• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual maturation, body image, and self-esteem of Korean elementary school girls with symptoms of precocious puberty compared to those with no symptoms of precocious puberty. Methods: The subjects were 309 girls of lower grades in elementary school. Tanner's Sexual Maturation Rating (SMR), Self Image Scale, and Self-esteem Scale were utilized to determine the presence of symptoms of precocious puberty, body image, and self esteem. Collected data were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The percentage of the girls with breast development was 14.9%. Breast development usually began in the third grade (56.5%). Of the subjects, 0.3% were experiencing menstruation. Breast development was related to grade, age, height, weight, and a cause of worry. There was a significant difference of body image between girls with breast development in the first grade and in the second grade. Conclusion: An effective intervention that can improve the self-image of children with symptoms of precocious puberty should be developed to prevent and treat physical and mental problems related to sexual maturation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2013

This study suggests basic data on optimum thermal insulation for spring wear through an investigation of subjective thermal sensation, self-health image and actual wearing conditions. A survey of university students using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted to collect data on subjective thermal sensation, self-health image, wearing conditions, demographics and physical characteristics. The variable of wearing conditions was measured as the response to the clothing they were wearing. Garment items (26 types for males and 41 types for females) were suggested and the items worn by the students were converted into the thermal insulation values for clothing. The main results are as follows. As for the body type perception, males perceived themselves as not fat while females perceived themselves as not thin. As for the health perception, males perceived themselves healthier than females. As for the climate adaptability perception, females were more sensitive to cold than males. The average thermal insulation of clothing was 0.97clo (0.34-1.95clo) with higher insulation for males than females. Students were more sensitive to the cold when their BMI was lower, their body surface area per body weight was larger, and the more they perceived themselves as not healthy. There was a significant correlation between the self-health image of sensitiveness to cold and the thermal insulation of clothing. The results were synthetically discussed in terms of environmental physiology.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among body image, self-esteem and sociability according to perception of body shape and obesity level. Methods: The subjects in this study were 325 elementary school youngsters in their sixth year. A survey was conducted, and one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation analysis and path analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Normal weight group accounted for 43.4%, under weight group 34.8% and obesity group 21.8%. In underweight group, 53.1% of the subjects perceived their body was normal or fatty while 17% of subjects in normal group perceived their body was fatty. There were significant differences in body image according to the perception of body shape by grade(F=15.90, p=.000) and to the level of obesity(F=6.18, p=.002). There was a significant difference in self-esteem according to the perception of body shape by grade(F=3.17, p=.430). There was a significant difference in sociability according to the level of obesity(F=3.48, p=.032). There was significantly strong positive correlation among their body image, self-esteem and sociability. A structural equation model was tested and fitted the data well. Conclusions: This study suggested that health education is needed to establish the correct body image from the elementary school periods by school health educators. The right body image is more important than anything else to improve self-esteem and sociability.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of body image, self-esteem, and behavior problems comparing children of short stature and children of normal height, and to enhance growth development through early detection of social or emotional problems in children of short stature. Methods: The data were collected from June 2 to September 25, 2008. The participants were 38 children who were diagnosed with short stature and their mothers and 38 children of age appropriate stature and their mothers selected from 311 elementary students in D city. The participants were matched by using propensity analysis for controlling confounding variables. Sapiro-Wilk test, t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS/WIN 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in body image and behavior problems between children of short stature and children of age appropriate stature. There was no significant difference in self-esteem between the two groups. Positive correlation was found between body image and self-esteem. In children of age appropriate stature, a negative correlation was found between body image and behavior problems. Conclusion: A specialized program which focuses on behavior problems, body image, and self-esteem should be developed to help children of short stature in school-based settings.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among body image Perception, eating behavior and health status in young females. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires for 293 female high school students(HS) and 164 female college students(CS) living in Daegu and suburbs of Daegu. For the perception of body image, 9-grade body figure drawings were used based on average Korean body size. EAT-26 and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to measure the tendency of eating disorder and self-esteem. It appeared that 40.5% of the subjects were off the normal range of body weight; especially 34.2% of the subject were underweight. The subjects' perception about current body image was within normal range. Almost of all the subjects believed that the ideal body image was thinner than their own current body image, and they wanted to be thinner than their current body image. The change of eating behaviors related to weight control of CS was significantly higher than that of HS students. EAT-26 score, self-esteem score, and subjective health status score were no difference between groups. The cut-off point of the eating disorder in this study was equal to or greater than 20 in EAT-26 score. The rates of the eating disorder were very high as 9.6% of HS and 8.5% of CS. Eating disorder was positively correlated with BMI, current body image, dissatisfaction of body image and the change score of eating behavior. But eating disorder was negatively correlated with health status. From the results of this study, we suggested that one of causes related to the eating disorder behaviors in adolescent females was resulted from misperception about ideal body image. There is a great need to provide nutrition educations concerning appropriate perception of body image and weight control among adolescent females.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body image, weight-control self-efficacy, and body mass index of high-school girls. Methods: Body image, gender role identity, weight-control self-efficacy, and body weight control behavior were measured by structured questionnaires. Date were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation, using the SPSS program. Results: Body weight control behavior was positively correlated with weight-control self-efficacy and objective body mass index. Body weight control behavior showed significant differences according to the interest in weight control, current weight control effort, reasons for weight control, secret method for weight loss, eating breakfast or not, and the amount of time exposed to mass media. In regard to the body weight control behavior according to the gender role identity type, the androgynous showed significantly higher tendency than other types. Conclusion: These findings suggest that health providers need to educate high-school girls about appropriate body image and weight control behavior. Also, more studies are needed to identify factors influencing weight control behavior.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.376-386
