• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 과학교육에 협력적 문제해결 중심 교수모델 적용에서 학생의 인성 역량을 평가하는 평가 도구를 개발하는 것이다. 문헌 분석을 통해 개방성, 공감, 관용, 배려, 성실, 자기조절, 정직, 책임, 협력의 9개 인성 역량 구성요인을 추출하였다. 기존 인성 역량 관련 척도를 바탕으로 전문가 협의를 통해 협력적 문제해결 중심 교수모델에 기반 한 학생 인성 역량 평가 문항을 개발하였다. 전문가 집단을 대상으로 88개의 예비문항에 대한 1차 조사를 하였고, 예비조사 결과를 바탕으로 문항을 수정 보완하였다. 재구성된 문항의 타당도를 확인하고자 중 고등학교 과학교사 71명을 대상으로 2차 내용타당도 조사를 하였고, 해당 문항의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 평정자간 신뢰도를 산출하였다. 평가 문항의 내용타당도 및 평정자간 신뢰도는 전반적으로 양호한 수준으로 나타났고 분석 결과를 토대로 53문항을 최종적으로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 평가 도구는 협력적 문제해결 중심 교수모델을 통한 학생의 인성 역량 변화를 알아보고 과학교육에서 학생 인성 역량을 평가하는 데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2012

해양은 지구상에서 제일 큰 물의 지리적 단위이다. 해양에 관한 국제법은 <유엔 해양법협약>으로 이는 지구상에서 유일한 <지구 헌법>이다. 동 협약에 의하여 세계 1/3의 해양이 연안국에 속하게 되었다. 다시 말해 해양의 이용권과 관리권을 연안국 중심으로 관할권을 주어서 연안국의 관할범위가 넓어지게 된 것이다. 이에 따라 세계 각국의 권력범위는 새로운 변화를 가져오게 되었다. 즉, 해양국토도 육지국토와 마찬가지로 한 국가의 중요한 물질적 조건이 된 것이다. 따라서 현재는 해양에 대한 전력이 그 어느 때 보다도 중요하게 되었다. 이제 해양은 국제 경제와 국제정치 및 군사투쟁의 중요한 무대로서 한 국가의 권익, 자원개발 및 이용에 관한 분쟁이 많이 나타나게 되었다. 이러한 분쟁을 해결하려면 강대한 종합적 국력과 함께 해양력이 필요한 것으로 분석되었고, 해양력에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 것은 해양경찰력으로 나타났다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.86-97
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• 1996

The traditonal inpatient acute hospital setting is organized primarily for the intensive management of disease, but not well-suited for continuity of care for the chronically ill patients after being discharged from hospital. For the planning of the continuity of care, firstly, it is necessary to assess the home care needs of the discharged pateints in the context of the nursing diagnosis. Therefore, this study is designed to identify the home nursing care need trajectory of the patients with chronic illness after discharged from one of the the General Hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The subjects are the patients with chronic illness such as stroke, musculoskeletal disease, hypertension, cancer etc., in average age of 52. 2 years old. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The limitaion of ADL has been constantly facing to the subjects and has not been changed 4 weeks after being discharged. And the sense of with-drawal was getting worse at 4th weeks than the 1st week after being discharged. 2) The lists of the patient's problems are the impairment of mobility, elimination pattern, inactivity, impairment of skin integrity, ineffective airway clearance, and potential anxiety, self concept deficit, ineffective family coing, etc. Those problems were diminished in quantity at the first week after discharged, but at the 4th week, those problems were getting worse. 3) The need of specialized nursing care such as tube feeding, ostomy care, $O_2$ inhalation, IV therapy, teaching and exercise are considered as the most consisting problems facing to the subjects. 4) In general, the chronically ill patients and their caregivers have not been adapted well even at the 4th weeks after being discharged. 5) Considering those findings, the basic care for patients should be given and the trainging for process of the adaptation after discharged should be encouraged prior being discharged from hostital. For this suggestion, the systematic discharge planning should be carried and the hospital based home nursing model should be implemented at the general hospital for the chronically ill patients.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.35-51
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• 1995

