• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.46-56
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• 2009

Disaster Management should be re-established and developed based on voluntary participations of individuals and groups, not only as a concern of the government. This paper proposes about improvement methods of managing volunteers for disaster management as follows: First, a necessity for publicity and recruitment focused on selfish motive to emphasize individual's development, selfrealization, worth and economic interesting relationship in a process of recruitment and selection, Second, a construction of process to commonly develop education program to volunteers for disaster management, Third, an activity area of volunteers for disaster management is enlarged to the intrinsic task of disaster management, Forth, an evaluation of quality for volunteer activity and compensation.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study is to explore a social capital paradigm which can be applied to many forms of social capital and intangible goods. The social capital paradigm introduces a new form of capital. This new form of capital produces a flow of socio-emotional goods that have value. Moreover, these socio-emotional goods can attach themselves to the objects used to convey them and change their value and meaning. This change in value and meaning is defined as attachment values. Exchanges of socio-emotional goods occur in networks where social capital resides. Formal and informal institutions provide order and meaning to exchanges of tangible and intangible goods. Social capital is a powerful resource that makes our choices interdependent. The social capital paradigm does not alter or contradict the basic economic theories of exchange. While the social capital paradigm accepts that selfish preferences motive many actions, it adds that sympathy and the desire to consume socio-emotional goods are powerful motivators. In case of marine affairs, ocean and fishing villages and their culture have been not only a fundamental basis of fisheries development but they also have made a great deal of contribution to forming social capital. In spite of this fact, the main reason that the problems of fisheries fishing villages fishermen in our society are kept at a distance is because they have been loosing their capability of forming social capital and producing socio-emotional goods, in addition to lowered relative economic share.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.16-19
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• 2010

최근 무선 컴퓨팅 환경과 무선 단말기관련 기술의 발전으로 인해 모바일 애드혹 네트워크관련 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서는 노드들이 자유롭게 이동하기 때문에 네트워크가 빈번하게 분리되며, 이로 인해 데이터 접근성 저하문제가 발생한다. 기존 연구에서는 데이터 접근성이 저하되는 문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 복제본 할당 기법이 연구되었다. 그러나, 지금까지 연구된 복제본 할당기법들은 모바일 애드혹 네트워크 환경의 제한된 자원으로 인한 노드들의 이기적인 행동에 대해 고려하지 않았다. 본 논문은 모바일 애드혹 네트워크 상의 노드들이 자신의 이득을 위해 협력이 아닌 이기적인 행동을 택하게 되는 과정을 게임이론을 통해 설명하고, 수익함수 조절을 통해 노드들의 이기적인 행동을 억제할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.1260-1263
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• 2011

모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서는 모바일 노드의 이동성과 네트워크의 단절성으로 인해 데이터 접근성이 감소하게 된다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해 데이터 복제본을 활용하여 데이터 접근성 향상을 위한 많이 기법들이 연구되었다. 하지만, 제안된 기법들은 노드가 가지는 이기적인 특징을 고려하지 않은 기법이기 때문에 실제 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서 이기적 행동을 하는 노드가 존재할 경우에는 데이터 접근성이 상당히 낮아진다. 최근에 이기적 노드가 존재하는 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서의 데이터 복제본 할당을 위한 기법이 제안되엇다. 하지만 이 기법은 이기적 노드를 데이터 복제본 할당 기법에서 완전히 배제를 시키기 때문에 이기적 노드를 활용할 수 없다. 그 결과, 데이터 접근성에 안좋은 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문은 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서 이기적 노드가 존재할 경우에 이기적 노드를 활용하기 위해 모든 노드를 이기적 정도와 거리에 따라 측정을 하고, 측정값을 기준으로 노드들을 레벨화 할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 실험 결과는 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 이기적 노드들이 모바일 애드혹 네트워크 상에 존재하는 환경에서 데이터 접근성이 향상됨을 보여준다.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.261-267
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• 2023

In the paper of 'Natural Selection Favors AIs over Humans,' Dan Hendrycks applies principles of Darwinian evolution to forecast potential trajectories of AI development. He proposes that competitive pressures within corporate and military realms could lead to AI replacing human roles and exhibiting self-interested behaviors. However, such claims carry the risk of oversimplifying the complex issues of competition and natural selection without clear criteria for judging whether AI is selfish or altruistic, necessitating a more in-depth analysis and critique. Other studies, such as ''The Threat of AI and Our Response: The AI Charter of Ethics in South Korea,' offer diverse opinions on the natural selection of artificial intelligence, examining major threats that may arise from AI, including AI's value judgment and malicious use, and emphasizing the need for immediate discussions on social solutions. Such contemplation is not merely a technical issue but also significant from an ethical standpoint, requiring thoughtful consideration of how the development of AI harmonizes with human welfare and values. It is also essential to emphasize the importance of cooperation between artificial intelligence and humans. Hendrycks's work, while speculative, is supported by historical observations of inevitable evolution given the right conditions, and it prompts deep contemplation of these issues, setting the stage for future research focused on AI safety, regulation, and ethical considerations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

