• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5439-5444
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• 2015

Background: One of the main causes of delay in diagnosis of oral cancer is lack of awareness about aetiology and symptoms among the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of patients regarding oral cancer and their attitude towards tobacco cessation. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Isfahan-Iran in 2014. A 29-item self-administrated questionnaire was designed and piloted and distributed to patients attending dental clinics. Questions were focused on awareness about oral cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, places in the mouth which are more susceptible and attitude toward tobacco cessation. Chi-square, T-test, ANOVA and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 546 valid completed questionnaires were obtained. The mean knowledge score of patients was 4.1(${\pm}2.7$) out of 13. Some 80% of patients did not know about early manifestations of oral cancer. Only 18% knew the most likely sites of oral cancer. Only 43.1% and 65.2% of patients reported alcohol and tobacco consumption as the main risk factors but they had a fair knowledge about other risk factors. There was no significant difference in Knowledge level between patients regarding their sex, educational levels and age. Most patents (90%) expected their dentists to warn them about the harmful effects of smoking and showed willingness to quit if recommended. Conclusions: Knowledge about oral cancer was found to be quite low. It seems necessary to increase the level of public awareness using educational programs with cooperation of dentists in tobacco cessation programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3429-3434
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• 2014

Aims: To identify the psychosocial adjustment of Turkish patients with breast cancer and the effects of perceived social support on their adjustment. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 100 volunteering patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the last six months reporting to the Outpatient Chemotherapy Unit at the Medical Faculty Hospital in northern Turkey. The data for the study were collected through the Descriptive Information Form, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self-reflection (PAIS-SR) and the Cancer-Specific Social Support Scale and analyzed via SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test, ANOVA and correlation were used to evaluate data. Results: There was a negative significant correlation between mean scores in the sub-scales of the social support scale and the ones in the sub-scales of the psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a negative significant correlation between confidence support and health care orientation as well as adjustment to social environment. Likewise, emotional support was in a negative significant correlation with health care orientation, adjustment to domestic environment, extended family relationships and adjustment to social environment. Conclusions: It was concluded that social support for patients with breast cancer had an influence on their psychosocial adjustment to illness. Holistic care should be given to breast cancer patients by oncology nurses especially in the first six months of treatment. It could be concluded that patients should be accompanied by their family/relatives in treatment and care following their diagnosis with breast cancer, that their family should be made more aware of the fact that the patient should be physically and psychologically supported, that patients with breast cancer should be provided with domiciliary care, and that they should be encouraged to participate in social support groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2105-2110
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• 2016

Purpose: A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess factors delaying presentation of breast cancer cases. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a pair of highly specialized referral centers, both located in the center of the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. For a total of 153 eligible respondents, durations of delay, clinicodemographic factors and reasons of referral were collected from our respondents through self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis and ANOVA were used to test the relation between periods of delay and different factors. Odd ratios (OR's) and their correspondent Confidence intervals (95% CI's). Delay periods were studied with Andersen's model. Results: The average duration of delay in our study was 11.9 (${\pm}11.2$) months. Only a quarter of our patients presented early within the first 3 months after onset of their symptoms. About 47.7% arrived later during the course of the first year, while it took beyond that for the last 27% to come. A prior diagnosis of BC was the only predictor of early presentation (for 3-12 months OR=9.6 (p<0.00), 95% CI 9.55-9.75; for >12 months OR=9.3 (p<0.00), 95% CI 9.33-9.33). Out of the 12 different reasons for delay given by our respondents, none showed a significant difference between patients presenting early or late. Financial incapacity (17.5%), ignorance about BC (14.3), and misinterpreting symptoms (12.7%) were the top three whys of delay. Conclusions: Our findings support existence of a non-uniform pattern of delay among Sudanese BC patients. Changing currently adopted awareness elevating strategies into much more inclusive approaches is strongly recommended.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.659-667
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• 2012

