• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

As the life-expectancy is ever-increasing, and the proportion of the elderly population is growing steadily in every society of the world, it is ever more important to establish what factors allow certain elderly people to age successfully and remain relatively independent while others grow old less successfully and require extensive intervention. However, there is no consensus yet as to what successful aging means. Researchers have defined successful aging in a variety of ways. This study attempted to define the concept of successful aging and to clarify some dimensions of it through literature review. Previous approaches of studying successful aging and related themes were examined. Early perspectives including activity, disengagement, and continuity theories, Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) model by Baltes and Baltes, three different conceptions of successful aging, that is, psychological well-being, physical health, and wisdom, and MacArthur research on successful aging have been reviewed for this study. The definition derived from the review is: Keeping up continuous developmental processes to achieve wisdom or ego-integrity, without suffering any major disabilities in either physical or mental functioning, while maintaining psychological well-being and employing SOC strategies, and participating in positive relationships with significant others. The dimensions of successful aging are 1) personal resources, including physical health, cognitive competences, self esteem, and social support 2) adaptation process of SOC, and 3) psychological aspects, including psychological well-being and wisdom.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2086-2098
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• 2018

Security plays a vital role and is the key challenge in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). Infrastructure-less nature of MANET makes it arduous to envisage the genre of topology. Due to its inexhaustible access, information disseminated by roaming nodes to other nodes is susceptible to many hazardous attacks. Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) is undoubtedly a defense structure to address threats in MANET. Many IDPS methods have been developed to ascertain the exceptional behavior in these networks. Key issue in such IDPS is lack of fast self-organized learning engine that facilitates comprehensive situation awareness for optimum decision making. Proposed "Intelligent Behavioral Hybridized Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IBH_IDPS)" is built with computational intelligence to detect complex multistage attacks making the system robust and reliable. The System comprises of an Intelligent Client Agent and a Smart Server empowered with fuzzy inference rule-based service engine to ensure confidentiality and integrity of network. Distributed Intelligent Client Agents incorporated with centralized Smart Server makes it capable of analyzing and categorizing unethical incidents appropriately through unsupervised learning mechanism. Experimental analysis proves the proposed model is highly attack resistant, reliable and secure on devices and shows promising gains with assured delivery ratio, low end-to-end delay compared to existing approach.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

This paper suggests a car-following algorithm for urban environment, with multiple target candidates. Until now, advanced driver assistant systems (ADASs) and self-driving technologies have been researched to cope with diverse possible scenarios. Among them, car-following driving has been formed the groundwork of autonomous vehicle for its integrity and flexibility to other modes such as smart cruise system (SCC) and platooning. Although the field has a rich history, most researches has been focused on the shape of target trajectory, such as the order of interpolated polynomial, in simple single-lane situation. However, to introduce the car-following mode in urban environment, realistic situation should be reflected: multi-lane road, target's unstable driving tendency, obstacles. Therefore, the suggested car-following system includes both in-lane preceding vehicle and other factors such as side-lane targets. The algorithm is comprised of three parts: path candidate generation and optimal trajectory selection. In the first part, initial guesses of desired paths are calculated as polynomial function connecting host vehicle's state and vicinal vehicle's predicted future states. In the second part, final target trajectory is selected using quadratic cost function reflecting safeness, control input efficiency, and initial objective such as velocity. Finally, adjusted path and control input are calculated using model predictive control (MPC). The suggested algorithm's performance is verified using off-line simulation using Matlab; the results shows reasonable car-following motion planning.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.565-582
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• 2023