This study was done to define nursing diagnose and to test the validity of the characteristics for patients with cerebrovascular accidents being seen at home by home health care nurses. This study was a descriptive study. The sample consisted of 10 experts(professors and home health care nurses) who had had a variety of experience using nursing diagnoses in clinical practice, and 336 nurse progress notes for 18 patients with cerebrovascular accidents. First, 32 nursing diagnoses were defined by the analysis of 336 nurse progress notes, and ten nursing diagnoses were selected according to a criteria of frequency and four nursing diagnoses from home health care clinical practice. Second, content validity was examined by an expert group which considered the sign / symtoms of the fourteen nursing diagnoses. The instrument used for this was a checklist for sign / symtoms based on the nurse progress notes and literature : Carpenito(1993), Kim Cho Ja et al (1994), Lee Sun Ok et al.(1994), Kim Mae Ja et al. (1992), Seoul University Hospital (1993) , Kim Mi Ja et al. (1991). The data were collected from March 1995 to April 1995. Data were analyzed using Content Validity Incidence where if 80% or more of the expert group agreed, characteristics were defined as a major sign/symtoms, if between 50% and 79% of the expert group agreed with the characteristic it was defined as a minor sign / symtoms. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Thirty-two nursing diagnoses related to patients with cerebrovascular accidents were defined. There was a high frequency for the following : 'Potential for disuse syndrome (61%)', 'Impaired physical mobility(50%)', 'Impaired skin integrity (44.4%)', Potential for aspiration(33.3%)', 'Potential for infection: respiration(33.3%)', 'Self-care deficit : bathing /hygine(27.8%)', 'Ineffective family coping(22.2%)', 'Potential for trauma(22.2%)', 'Alteration in nutrition: less than body requirements(22.2%)'. The following diagnoses were also used in home health care clinical practice : 'Anxiety in family (50%)', 'Caregiver fatigue(27.8%)', 'Ineffective treatment behavior (22.2%)', 'Ineffective Levin tube management and Levin tube feeding(22.2%)'. Fourteen nursing diagnoses were selected. 2. Ten of the nursing diagnoses for patients with cerebrovascular accident were listed as nursing diagnoses by NANDA but four nursing diagnoses were new nursing diagnoses used in home health care clinical practice. 3. Characteristics of the ten Nursing Diagnoses from NANDA were developed from the sign /symtoms in the literature and in the nurse progress notes. These characteristics was verified as major or minor sign / symtoms by the expert group. 4. Characteristics of the four nursing diagnoses used in home health care were not defined by the literature but only by the nurse progress notes and verified as major or minor signs /symtoms by the expert group. On the basis of the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made : 1. Continual study is necessary to identify other signs /symtoms not verified in this study. 2. It is necessary to use verified signs /symtoms in home health care clinical practice. 3. It is necessary to define related factors which define each diagnoses in this study. 4. It is necessary to develop of standardized nursing are plans which include defined signs and symtoms. 5. It is necessary to study the outcomes of the standardized nursing care plans.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1979

