avatar benefits and characteristics of Avatar users. Avatars are imaginary characters that people use to represent themselves in the Cyber. The number of Netizens who want to consume avatars is increasing. It is necessary to understand about the consumption behavior of the Netizens who use Avatars. These data comes from Pollever Research Company in Korea on Oct. 2003. The factor Analysis of the data resulted in five factors that contribute to Avatar Benefits: uniqueness, response, assurance, self-expression, proxy satisfaction and affirmative. And we have found out meaningful themes, showing psychological experiences, purchasing strategies and repurchasing behavior of Avatars in the process of the consumption. The results showed a significant affect on each factor of the benefits and multiful regression analysis. Affirmative response was affected by self-esteem, fashion leadership and conspicuous value. So many Netizens were using unlimited purchasing coupons, exchanging Avatars and buying-selling-buying. Strategies for obtaining involved purchasing Avatars in order to get game points. The reason why Hangame site was No.1 of Avatar site in Korea. We have found out that Netizens needed to repurchase Avatars. Because they wanted to maintain positive psychological experiences in Avatar consumption.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

This paper considers the problem of determining the optimum target values of the quality characteristic of interest Y and the screening limits of a surrogate variable X which is correlated with Y under two-stage screening procedure. In the two-stage screening procedure, X is measured first to decide whether an item should be accepted, rejected or additional observations should be taken. If it is difficult to decide on the result of measured value of X, Y is then observed to classify the undecided items. Assuming that Y and X are jointly normally distributed, a model is constructed which involves selling and reduced prices, production, inspection, and penalty costs. Methods of finding the optimum process mean and the screening limits are presented. A numerical example and analysis of the results are also presented.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.33
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• pp.29-62
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• 2007

The object of this paper is to increase in domestic use of export factoring for small and medium trading companies. Factoring involves a process where a specialized firm assumes the responsibility for the administration and collection of account receivable for its clients. It can be considered a form of short term commercial financing based on selling of trade credit at a discount, or for a prescribed fee plus interest. The youngest and smallest businesses cannot receive working capital for account receivable for export from financial companies, while larger businesses tend to have less need for factoring services. Using export factoring provide a valuable improvement to cash flow and working capital position and can possibly contribute to small business growth and development. There are several suggestions for export factoring to activate in Korea. First, the number of factoring companies need to be enlarge to activate export factoring in trade and financial policies. Second, factoring companies have to perform public relations for trading companies to inform the export factoring system and its advantages. Third, government need to support the system of export factoring with legislation and financial instruments. Forth, trading companies need to be reformed credit inquiry system in terms of expenses and methods by government This paper has attempted to emphasize on export factoring for small and medium size exporting companies and deserves more research by academics, practitioners and trade policy makers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.877-888
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• 2002

Price is a product attribute, which is determined by the function of the producing cost and profit. It is also identified as one of the most important components of the marketing mix. For consumers, price is an always-existing cue, definite evaluation criteria, and easily accessible information in the purchasing process. Considering the concept of the clothing-price in a comprehensive perspective encompassing economic, psychological and marketing perspectives, a theoretical model was developed. The model includes souses and dimensions of price perception and related behaviors. Souses of price perception were: the actual retail price at selling point, the internal reference price and external reference price. The dimensions of price perception included sacrifice perception, economic value perception, inference, savings perception and price as information perception. Clothing price related behaviors that flowed these dimensions were: low price consciousness, value for money consciousness, price-quality inference, price-prestige inference, sale proneness and price mavenism. An empirical study was conducted to validate the theoretical model. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected from 680 adult women living in Seoul, Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis as well as exploratory factor analysis results showed that theorized price related behaviors were successful classifications.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.1 s.29
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• pp.89-99
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• 2006

Usually feasibility analysis in a narrow sense is a economic analysis of project. Feasibility analysis focused in this study is confined to the matter of finance. Many studies have been executed in qualitative element which include decision-making process or prediction of housing market. But it is difficult to find economic analysis related to characteristics of planning. In this study, floor area ratio, selling area ratio and term of works are adopted as the Characteristics of Planning. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze the Influence of the characteristics of planning on the cost of apartment by means of multiple regression analysis and what-if method.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2014

Since organized living cooperative associations sold their environment-friendly agricultural products directly to independent consumers in the past, the general distribution channels such as wholesalers had difficulty in handling these products. However, the ratio of distribution via wholesale channel has been gradually increased as consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products has expanded. This study is to address vitalization of wholesale distribution for environment-friendly agricultural products by gathering previous statistical data and analysis. In addition, statistical analysis are conducted by utilizing surveys on forwarders, consumers for environment-friendly agricultural products. As a result, the products producers ship are distributed through dealers at producers sites, producers cooperatives, or food process companies, food companies, internet shopping malls, large-scale distribution companies, consumer groups such as living cooperative associations, direct outlets at consumers sites, or exports. Among the channels, the large-scale distribution companies and franchised special shops account for 47%, the general supermarkets 15.7%, and living cooperative associations 14.6% respectively. By utilizing the research results on producers and consumers, and the distribution weight by channels for environment-friendly agricultural products, the distribution channels for living cooperative associations, wholesale markets, and large scale distribution companies are compared and evaluated. As a result, the level of producers' and consumers' satisfaction for them is the lowest since the low selling price for producers and high distribution margins.