Purpose: The study was to identify the level of Spiritual Health and Fatigue in women with breast cancer according to three treatment phases (post op phase, adjuvant phase, follow up phase). Methods: The research method was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected from 161 women patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Both in-patient and out-patient units from two general hospitals were the source of subjects. The subjects completed two standardized instruments: the "Spiritual Health Scale" developed by Highfield and the "Fatigue Scale" developed and revised by Piper. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, ${\chi}^2$, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Multiple regression. Results: The subscale scores of Self-Esteem of spiritual health and fatigue in patients with breast cancer differed among the three treatment phases (F=3.14, p= .046; F=3.31, p= .039). Significant correlations were found between spiritual health and fatigue. The variables which explained 29% of the variance in fatigue in breast cancer patients were education, religious belief, economic status, and spiritual health. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated that spiritual health significantly explain fatigue. It is needed to develop nursing interventions to improve the spiritual health of breast cancer patients to manage fatigue according to treatment phases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in stroke patients and to compare characteristics of different rating scales - Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression (HAD.D)- with regard to diagnosis and severity assessment for post-stroke depression. Methods: Participants included 44 stroke patients who could communicate. At admission, all study participants received a semi-structured interview using the HDRS and a self-completed questionnaire using the BDI and the HAD-D. Pearson's correlation method was used to examine associations among the three depression scales. The BDI and HAD-D were compared based on HDRS criteria, and the sensitivity and specificity using cut-off values were analyzed. Results: The HDRS showed that 52.30% of stroke patients had depressive symptoms on the BDI and HAD-D it was 59.10%. The HDRS correlated significantly with the BDI (r=0.81, p<0.01) and HAD-D (r=0.55, p<0.01). The BDI correlated significantly with HADS (r=0.50, p<0.01). After calculating the area under the ROC curve to decide on HDRS criteria, the BDI (AUC=0.91, 95% CI: 0.83.0.99) showed a significantly larger area compared to the HAD.D (AUC=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.94). The cut-off value of the BDI was 12.50 points with a sensitivity of 81.00% and a specificity of 76.20%. Conclusion: These findings show that the BDI is a useful screening test for depression that most closely predicts the HRDS score.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.639-647
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the need for hospice care programs in families of patients with cancer. Method: The study surveyed 98 families who were taking care of patients with cancer. This survey was conducted from August 2004 to October 2004 at two general hospitals in Seoul. The data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire of 22 items. The items were classified into five areas by factor analysis to identify the construct validity. The reliability of the tool was established by Cronbach's alpha as .93 and the data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: 1) The degree of need for hospice care of the subjects showed a high average of $3.26({\pm}3.7$). The need for 'emotional care of patients showed the highest mean' (M=3.47), 'management of terminal physical symptoms' (M=3.34), 'control of secondary physical problems' (M =3.26), 'acceptance of the family's difficulty' (M=3.12), 'spiritual care for preparing for death' (M=2.96), respectively. 2) With respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences in hospice care needs, according to the onset of diagnosis (F=3.110, p=.030). Conclusion: Hospice care must be provided considering the needs of families of patients with cancer. In this sense, this country's needs as well as hospice nurses' higher concern and support for hospice care of patients require further education and program development to meet the current demands.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Temporomadibular disorders (TMDs) can result in chronic pain, which is often associated with psychological and sleep disturbance. Increased levels of psychological and sleep impairments are often related with poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinical features, psychological profiles and the prevalence of clinical insomnia in TMD patients with chronic pain and to suggest an effective treatment approach. Methods: A total of 200 TMD patients who had visited the Pusan National University Hospital dental clinic for treatment of their pain were recruited from June 2018 through December 2019. TMD patients were classified into an acute (n=100) and chronic (n=100) group and compared the clinical symptoms. The primary diagnosis of TMD were categorized as TMD with joint pain group (TMD_J), TMD with muscle pain group (TMD_M) and TMD with joint-muscle mixed pain group (TMD_JM). Self- report measures of sleep quality and psychological profiles were evaluated via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Korean Stress Response Inventory (SRI). Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and chisquared test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Chronic TMD patients showed higher pain intensity, as well as higher prevalence of related symptoms (headache, musculoskeletal pain) and myogenous pain. They also had significantly higher scores in all SRI parameters and a higher percentage of clinical insomnia than acute TMD patients. Conclusions: Based on the above results, psychological profiles and sleep quality assessments are necessary to provide essential data that will allow for improved treatment of chronic TMD patients.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-69
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop learning materials for the remedial curriculum, part of the 7th sequential differentiated math curricula, in an effort to fix the academic deficiencies of underachieving students, provide motivation to them and enhance their self-directed learning capabilities. The subjects in this study were the students in their second year of C middle school, who were in want of remedial education. After their mid-term and finals grades in the first semester of 2003 were analyzed to measure their academic deficiencies, remedial learning materials about math 8-A stage were developed, by modifying the textbook and existing materials, in consideration of 7-A stage. After they were utilized in remedial class, frequency analysis was conducted to find out what the students thought of the developed learning materials, and diagnosis evaluation was implemented to find out how many students passed the test, improve the materials, and suggest in which way their achievement could get better.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

In order to hide their identities, intruders on the Internet often attack targets indirectly by staging their attacks through intermediate hosts known as stepping stones. In this paper, we propose a brute-force technique to detect the stepping stone behavior on a Linux server where some shell processes remotely logged into using interactive services are trying to connect other hosts using the same interactive services such as Telnet, Secure Shell, and rlogin. The proposed scheme can provide an absolute solution even for the encrypted connections using SSH because it traces the system calls of all processes concerned with the interactive service daemon and their child processes. We also implement the proposed technique on a CentOS 6.5 x86_64 environment by the ptrace system call and a simple shell script using strace utility. Finally the experimental results show that the proposed scheme works perfectly under test scenarios.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.19A no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

The higher thinking skills, such as creativity and problem-solving about a given problem, are difficult to assess and diagnose. For an accurate diagnosis of these higher thinking abilities, we need to fully observe learner's problem-solving process or learner's individual reports. However, in an online learning or virtual class environments, evaluation of learner's problem-solving process becomes more difficult to diagnose. The best way to solve this problem is through reporting by tracking learner's actions when he tries to solve a problem. In this study, we developed a module which can evaluate and diagnose student's problem-solving ability by tracking actions in MS-Office suite, which is used by students to solve a given problem. This module performs based on the learner's job history through user tracking. To evaluate the effectiveness of this diagnostic module, we conducted satisfaction survey from students who were preparing the actual MOS exams. As a result, eighty-one (81) of the participants were positive on the effectiveness of the learning system with the use of this module.