A review of this literature and discussions reveal a development of ideas concerning the elements of nursing models. The elements of a nursing model are the nurses view of the human being, nursing's goal, and nursing activities. It has long been recognized that human beings, at one time or another, require nursing care. Varieties of literature were reviewed in regard to the human being as recipient of nursing care through the theory development in nursing. Florence Nightingale initiated the modern era of nursing and described more clearly man as the recipient of nursing care. She looked at man as responding to the laws of nature whether the person was healthy or sick. Henderson added to Nightingale's concept of man , the recipient of nursing care by emphasizing that man is a whole, complete, and independent being. Her view is further specified by her enumeration of the activities the human being must perform. Johnson has developed a very comprehensive view of man as the recipient of nursing care. Man is a behavioral system which has a tendency to achieve and maintain stability in patterns of functioning. Like Nightingale, Johnson sees that similar patterns occur in both health and illness. Johnson postulates that the whole behavioral system of the human is composed of eight sub-systems: affiliative, achievement, aggressive, dependency, eliminative, ingestive, restorative, sexual. Roger's main contribution to the development of nursing models was her emphasis upon unitary man. She pointed out that man is a unified whole, possessing his own integrity and manifesting characteristics that“are more than and different from the sum of his parts.”Rogers focuses on the life processes of the human and points out that these processes have the following characteristics. Wholeness, openness, unidirectionality, pattern and organization, sentence, and thought. According to Roy, man is a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment. To cope with this changing environment, man has certain innate and acquired mechanisms. Man's ability to respond positively or to adapt, depends upon the degree of the change taking place and the state of the person coping with the change. When she analyzes man as an adaptive organism she further describes man as being composed of four adaptive modes: physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Based on the literary review through the theory development in nursing, general approach by a unified nursing model to a view of the recipient of nursing care may be stated as follows: Man is a unified whole composed of subsystems with a flexible and normal line of defense; his internal regulating mechanisms help him to cope with a changing environment; he functions by the principles of homeodynamics.

• 기록학연구
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• 제38호
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• pp.3-35
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• 2013

실체가 있는 종이기록물은 물리적 접근이나 통제가 비교적 손쉽다. 그러나 전자기록의 경우 권한이 있다면 누구나 접근할 수 있는 활용적 측면이 강조되어 전자기록의 진본성과 무결성을 보장하기 위한 적절한 기준과 안정성이 중요하다. 본 연구는 표준기록관리시스템이 전자기록의 품질요건을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 하는 접근관리 기능에 대해 국내외 기능 요건서 및 표준에서 최소한의 필수항목을 추출하여 체크리스트를 작성하였다. 이 체크리스트를 바탕으로 표준기록관리시스템이 접근관리를 위한 기능을 제대로 구현하였는지 평가하고, 실제 기록관리업무에 어떻게 활용되고 있는지 사용현황을 알아보았다. 기록물관리 전문요원은 대체로 접근관리기능을 사용하지 않는데, 이는 기록관리시스템의 활용이 아직 많지 않아서 필요성을 느끼지 못했기 때문인 것으로 드러났다. 표준기록관리시스템이 보다 활성화된 시스템으로 거듭나기 위해서는 기능 통합 등 시스템적인 개선과 더불어 다음의 사항을 고려해야 한다. 첫째, 접근권한 설정에 대한 명확한 규정이 필요하다. 둘째, 문서보안 솔루션을 통해 수행하고 있는 접근 통제를 기록관리시스템에서도 구현할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 셋째, 기록관리시스템을 사용하는 기록물관리 전문요원이 지속적인 평가와 개선을 통해 시스템을 진화시켜야 한다. 넷째, 기록관리시스템의 기능개선을 위한 공론화의 장이 필요하다. 그동안 기록관리시스템에 대한 논의는 학계에서 공론화하여 논의를 하기 보다는 불평불만을 직설적으로 말함으로 협력을 통한 소통을 불가능하게 해왔다. 학계, 정부, 그리고 기록학을 공부하는 연구자 모두 서로 발전하는 방향으로 논의를 진행해야 한다.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제16호
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• pp.273-296
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• 2008