The present research reports the application of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) as an alternative to conventional concrete to improve the seismic behavior of short columns. Experimental and finite element investigation was conducted by testing five reinforced engineered cementitious composite (RECC) concrete columns (half-scale specimens) and one control reinforced concrete (RC) specimen for different shear-span and transverse reinforcement ratios under cyclic lateral loads. RECC specimens with higher shear-span and transverse reinforcement ratios demonstrated a significant effect on the column lateral load behavior by improving ductility (>5), energy dissipation capacity (1.2 to 4.1 times RC specimen), gradual strength degradation (ultimate drift >3.4%), and altering the failure mode. The self-confinement effect of ECC fibers maintained the integrity in the post-peak region and reserved the transmission of stress through fibers without noticeable degradation in strength. Finite element modeling of RECC specimens under monotonic incremental loads was carried out by adopting simplified constitutive material models. It was apprehended that the model simulated the global response (strength and stiffness) and damage crack patterns reasonably well.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

With the development of the 4th industry, big data using AI is being used in many areas of our lives, and the importance of data is increasing accordingly. In particular, as various services using personal information appear and hacking attacks that exploit them appear in various ways, the importance of personal information management is increasing. Personal information must be managed safely even when collecting, retaining, using, providing, and destroying personal information, and the rights of information subjects must be protected. In this paper, an analysis was performed on the notification of usage history during the protection of the rights of information subjects using the MyData model. According to the Personal Information Protection Act, users must be periodically notified of the use of personal information, so we notify each individual of the use of personal information through e-mail or SNS once a year. It is difficult to understand and manage which company use my personal information. Therefore, in this paper, a personal information usage history notification system model was proposed, and as a result of performance analysis, it is possible to provide the controllability, availability, integrity, source authentication, and personal information self-determination rights.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.237-256
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• 1998

Death and dying of human being is a comprehensive system, and death orientation, the subjective meaning related to every component of the death system is developed throughout life. This study was designed and carried out to identify, describe and classify the orientations of Korean adult towards the death system. In an attempt to measure the subjective meaning of death and dying, unstructured Q-methodology was used. The 65 Q-statements developed by Kim(1994), used by Kim(1994) and Park(1996) were adopted as Q-population and 39 Q-statements were selected by the three researchers for Q-items for this study. Thirty-three P-samples were sampled from P-population of literate Korean men and women, 35 and 55 years of age, lived in urban Korea for the last 10 years. Sortings of the 39 Q-items according to the level of personal agreement, and a forced normal distribution into the 9 levels were carried out by the P-samples. The Z-scores of the Q-sort data were computed, and the principal components factor analysis by PC-QUANL Program were carried out. The demographic, socio-cultural and health-related attributes of the P-samples were descriptively analysed. Eight types of death orientation were identified ; Type I ; 'naturalist'. Six P-samples. Death is a natural phenomena, to be accepted as it is and to follow its natural course. Prefer to be informed of all facts and possibilities concernig the course of dying and death to occur to self. Type II ; 'life-after-life negator'. Three P-samples. Time and process of death is the destiny of each person. Death means 'darkness' and 'end to every thing, the absolute end'. Yet, wish physical integrity at the dying and after death. Type III ; 'life-after-life believer'. Six P-samples. Men are travellers passing by this life bound to the life-after-life. Priority concerns are on the activities to prepare self for the eternal life ahead. Disregard premature and sudden death. Type IV ; 'here-now believer' Five P-samples. Positive regard to the cremation of the body and donation of the organs on death. Regard religious and customary post-motem rituals meaningless. Negate life-after life. Type V; 'believer of rituals'. Five P-samples. Death being accepted as a part of, a natural end to, and destiny of human life. Concerned to ensure a dignified end to personal life and dignified post-mortem rituals. Type VI ; 'Realist'(derived from Type I). Two P-samples. Life and death as universal reality. The abrupt death at golden age at the peak of happiness is favored to avoid inevitable physical and mental distress of self and the family. Agreed to the cremation of the body. Disregard rituals. Type VII : 'Fatalist' (derived from Type II). Five P-samples. Not favored, yet, all man are destined to death, the inevitable end of all living beings. To ensure dignified end by personal consummation, information on one's dying and imminent death are to be shared. Type VIII ; 'reality avoider'(derived from Type III). One P-sample. Negative to longevity, artificial prolongation of, meaningless and distressful life. Highly positive to postmortem organ donation.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.82-94
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• 2009

