• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2001

This paper presents the implementation of comparator which are Fail-Safe with respect to faults caused by any single physical defect likely to occur in NMOS and CMOS integrated circuit. The goal is to use it at the Fail-Safe system. First, a new fault model for PLA(Programmable Logic Array) is presented. This model reflects several physical defects in VLSI circuits. It focuses on designs based on PLA because VLSI chips are far too complex to allow detailed analysis of all the possible physical defects that can occur and of the effects on the operation of the circuit. Second, this paper show that these design, which was implemented with 2 level AND_ORor NOR-NOR circuit, are optimal in term of size. And it also present a formal proof that a comparator implemented as NOR-NOR PLA, based on these design, is self-testing with respect to most single faults in the presented fault model. Finally, it discuss the application of the self-testing comparator as a building block for implementing Fail-Safe Adder.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.123-127
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to improve academic understanding of middle school students' academic problems by examining their impact on Academic Engagement and Academic Burnout, and to provide basic data to them in preparing various solutions. The Multiple Regression analysis was conducted on 388 middle school students to check the degree of influence on Academic Engagement and Academic Burnout, environmental Variables (parent relationship, friend relationship, teacher relationship) and individual Variables (life satisfaction, happiness, Self-Esteem, autonomy, Attention focused, Grit, depression). According to the analysis of 388 middle school students, the factors affecting Academic Engagement were: attention concentration, teacher relationship, persistence, self-respect, life satisfaction, parent relationship, depression and happiness. Second, the factors affecting Academic Burnout were depression, teacher relationships, friend relationships, parent relationships, persistence, self-respect, and attention. Since then, these findings have suggested directions and implications to prevent Academic Burnout, of middle school students in Korea and to them to Academic Engagement.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.109-122
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to put an art counseling program in the elementary school maladjusted child and helped the school life adjustment of the maladjusted child's self-respect and social ability development. For this purpose, picked out 4 people children who are the lowest score in the child where the total score is below 100 points sorted 6 grades of Y elementary school in Daejeon. The art counseling program as a reconstruction of the prior study to meet an object of this study was provided to children in experimental group at the researcher's classroom after school for 12 session, two sessions per week. For analyze the study result. First, for quantitatively analysis of an maladjusted behavior compared pre and post test of conduct of school life adjustments test. Second, for confirm the change of self-respect and social ability development pre and post test and analyzed comparison. Third, recognizing trial state change of an maladjusted children put a KSD pre and post test and analyzed comparison with contents of a picture. Fourth, every session of the qualitative analysis which describes the conduct quality of each child led and the maladjusted child should have been visible what kind of change after the art counseling program execution criminal record, compared. The result of the study is the art counseling program decreased the maladjust conduct of the maladjusted child and is effective to self-respect and social ability development of the maladjusted child. And the art counseling program letting induces the change which is affirmative psychologically with the maladjusted child. As a result, the art counseling program to help the self-respect of the maladjusted child and social ability development, and it will be more effective in the school life adjustment for the maladjusted child.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.486-495
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• 2011

This study aims to identify what effect self-growth programs has on self-esteem and career decision-making self-efficacy of female college students. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the self-growth program had a positive effect on improvement of general and academic self-esteem. The self-growth programs had a positive effect on all areas including selection of goals, information on job, problem-shooting and future plans out of the areas of career decision-making self-efficacy. The results of the study demonstrated that the self-growth programs had significant effect on improvement of self-esteem and career decision-making self-efficacy. To help college students respect themselves and others, set their own plans on their future jobs and be responsible for their future, more intensive and useful research on self-growth programs is needed.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.146
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• pp.25-48
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• 2018

