• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1810-1817
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• 2019

Background: Effect of cervical and lumbar tractions on the reduction in the angle of curvature and the effect of a correction exercise or a general traction method on balance, muscle strength, pain, and body alignment, however insufficient research has been undertaken on self traction exercises targeting patients with scoliosis. Purpose: To determine the effect of cervical and lumbar tractions on the reduction in the angle of curvature and the effect of a correction exercise or a general traction method on balance, muscle strength, pain, and body alignment. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blinded) Methods: Twelve adults(20s) with scoliosis were included in this study and performed a traction program that was composed of a 5-min warm-up exercise, a 15-min main exercise, and a 5-min cool-down exercise (25 minutes in total), three times a week for four weeks. The Chiro traction machine was used for the self-traction exercise. Vertebral alignment, muscle strength, and flexibility were compared before and after the intervention using the paired T-test. Results: The scoliosis angle, pelvic torsion, and lumbar extensor were significantly changed by intervention; however, there was no significant difference in flexibility. Conclusion: The results revealed that self-traction exercise activated blood flow through the extension and contraction of muscles, effectively increasing the function of the muscles around the vertebrae.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.141-143
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• 2008

Due to the demand for high-output motors in the limited space between the wheels in an electric train, self-ventilating traction motors have been used for many years. periodical disassembly maintenance is necessary to remove the small quantities of dust that enter the motor from the open-air ventilation. Reducing this burden, as well as increasing efficiency and reducing noise, would benefit the next generation of moters To address these needs, KRRI is developing a fully enclosed type traction motor, a fully enclosed type traction motor with outer fans, a high-efficiency permanent-magnet synchronous motor and a direct-drive motor(DDM) as traction motors for the next generation of trains.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

The traction motor for High Speed Train is being required reliability and stability for high-speed operation. And also required low noise level, high performance, compact size owing to the space and weight limitation for attaching to train, etc. As a result of requiring the low noise level and high power capacity, it is adopted forced-air-ventilation insead of self-ventilation that is generally used on electric multiple unit. Traction motor is cooled by cooling air through the air-ventilation hole. When the traction motor is operated with forced-air-ventilation, there is some abnormal noise in the specific RPM. This paper is dealing with the method to reduce the resonance phenomena by adopting the rotor blade.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1407-1412
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• 2004

Impedance calculations of electric railway traction systems is essential to define characteristics and to design it. The self impedance is defined voltage drop rate per unit length, the mutual impedance is represented as a voltage induced to transmission line from transmission line. The self and the mutual impedance are influenced by ground return currents. The earth is considered as a semi-infinitely extended non-ideal conductor. The current of transmission line produces earth current induced magnetically and it flow through a path having minimum impedance. Carson proposed the impedance calculation formula using wave equations and magnetic field equations. Though the formula have an improper equation, that is still used as a standard impedance calculation method. This paper introduced an impedance calculation method that the complex depth of earth return method assumes that the current in conductor returns through an imagined earth depth path located directly under original conductor at a depth of. In this paper, we showed that this proposed method has a closed form and is easier than Carson's.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.24-26
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• 1995

The Development of A.C. Induction Motor for Railway Rolling Stock. The traction motor is designed as 4-pole induction motor with self ventilation. The winding insulation is throughout of materials of class C. The rotor is designed as a squrrel rotor with copper bar and casting. The rotor speed is detected by means of a pulse generator. The newer tection motor have no casting(frame). Punched-in holes make up the air duct and transfer the heat losses in complete. Maximim motor rpm is higher due to rotor construction. New is the entry of water-cooled traction motors in urban, However the water cooling design in - unfortunately - not applicable in traction motor.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.863-869
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• 2006

A new CVT, the inner spherical traction CVT (ISCVT) is introduced. Transmission of the most scooters is the self-controlled variable pulley-belt type of CVT having some disadvantages in the fuel consumption and the limitation of the transmittable power due to the slippage between the belt and pulley. Unlike this, ISCVT controlled directly by driver is more efficient and the contact mechanism having the same line of contact normal of the spherical rotors of different radii on common center causes that the power density and torque capacity are remarkably improved. The prototype with the specifications of 50cc scooter is designed and tested.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