This paper examines the roles, main contents, and writing guidelines of ethical codes, and analyses the developmental process and characteristics of ethical codes of scientific and technological communities in Korea. Korean communities occasionally tried for ethical codes from the 1970s to the 1990s, and have paid a serious attention to ethical codes in the 2000s. The forms of ethical codes became more sophisticated pursuing detailed commentary and ethical education. The focus of contents changed from professional dignity to social responsibility, and the importance of research integrity became embossed in the 2000s. Scientific and technological communities in Korea should make or revise ethical codes with self-imposed control considering realistic operation.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.145-178
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• 2020

This paper examines discussions surrounding cognitive liberty, neuro-privacy, and mental integrity from the perspective of Neuro-rights. The right to control one's neurological data entails self-determination of collection and usage of one's data, and the right to object to any way such data may be employed to negatively impact oneself. As innovations in neurotechnologies bear benefits and downsides, a novel concept of the neuro-rights has been suggested to protect individual liberty and rights. In Oct. 2020, the Chilean Senate presented the 'Proyecto de ley sobre neuroderechos' to promote the recognition and protection of neuro-rights. This new bill defines all data obtained from the brain as neuronal data and outlaws the commerce of this data. Neurotechnology, especially when paired with big data and artificial intelligence, has the potential to turn one's neurological state into data. The possibility of inferring one's intent, preferences, personality, memory, emotions, and so on, poses harm to individual liberty and rights. However, the collection and use of neural data may outpace legislative innovation in the near future. Legal protection of neural data and the rights of its subject must be established in a comprehensive way, to adapt to the evolving data economy and technical environment.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.309-318
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• 2023

Recently, each country has been moving to introduce an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. The LCA is a mean of measuring and evaluating greenhouse gas emissions generated over the entire life cycle of a vehicle. Reliable data for each electric vehicle component is needed to increase the reliability of the LCA results. To this end, studies on life cycle evaluation models using blockchain technology have been conducted. However, in the existing model, key product information is exposed to other participants. And each time parts data information is updated, it must be recorded in the blockchain ledger in the form of a transaction, which is inefficient. In this paper, we proposed a DID(Decentralized Identity)-based data collection model for LCA to collect vehicle component data and verify its validity effectively. The proposed model increases the reliability of the LCA by ensuring the validity and integrity of the collected data and verifying the source of the data. The proposed model guarantees the validity and integrity of collected data. As only user authentication information is shared on the blockchain ledger, the model prevents indiscriminate exposure of data and efficiently verifies and updates the source of data.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.280-292
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• 2015

Purpose: In this study a system dynamics methodology was used to identify correlation and nonlinear feedback structure among factors affecting unplanned extubation (UE) of ICU patients and to construct and verify a simulation model. Methods: Factors affecting UE were identified through a theoretical background established by reviewing literature and preceding studies and referencing various statistical data. Related variables were decided through verification of content validity by an expert group. A causal loop diagram (CLD) was made based on the variables. Stock & Flow modeling using Vensim PLE Plus Version 6.0b was performed to establish a model for UE. Results: Based on the literature review and expert verification, 18 variables associated with UE were identified and CLD was prepared. From the prepared CLD, a model was developed by converting to the Stock & Flow Diagram. Results of the simulation showed that patient stress, patient in an agitated state, restraint application, patient movability, and individual intensive nursing were variables giving the greatest effect to UE probability. To verify agreement of the UE model with real situations, simulation with 5 cases was performed. Equation check and sensitivity analysis on TIME STEP were executed to validate model integrity. Conclusion: Results show that identification of a proper model enables prediction of UE probability. This prediction allows for adjustment of related factors, and provides basic data do develop nursing interventions to decrease UE.