With the Russia-Ukraine war ongoing, the war broke out due to a surprise attack by Hamas on October 7, 2023. Israel and Hamas had a conflict with similar causes and aspects in 2021, which was immediately resolved with a peace agreement. It is no exaggeration to say that 'human history is the history of war.' War accounts for a significant portion of human history. According to Kenneth Waltz, the violent and selfish nature of humans, the nature of nations pursuing their own interests, and the international system act simultaneously as causes of war. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of the Israel-Hamas war using Kenneth Waltz's three image theories to derive implications and provide implications for Korea's military strategy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.3639-3662
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• 2020

The network capability to accomplish its functions in a timely fashion under failures and attacks is known as survivability. Ad hoc routing protocols have been studied and extended to various domains, such as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), underwater acoustic networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) focusing on different aspects, such as security, QoS, energy. The existing solutions proposed in this domain incur substantial overhead and eventually become burden on the network, especially when there are fewer attacks or no attack at all. There is a need that the effectiveness of these routing protocols be analyzed in the presence of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks without any intrusion detection or prevention system. This will enable us to establish and identify the inherently stable routing protocols that are capable to survive longer in the presence of these attacks. This work presents a DoS attack case study to perform theoretical analysis of survivability on node and network level in the presence of DoS attacks. We evaluate the performance of reactive and proactive routing protocols and analyse their survivability. For experimentation, we use NS-2 simulator without detection or prevention capabilities. Results show that proactive protocols perform better in terms of throughput, overhead and packet drop.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.641-652
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• 1995

Working as nurses, authors found that some patients were not content with their hospital life. Some patients wanted to move to another ward, and others complained about their ward atmosphere. In spite of patients' discomfort, nurses didn't know what made some patients complain about their ward. So, authors tried to find factors that influence atmosphere of hospital wards of the neurosurgery patients. To know the atmosphere of wards, authors selected five neurosurgery ward of a university hospital in Seoul. Observation took a month. An author observed using molar approach, in the morning, in the day time, and in evening time. Authors used concealment /no intervention technique. An author checked condition of people in the wards, and observed their verbal and nonverbal communication behavior their activities and environmental characteristics, and interpreted their meaning through ethnographic research methodology by Spradly. Authors found there was an important factors that influence the atmosphere of ward. It was a human and his attitude. At least one person who was willing to help others made ward atmosphere better. Helping others physically whenever needed, sup-porting the depressed emotionally, offering foods, or talking to others friendly brought good atmosphere. On the contrary, if everyone was indiffernt to others, the atmosphere became cold. Self-centered or selfish behaviors such as occupying too much area, using the toilet too long, covering other's suction bottle without permission and seeing others delicate or urinate were hurtful. In addition to the attitude of patients and their families, unkindness of medical teams including nurses and doctors and tasteless meal caused bad ward atmosphere. Based on this research finding, authors suggest the followings. A For the better atmosphere of ward 1. Nurses should try to make the ward atmosphere better by introducing new patient to older ones. 2. Every ward should have dividing curtains to keep patient's privacy. 3. All hospital personnel should be kind enough to make patients feel that they are repected. 4. Hospital should serve high quality meals to patients. 5. Patients had better stay with those in the similar condition. B. For the future studies 1. Repeated researches are necessary to check reliability of this results. 2. Researches for patients in different area such as ICU, or hemodialysis unit are necessary.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.717-727
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• 2009

P2P (Peer-to-Peer) network depends on cooperation of peers considerably. However, some peers do not share files at all and only download files. Peers also share low quality files or unpopular files. These selfish behavior of peers is referred to 'free riding'. The free riding of peer may decrease participation of other peers or the system performance. In this paper, we propose an incentive mechanism, called IcMFS (Incentive Mechanism for File Sharing System), which provides the correct use of incentive mechanism using trust peer, computes contribution values referring behavior of peers and rewards peers. The proposed mechanism assigns bandwidth and TTL(Time-To-Live) to a peer and differentiates the use of service. A case study on simulations shows the service differentiation according to the contribution value of peer, the correct use of incentive mechanism using trust peer and the advantage by use of trust peer. To prove the stability of proposed mechanism, we also show the disadvantage that a peer receives from the incorrect use of incentive mechanism.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.75-91
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to identify the college students' images of Nurses. Data were collected by open-ended questionnaire. 326 subjects were composed of nursing students and non nursing students who attended in universities and junior colleges at Pusan, Kyung-buk, and Chung-buk from April 30 to May 31, 1995. Collected data were analyzed by all researchers. Statements were categorized and endowed with Key meaning. The results were 1. Positive images of nurses were classified into 21 categories. They were , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 2. Among the positive images categories, statements about the were the most. Statements about , , , were a lot. 3. For nusing students, statements about the were the most. Statements about , , , were a lot 4. For non-nursing students statements about the were the most. Statements about , , , were a lot. 5. For nursing students who have no experience of the clinical practice statements about , , were a lot. 6. For nursing students who have not experience of the clinical practice, statements about , , were a lot. 7. Negative images of nurses were classified into 21 categories. They were , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 8. Among the negative image categories, statements about the were the most. satements about , , , , were a lot.