본 연구는 최근 자동노출제어장치에 의한 X선질 보정 및 다양한 수학적 보정 알고리즘 적용이 가능한 전산화단층촬영 장치를 이용하여 견부 강제 견인용 밴드의 사용 유 무에 따라 영상의 질과 환자의 편의성 및 안정성 측면에서 견부 강제 견인법에 대한 임상적 유용성을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 경부 통증을 호소하는 환자 79명을 대상으로 견부 강제 견인용 밴드를 사용하기 전 후의 측면 투영 scout 영상과 횡단면 영상을 획득하여 횡단면 영상의 일정 크기의 관심영역 내의 화소 및 평균 HU 값을 비교하여 정량적 분석을 하였고 인공물과 해상도 및 분해능에 대한 임상 영상평가를 정성적으로 분석하였으며 환자가 느끼는 불편 정도를 자가 진단 설문 평가하였다. 결과적으로 측면 투영 scout 영상에서 견부 강제 견인용 밴드를 사용한 경우 묘출되는 경추의 수가 증가되었으나 횡단면 영상의 관심영역 내에서 견부 강제 견인용 밴드를 사용하기 전 후에 대한 화소 및 평균 HU 값의 변화는 거의 없는 것으로 판단되었으며 인공물과 해상도 및 대조도와 관련된 정성적 분석 결과에서 관찰자간 특이한 결과는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 견부 강제 견인용 밴드의 사용에 대한 자가 진단 설문 평가에서 환자의 82.27%는 불편함을 호소하였으며 정량적 및 정성적으로 영상의 질을 분석한 결과에서 사용에 따른 영상의학적 이점은 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 최근 다양한 수학적 보정 알고리즘에 의한 전처리 필터 과정의 적용과 더불어 절편 두께의 감소 및 자동노출제어장치 등에 의한 선질 보정 등이 가능한 전산화단층촬영 장치가 보급되면서 선속 경화에 의한 영상의 잡음은 문제가 되지 않을 것으로 판단되어 영상의 질에 영향을 주지 않으면서 환자에게 불편함을 주거나 추가적 위험성이 있는 견부 강제 견인용 밴드의 사용은 더 이상 임상적 유용성이 없는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.845-855
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a self-propelled underground crop harvester and its performance was evaluated by measuring the load during actual potato harvesting operations. This study was conducted at a constant working speed of 1 km·h^-1. A load measurement system was installed to measure the actual load and the required working power was analyzed. A hydraulic pressure sensor was also installed to measure the hydraulic pressure. The required hydraulic power was calculated using the hydraulic pressure and flow rate. The results showed that the engine speed, torque, and power during harvesting operation were in the range of 845 - 1,423 rpm, 95 - 228 Nm, and 9 - 31 kW, respectively. Traction power, excluding the hydraulic pump of the tractor and power take-off (PTO) output, was in the range of 9 - 28 kW, and it was confirmed that it occupies a ratio of 16.2 to 50% of the engine rated output. The engine can supply the minimum required traction power to move the vehicle. This means that the engine used in this study could be down-sized to be suitable for an underground crop harvester. In this study, the gear stages of the tractor were not considered. This research thus shows the possibility of developing a self-propelled underground crop harvester.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.20-28
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• 1998

This study proposes a new method to estimate voltage unbalance more exactly using Thevenin's equivalent circuit. The conventional simple formula were easily applied to evaluate voltage unbalance. Because the formula was derived on the assumption that traction load would be directly connected to the secondary windings of the main transformer, they could not consider the detailed characteristics of traction power supply system, for example, self and mutual impedances of rail, catenary and return feeder. So, the ac쳐racy of the results could not be guaranteed. The proposed algorithm is applied to a standard autotransformer-fed test system to analyze unbalance phenomena. Through simulations, we could evaluate voltage and current unbalance factors and compare the voltage unbalance of the three transformer connection schemes : single phase, V- and Scott-connections which are required for suitable train operation schedules. Additionally, we could determine the combinations of trains which can be operated under the unbalance factor limits.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

Post-construction subgrade settlement especially differential settlement, has become a key issue in construction and operation of non-ballasted track on high-speed railway soil subgrade, which may also affect the dynamic performance of passing trains. To estimate the effect of differential subgrade settlement on the mechanical behaviors of the vehicle-slab track system, a detailed model considering nonlinear subgrade support and initial track state due to track self-weight is developed. Accordingly, analysis aiming at a typical high-speed vehicle coupled with a deteriorated slab track owing to differential subgrade settlement is carried out, in terms of two aspects: (i) determination of an initial mapping relationship between subgrade settlement and track deflections as well as contact state between track and subgrade based on a semi-analytical method; (ii) simulation of dynamic performance of the coupled system by employing a time integration approach. The investigation indicates that subgrade settlement results in additional track irregularity, and locally, the contact between the concrete track and the soil subgrade is prone to failure. Moreover, wheel-rail interaction is significantly exacerbated by the track degradation and abnormal responses occur as a result of the unsupported areas. Distributions of interlaminar contact forces in track system vary dramatically due to the combined effect of track deterioration and dynamic load. These may not only intensify the dynamic responses of the coupled system, but also have impacts on the long-term behavior of the track components.