The author analyzed the psychological factors which affected on the way of Mrs. Park in the became a virtuous woman and compared these psychological factors with a virtuous women in Samganghaengsildo based on the relationship between Mrs. Park in and Samganghaengsildo's the virtuous women volume. First of all, it's about the power of authority on women. The volume of Samganghaengsildo's virtuous women was about the group of women who were recognized as virtuous women by the king who had absolute power at the time period. The volume of Samganghaengsildo's virtuous women was very well known for women. This book had a huge impact on women since the government authority educated the women using this book. In addition, the incredible events which were written in Samganghaengsildo indicated that the behavior of virtue was the right thing to follow since even super power recognized it as a good thing to do and the woman might be punished when she didn't follow the behavior of virtue. Second, it was based on the similarity of circumstance and uncertainty for the future. Mrs. Park in showed similar behavioral patterns with a virtuous woman in Samganghaengsildo since she took her role model from the virtuous woman. When Mrs. Park lost her husband, she was not sure about her future and the volume of Samganghaengsildo pointed out that there was another world after the death and she would meet her husband again after the death. In addition, the incorrect information that she would feel better psychologically when she followed her dead husband instead of living herself. Third, it is about the resemblance of obsessive mind and self internalization. The examination of the record of Mrs. Park showed that Mrs. Park tried to internalize integrity, loyalty, and virtue of virtuous women in Samganghaengsildo and became herself like virtuous women. In addition, the woman's obsessive mindset remarkly reflected in Samganghaengsildo. For instance, Mrs. Park in held to the time of death of her husband and the writer who wrote about the behavior of Mrs. Park also emphasized that the time of death of Mrs. Park was closed to the time of the death of her husband. This explained that the obsessive mindset of women in the epic of virtue women could have influence on the women's mind who tried to show the similar behavior with a virtue woman and internalize it. Finally, the people of the day also were not free from it.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제50호
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• pp.363-389
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• 2016

도덕은 하나의 철학적, 심리적 상념으로서도 존재하지만, 실천으로 이어져야만 비로소 도덕으로서 역할을 할 수 있게 된다. 기본적으로 도덕이란 타자가 자신과 공존할 때, 그 타자와의 관계에서 좋음(goodness) 또는 옳음(righteousness)을 추구하는 것이기 때문이다. 그런 도덕이란 대부분 본능적으로 체득할 수 없기에 도덕교육이 있게 되는데, 한국인의 경우 서구와 다른 도덕적 전통을 갖고 있으며 따라서 서구적 도덕교육으로 충분하지 않거나, 전통적 도덕교육을 활용함으로써 더 나은 교육이 이루어질 수 있는 가능성을 찾을 수 있다. 그런 견지에서 전통의 실천적 의미를 재해석하고 활용하는 일은 한 편의 논문으로는 너무 방대한 과제이다. 그래서 이 글에서는 비교와 범주화, 그리고 활용의 편의를 위해 전통을 '근세 유교(조선왕조 이후의 유교) 전통'으로 한정짓고, 다시 도덕교육 가운데 현행 도덕과교육의 교육과정을 전통 교육과정과 비교함으로써 일정한 성과를 얻고자 하였다. 전통 교육과정은 기(氣)의 발달에 근거하여 연령별로 단계별 학습을 시도했으며, 그 핵심 이념은 인(仁)과 의(義), 실천적 덕목은 효(孝), 제(弟), 자(慈), 직(直), 근(勤), 검(儉)이라고 정리해볼 수 있다. 여기서는 그러한 전통 교육 이념이 '자신과의 관계', '타인과의 관계', '사회 공동체와의 관계', '자연 초월과의 관계'로 영역을 나누고 각기 지향할 가치, 실천할 덕목을 배정한 현 도덕과교육의 체계와 상통할 수 있다고 보고, 그에 따라 교육현장에서 실천할 몇 가지 전통-현대 융합적 교육 방안들을 제안하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.781-788
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• 2021