Starting from common sense that happiness is a state where needs are satisfied, this paper suggests the intelligence and the virtues for democratic citizens. The fact that human beings exist, relate to each other, and undertake activities which can become of moral worth when joined by autonomy, equality, and responsibility, respectively, is explained. It is also discussed that happy citizens should be able to exist autonomously in the face of political power, make an equal relationship with political power and fellow citizens, and undertake responsible activities. Lastly, it is suggested that happy citizens should be able to understand the plurality of value-contents, the similarity of value-forms, and the possibility of value-realization, and then be equipped with self-respect, mutual respect, and law-respect.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.695-707
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate relationships among gifted students' perceived parental behavior of their parents, self-esteem, and emotional intelligence. The sample includes 91 6th-11th grade gifted students enrolled at a gifted program in a University. The surveys, administered in March, 2012, assess self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and the parental behavior of the parents of gifted students. Data were collected and analyzed by the researchers, using SPSS 18.0. The results are as follows: 1) Each of the 10 item's mean score is over 4.0, and the total mean scores on self-esteem is 4.36 out of 5 (SD=.546), showing positive responses. 2) The mean scores of two aspects of emotional intelligence were close to 4, showing positive perception. 3) The mean scores on perception of a father's and a mother's behavior are at 3.89 and 4.10, respectively; the three factors of perception among fathers (care, trust, and respect) are close to 4.0, while care (3.57) was somewhat low; the perception among mothers is at 4.31 (care), 4.20 (lesson), 4.01 (respect), and 3.96 (trust), showing statistical differences between fathers and mothers. 4) The correlation existed between self-esteem and emotional intelligence, between self-esteem and the four aspects of parental behavior, and between emotional intelligence and parental behavior. 5) Regression analyses showed that respect (${\beta}$=.422, p<.001) among fathers, and trust (${\beta}$=.450, p<.001) among mothers affected students' self-esteem; lessons (${\beta}$=.414, p<.001) and trust (${\beta}$=.280, p<.01) among fathers and lessons (${\beta}$=.450, p<.001) and respect (${\beta}$=.331, p<.01) among mothers affected students' emotional intelligence. The implication of this study, limitation, and future study ideas are suggested at the end of this paper.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out long-term effects of the self-help program including the stretching exercise of patient with fibromyalgia, Our findings will have the way for the nursing intervention for reduction of fibromyalgia symptoms and physical disability. Method: The research design was pre-post test design of an experimental group. 41 subjects with fibromyalgia were subjected to our study. Participants of this program were participated with a group of 8 to 12 members with duration of two and half hours for two years(March. 1998 to January. 2000). The Self-efficacy was measured by the Self-efficacy scale. Symptom was converted to scores based on visual analog scale. Physical disability was measured with questionnaires prepared by researchers of this study. Data were collected by the structured interview using questionnaires after self-help program and after 8 months. Data were analyzed by frequency, $x^2$-test and repeated t-test using SPSS 11.0 for windows. Result: Daily activities were not changed but self-described symptom was changed after 8 months. After 8 months, exercise performance along with taking drugs showed significantly lowering trend with respect to self-help program. Relieved symptom of patient with fibromyalgia has continued until 8months after 6weeks program of self-help. Also Promoted self-efficacy of patient with fibromyalgia continued after 8months. After 8 months, in self-described physical disability has showed significantly worse off than after self-help program. Conclusion: In this study, the long-term effects after self-help program for fibromyalgia have showed all symptoms and self-efficacy except exercise performance and physical disability. Therefore, it will be desirable that application of the follow up program with peer group meeting.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.103-122
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of their money attitudes to spending behaviors of middle, high, and college students. The total number of students selected for this study were 1,252. Factor analysis, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, two-way ANOVA, Duncan' multiple range test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. The results were summarized as followings: 1) The tendency of attitude that money is good was highest. Also, the tendency of attitude that money represents freedom and power was slightly high. On the other hand the attitudes that money represents achievement, and that money is evil were low. Especially the attitude that money represents respect was lowest. 2) Resulting from two-way ANOVA, the attitudes that money is good and represents achievement showed significant interaction effects between sex and age. The altitude that money is good showed significant differences by sex especially among middle and high school students. The altitude that money represents achievement showed significant differences by age among the male students. Three types of attitudes that money is evil, money represents respect, and money represents both freedom and power showed significant main effects in different age groups. Also the attitude that money represents freedom and power showed significant main effect by different sexes. 3) Four different types of measuring spending behaviors scored slightly low mark. 4) Resulting from two-way ANOVA, four different spending behaviors showed significant difference only by sexes and ages. Planned spalding behavior and conscious spending behavior showed significant differences in ages and sexes separately. While impulsive spending behavior by different age groups resulted in significant differences. Excessive spending behavior by sexes resulted in significant differences. 5) Regression analysis showed that planned spending behavior had the linear relationships in no, sex, self-esteem, and attitude that money is good. Conscious spending behavior had the linear relationships in ses, and attitudes that money represent achievement. respect, and freedom. Impulsive spending behavior had the linear relationships in age, self-esteem, and attitudes that money is good and that money is evil, and attitude that money represent freedom, Excessive spending behavior had the linear relationships in sex, self-esteem, and attitudes that money represent achievement, respect and freedom.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.167-183
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• 2011

This study examined whether any relationship exists between teachers' and children's perceptions of the teacher-child relationship and how factors such as the child's self-regulation and stress, and the teacher's self-efficacy and stress affect the teacher-child relationship. The participants for this study consisted of 101 kindergarteners and 17 teachers. Most of the children (88%) and teachers (88%) perceived teacher-child closeness. On the other hand, 22% of children and 11% of teachers perceived teacher-child conflict. The child's self-regulation affected both children's and teachers' perceptions of teacher-child closeness and conflict. The teacher's self-efficacy affected both children's and teachers' perceptions of teacher-child closeness. It also affected teachers' perceptions of teacher-child conflict. The child's and teacher's stress affected both children's and teachers' perceptions of teacher-child conflict. These findings were discussed with respect to implications for the classroom and future research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.589-590
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• 2013

The fast development of electronic devices towards wireless, portable and multi-functionality desperately needs the self-powered and low maintenance power sources. The possibility to coupling the nanogenerator to wearable and portable electronic device facilitates the self powered device with independent and self sustained power source. Nanogenerator has ability to convert the low frequency mechanical vibration to electrical energy which is utilized to drive the electronic device [1]. The self powered power source has the ability to generate the power from environment and human activity has attracted much interest because of place and time independent. The human body motion based energy harvesting has created huge impact for future self powered electronics device applications. The power generated from the human body motion is enough to operate the future electronic devices. The energy harvesting from human body motion based on triboelectric effect has simple, cost-effective method [2, 3] and meet the required power density of devices. However, its output is still insufficient to driving electronic devices in continues manner so new technology and new device architecture required to meet required power. In the present work, we have fabricated the triboelectric nanogenerator using PDMS polymer. We have studied detail about the power output of the device with respect to different polymer thickness and varied separation distance.