• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1433-1436
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• 2004

The ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure of centralized administration. Load-Balanced Ad hoc Routing(LBAR) protocol is an on-demand routing protocol intended for delay-sensitive applications where users are most concern with packet transmission delay. Although LBAR mechanism is a novel load balancing routing protocol for ad hoc network, it has own limitation in route path maintenance phase. Therefore, in this paper, we propose Advanced Load-Balanced Ad hoc Routing(A-LBAR) that is delay-sensitive and has an efficient path maintenance scheme. The robust path maintenance scheme is maintained by considering about nodal loads all over network and misbehavior of overloaded or selfish nodes. The proposed scheme provides good performance over DSR and AODV in terms of packet delay and packet loss rate when some misbehaving nodes exist in the network.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.199-205
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• 2022

The extensive growth in data rate demand by the smart gadgets and mobile broadband application services in wireless cellular networks. To achieve higher data rate demand which leads to aggressive frequency reuse to improve network capacity at the price of Inter Cell Interference (ICI). Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) has been recognized as an effective scheme to get a higher data rate and mitigate ICI for perfect geometry network scenarios. In, an irregular geometric multicellular network, ICI mitigation is a challenging issue. The purpose of this paper is to develop distributed dynamic power allocation scheme for FFR based on game theory to mitigate ICI. In the proposed scheme, each cell region in an irregular multicellular scenario adopts a self-less behavior instead of selfish behavior to improve the overall utility function. This proposed scheme improves the overall data rate and mitigates ICI.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.69-71
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• 2010

모바일 네트워크에서는 모바일 노드의 이동성으로 인하여 네트워크가 빈번하게 분리되며, 이로 인해 데이터 접근성이 낮아지는 문제가 발생한다. 기존 연구에서는 이러한 문제 해결하기 위해 다양한 복제 본 할당 기법이 연구되었다. 그러나 지금까지 연구된 복제본 할당기법들은 모바일 애드혹 네트워크 환경의 제한된 자원으로 인한 노드들의 이기적인 행동에 대해 고려하지 않았다. 본 논문은 모바일 애드혹 네트워크 상의 이기적인 노드들을 검출하기 위해 이진결정 기법과 레벨화 기법을 제안하고, 이를 통해, 이기적인 노드들의 영향을 최소화하는 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 실험 결과는 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 모바일 애드혹 네트워크 내에 이기적인 노드들이 있는 환경에서 데이터 접근성이 향상됨을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.69-71
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• 2022

비트코인은 현재 가장 많이 사용하는 전자 화폐 거래 시스템으로, Proof-of-Work를 합의 알고리즘으로 사용한다. 이때 비트코인에 대한 다양한 공격기법들이 연구되었으며 대표적으로 Selfish Mining과 블록 보류 공격이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 블록 보류 공격에 대한 방지 기법의 동향에 대해서 조사하였으며, 대표적으로 딥러닝, 평판 기반 블록체인, 게임 전략을 통한 방지 기법이 존재하였다.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.47
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• pp.139-172
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• 2023

This study aims to look into the concept of Human Mind and Moral Mind and the issue of their axiological interpretation in Daesoon Thought. In the Song dynasty, the concept of the Human Mind and Moral Mind was understood as indicating two aspects of the universal Human Mind. Discourse on this theory was undertaken by scholars such as Cheng Yichuan (程伊川), Su Shi (蘇軾), and Zhu Xi (朱熹). The differences between the Human Mind and Moral Mind were interpreted as issues of cultivation. The discussion of the Human Mind and Moral Mind were established through a systematic theory by Zhu Xi, and this developed into various forms of discourse and ideological stances thereafter. One of the most important issues of the Human Mind and Moral Mind theory was its axiological interpretation, which was divided largely into three patterns. One was to interpret the Human Mind and Moral Mind as evil and good respectively (proponents included Cheng Yichuan and Zhu Xi in his early theories), the other one saw them as value-neutral and good (proponents included Zhu Xi, Toegye 退溪, and Yulgok 栗谷), and the last one interpretation held them as pre-evil and pre-good (Dasan 茶山). As the Human Mind and Moral Mind can be seen as a universal human issue, the examination of those patterns in the Confucian tradition would be meaningful for understanding the Human Mind and Moral Mind as a theoretical base in Daesoon Thought. In Daesoon Thought, the Human Mind and Moral Mind are defined as private and public respectively, but no further explanation is provided regarding these items. If we infer by considering the two in the light of the overall ideology and values that Daesoon Jinrihoe pursues, the Human Mind can be said to represent basic biological desires such as clothing, food, and sexual satisfaction all of which are human vital activities needed for the preservation of the human race. The Moral Mind can be seen as a mind that is set upon practicing morality and realizing the ideological aims of 'supporting the nation and comforting the people,' 'vast saving all creatures,' and achieving 'harmony and peace for humankind.' However, the conscience and the selfish mind, which are related axiologically to the Human Mind and the Moral Mind, are defined respectively as good and evil and explained in a relatively systematic way which includes conceptual claims and details on the origin of these aspects of mind. The reason why the discussions of the conscience and selfish mind are more systematically described than the Human Mind and Moral Mind seems to be that issues relating to the conscience and selfish mind are more directly applicable to matters of religious doctrine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2020