본 논문은 K56 탄약운반장갑차의 주제어기와 서보제어기간의 통신에서 발생하는 통신오류를 개선하기 위한 설계에 관한 연구이다. K56 탄약운반장갑차는 K-55A1 자주포의 탄약 보급 및 적재를 자동화하여 운용을 보조하기 위한 장비이다. 탄약운반차의 캔통신보드는 주제어기의 내부에 탑재되어 서보제어기와의 통신을 위해 장착되는 핵심적인 기능품이다. 기존의 캔통신보드에서 정의되지 않은 오류가 간헐적으로 발생하는 문제점이 확인되었으며, 이로 인하여 탄적재 과정 중 탄약보급시스템 운용 중단 현상이 발생한 바가 있다. 본 논문은 발생된 문제를 해결하기 위하여 주제어기, 서보제어기간의 통신신호의 분석 및 기능시험을 통하여 고장 원인을 식별하였다. 또한 Read/Write 알고리즘 개선을 통한 재설계를 수행하여 오류 발생 현상을 해소하였다. 마지막으로, 제안된 원인 분석 및 설계의 유효성을 캔통신보드 단품 시험을 통하여 입증하였다. 이 연구가 캔통신보드의 신뢰성 향상을 통한 방위력 증진과 더불어, DPRAM을 이용하는 전자장치 전반의 신뢰성 향상에도 참고자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the operational status and level of understanding among IRB and HRPP staffs at a hospital or a research institute to the HRPP guideline set by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and to provide recommendations. Methods: Online survey was distributed among members of Korean Association of IRB (KAIRB) through each IRB office. The result was separated according to topic and descriptive statistics was used for analysis. Result: Survey notification was sent out to 176 institutions and 65 (37.1%) institutions answered the survey by online. Of 65 institutions that answered the survey; 83.1% was hospital, 12.3% was university, 3.1% was medical college, 1.5% was research institution. 23 institutions (25.4%) established independent HRPP offices and 39 institutions (60.0%) did not. 12 institutions (18.5%) had separate IRB and HRPP heads, 21 (32.3%) institutions separated business reporting procedure and person in charge, 12 institutions separated the responsibility of IRB and HRPP among staff, and 45 institutions (69.2%) had audit & non-compliance managers. When asked about the most important basic task for HRPP, 23% answered self-audit. And according to 43.52%, self-audit was also the most by both institutions that operated HRPP and institutions that did not. When basic task performance status was analyzed, on average, the institutions that operated HRPP was 14% higher than institutions that only operated IRB. 9 (13.8%) institutions were evaluated and obtained HRPP accreditation from MFDS and the most common reason for obtaining the accreditation was to be selected as Institution for the education of persons conducting clinical trial (6 institutions). The most common reason for not obtaining HRPP accreditation was because of insufficient staff and limited capacity of the institution (28%). Institutions with and without a plan to be HRPP accredited by MFDS were 20 (37.7%) each. 34 institutions (52.3%) answered HRPP evaluation method and accreditation by MFDS was appropriate while 31 institutions (47.7%) answered otherwise. 36 institutions answered that HRPP evaluation and accreditation by MFDS was credible while 29 institutions (44.5%) answered that HRPP evaluation method and accreditation by MFDS was not credible. Conclusion: 1. MFDS's HRPP accreditation program can facilitate the main objective of HRPP and MFDS's HRPP accreditation program should be encouraged to non-tertiary hospitals by taking small staff size into consideration and issuing accreditation by segregating accreditation. 2. While issuing Institution for the education of persons conducting clinical trial status as a benefit of MFDS's HRPP accreditation program, it can also hinder access to MFDS's HRPP accreditation program. It should also be considered that the non-contact culture during COVID-19 pandemic eliminated time and space limitation for education. 3. For clinical research conducted internally by an institution, internal audit is the most effective and sole method of protecting safety and right of the test subjects and integrity for research in Korea. For this reason, regardless of the size of the institution, an internal audit should be enforced. 4. It is necessary for KAIRB and MFDSto improve HRPP awareness by advocating and educating the concept and necessity of HRPP in clinical research. 5. A new HRPP accreditation system should be setup for all clinical research with human subjects, including Investigational New Drug (IND) application in near future.