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the smoking behavior of adolescents, in order to provide basic data to develop a future nursing intervention program for smoking prevention. Methods: The study subjects were 162 adolescents attending high schools, who were living in K city. The instruments included the Self Esteem Scale translated by Jeon (1974), beliefs about the social rule scale developed by the Committee for Adolescence Guidance (1988), differential peer association developed by Krohn et. al. (1982), perceived behavioral control scale developed by Hanson (1997), intention of smoking scale developed by Newman et. al.(1982), and self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et. al. (1982). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: 1. The smoking behaviors of the subjects were significantly correlated with beliefs about social rule, perceived behavioral control. differential peer association, intention of smoking, self efficacy, grade, father's level of education, monthly pocket money, time of onset for smoking, degree of alcoholic intake, and drug abuse. 2. The multiple regression analysis revealed the most powerful predictor for smoking behavior was time of onset for smoking. A combination of beliefs about social rule, perceived behavioral control, grade, differential peer association, and intention of smoking accounted for 54.0% of the variance for smoking behavior in adolescents. Conclusion: It is recommended that these influencing factors for smoking behavior be considered when developing future nursing intervention programs for the antismoking behaviors of adolescents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2016

Background: Early detection is a critical part of reducing the burden of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) has been found to be an especially important early detection strategy in low and middle income countries such as Malaysia. Although reports indicate that Malaysian women report an increase in BSE activity in recent years, additional research is needed to explore factors that may help to increase this behavior among Southeastern Asian women. Objective: This study is the first of its kind to explore how the predicting variables of self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and body image factors correlate with self-reports of past BSE, and intention to conduct future breast self-exams among female students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Through the analysis of data collected from a prior study of female students from nine Malaysian universities (n=842), this study found that self-efficacy, perceived barriers and specific body image sub-constructs (MBSRQ-Appearance Scales) were correlated with, and at times predicted, both the likelihood of past BSE and the intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. Results: Self-efficacy (SE) positively predicted the likelihood of past self-exam behavior, and intention to conduct future breast self-exams. Perceived barriers (BR) negatively predicted past behavior and future intention of breast self-exams. The body image sub-constructs of appearance evaluation (AE) and overweight preoccupation (OWP) predicted the likelihood of past behavior but did not predict intention for future behavior. Appearance orientation (AO) had a somewhat opposite effect: AO did not correlate with or predict past behavior but did correlate with intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. The body image sub-constructs of body area satisfaction (BASS) and self-classified weight (SCW) showed no correlation with the subjects' past breast self-exam behavior nor with their intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that both self-efficacy and perceived barriers to BSE are significant psychosocial factors that influence BSE behavior. These results suggest that health promotion interventions that help enhance self-efficacy and reduce perceived barriers have the potential to increase the intentions of Malaysian women to perform breast self-exams, which can promote early detection of breast cancers. Future research should evaluate targeted communication interventions for addressing self-efficacy and perceived barriers to breast self-exams with at-risk Malaysian women. and further explore the relationship between BSE and body image.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.452-462
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting body image among undergraduate students. Method: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data collection was done using self-report questionnaires with 319 undergraduate students located in 3 cities, Seoul, Gangneung and Seosan. Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS Win 12.0 Program were used to analyze the data. Results: In the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, gender, height, weight and college major were controlled. Body surveillance and body shame significantly predicted 72.3% of appearance orientation. Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and self-esteem significantly predicted 33.5% of appearance evaluation. Self-esteem and body surveillance significantly predicted 15.9% of health orientation. Self-esteem significantly predicted 23.3% of health evaluation. Conclusion: Findings from this study provide a comprehensive understanding of body image and related factors in undergraduate students in Korea. However, further study with a larger random sample and more a detailed research design is necessary.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of group art therapy on old adults' powerlessness, loneliness. depression and self-image (for 55-year old or older people). Method: An experimental group of 10 persons were given group art therapy for 1 hour per week for 8 weeks. Results: The result of this study showed that group art therapy is effective in decreasing older adults' powerlessness (p<0.05) and their loneliness and depression (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the score of loneliness (p>0.05). A tree test was executed to analyze self-image change. and the result of the tree test showed a significant change in the tree shape. which mean a significant positive change in self-image. Conclusions: The scores of older adults' powerlessness, loneliness and depression were lowered by the group art therapy. Therefore it is thought that group art therapy program was an effective intervention for improving older adults' quality of life. Thus, this study suggests to apply group art therapy as a supportive nursing intervention in order to manage powerlessness, loneliness, depression and self-image in old low-income adults.