Graham Greene's The Quiet American is a war novel set in Vietnam. Thus, although war-related political stories are mainly unfolded, this novel presumes that Westerners are basically superior to the colored Vietnamese. In addition to racial issues, it describes the dual discrimination and inequality that women face. Phung, a Vietnamese woman who wishes to live a rich and comfortable life through marriage to a Western man, is a gender underdog oppressed by the capital and males. She is discriminated against by selfish views created by men, such as being expressed as an ignorant woman who can feel physical pain but not mental pain and being described as a partner to satisfy men's pleasure. Fowler and Pyle, the male lead characters who are gender strong, treat the Asian woman as a low-status person who is qualitatively different from Westerner and use and exploit the woman simply to satisfy their selfish needs. Therefore, it is hard to say that this story involves true love, as it is based on an unequal relationship. Eventually, Pyle's death brings Phung back to Fowler, confirming that Asian women are unable to escape from the gender underdog of Western men.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1153-1166
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• 2011

Detecting misbehavior in vehicular ad-hoc networks is very important problem with wide range of implications including safety related and congestion avoidance applications. Most misbehavior detection schemes are concerned with detection of malicious nodes. In most situations, vehicles would send wrong information because of selfish reasons of their owners. Because of rational behavior, it is more important to detect false information than to identify misbehaving nodes. In this paper, we propose the variable precision rough sets based misbehavior detection scheme which detects false alert message and misbehaving nodes by observing their action after sending out the alert messages. In the proposed scheme, the alert information system, alert profile is constructed from valid actions of moving nodes in vehicular ad-hoc networks. Once a moving vehicle receives an alert message from another vehicle, it finds out the alert type from the alert message. When the vehicle later receives a beacon from alert raised vehicle after an elapse of time, then it computes the relative classification error by using variable precision rough sets from the alert information system. If the relative classification error is lager than the maximum allowable relative classification error of the alert type, the vehicle decides the message as false alert message. Th performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated as two metrics: correct ratio and incorrect ratio through a simulation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6D
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• pp.697-705
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to clarify the relation between environmental consciousness and railway usage behavior. Author would locate this research on position of basic survey to promote railway use according to Low Carbon Green Growth policy in Korea. In this research, we would perform descriptive analysis using data of research on the actual condition of railway use in 2008, Daegu, and describe its relationship. In addition, we would suggest some idea about policy which can promote railway use. The order of railway choice behavior noticed in clustering of environmental consciousness was cooperative behavior type, middle type and non-cooperative behavior type. It suggests that environmental consciousness has effect on transportation choice behavior. Specially, railway improvement isn't enough to promote railway use. And, it is advisable to carry out the improvement in such a way that it may encourage the nation to move from the current environmental consciousness stage to cooperative behavior. Moreover, we assumed Binary Probit(BP) model using SP data of time or condition of transportation expense compared with passenger car and bus. As the results, modified likelihood ratio of two BP models is favorable variables. And it occurred that mode was transferred from passenger car to railway when it showed higher social environment consciousness and low selfish environment consciousness, because t-statistic which represents selfish environment consciousness showed significance in 95% confidence level. That is, it can be described that environment consciousness affect on the intention of railway use.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.504-514
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to describe the process of healthy dieting and develop a substantive theory that explains lifestyle in obese male college students. Methods: The participants were 11 students who had participated in self-dieting program in a health center. Data were collected with in-depth interviews and analyzed by grounded theory in Strauss and Corbin (1990). Results: Through analyzing process, 36 concepts, 18 subcategories, and nine categories were deduced. In axial coding, casual condition, 'shrinking themselves' and 'oriented to selfish lifestyle', context condition, 'distress in mutual understanding' impacted on phenomenon, 'making health with autonomous living pattern'. Intervening conditions were 'practicing with active measures' and 'growing the willpower' and action-interaction condition, 'devoting realistic plan with positiveness' totally lead to consequence in 'regaining social relationship' and 'pursuing harmonious sound of mind and body'. The periods of process were divided four stages, reflecting self-characteristics, situational copping phase, applying period realistic strategies, and developing phase of social relationship. The core category, 'developing communication competency' incorporated the relationship between and among all categories and explained the process. Conclusion: The findings indicate that self leading health program helped to develop the communication competency. Therefore, we would consider about internalized motives and external incentives in health programs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.81-101
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• 2009

This study examines married couples' forgiveness and forgiveness process in order to provide basic information related to married couples' forgiveness and to identify significant variables through analyzing socio-demographic characteristics affecting forgiveness and what influences the forgiveness process variables. Based on the study, the conclusions are as follows: First, men are affected by personal and intrinsic factors and women are affected by the other person's factor in the forgiveness. Married couples all expect that self-growth and the recovery of negative emotion occur through forgiveness. It indicates that the forgiveness contains a strong selfish character and not an altruistic character for others. Second, married couples experience hurt in the martial relationship due to problems caused by relationships with the husband's family, wife's family, and relatives. There is a significant difference between men and women in the period of problem occurrence, period of worry, seriousness degree of the problem, intention status of the problem, hurt degree, unfairness status of hurt, unfairness degree of hurt, and locus of control. Third, men's forgiveness level is higher in emotional forgiveness, cognitive forgiveness, and behavioral forgiveness. Among them, there is the biggest difference of cognitive forgiveness between men and women. Also, the variable affecting forgiveness is different between men and women.