• 재활치료과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2013

목적 : 본 연구는 첫째, 지역사회 아스퍼거 장애 아동을 대상으로 대처모델(coping model)을 적용한 작업치료 평가를 실시한다. 둘째, 평가결과를 바탕으로 중재계획을 수립해 본다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 지역사회 아동시설에 거주하는 만 7세 남자 아동이다. 대처모델을 바탕으로 2주간 외적 및 내적 요인으로 나누어 평가를 실시하였다. 외적 요인 평가에는 대상자와 주변환경의 상호작용 및 학교와 지역사회 참여에 대한 내용이 포함되어 있다. 내적 요인 평가는 관찰과 구조화된 평가를 통한 발달 상태와 의학적 상태를 확인하고, 상황에 대한 적절한 기분과 감정 상태에 대한 관찰이 포함되어 있다. 결과 : 대처모델을 적용하여 작업치료 평가가 이루어진 후, 중재 계획을 수립하였다. 첫째, 시간자원을 효과적으로 사용할 수 있도록 한다. 둘째, 지연된 운동 능력을 향상시키기 위해 소운동 영역에 대한 중재 프로그램을 실시한다. 셋째, 아동이 조절하지 못하는 행동들에 대한 자기조절방법과 대처 방법에 대한 교육을 실시한다. 넷째, 시설 내에서 아동에게 지속적으로 관심을 가지고 관리해 줄 수 있는 인적, 물리적 자원에 대해 찾아보고 이를 활용할 수 있도록 한다. 결론 : 본 연구는 지역사회 아스퍼거 아동을 대상으로 대처모델을 적용한 작업치료 평가 및 중재계획을 수립하였다. 향후 연구에서는 직접적인 중재를 통해 실질적인 모델 적용 사례를 제시되어야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2005

This study is the quasi-experimental study on the gait training rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to prepare the baseline data for most suitable of gait while we were scrutinizing how the walking characters, functional walking ability, gait quality of stroke patients were affected by the gait on BWSTT (Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training) through the change of treadmill velocity and body weight support. To accomplish this purpose, this study used thirty subjects, more than 3 months post stroke, for rehabilitation who were divided between two gait training groups they received the neurophysiological physical therapy. For 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 15 minutes per session, the BWSTT group participated in 30 sessions structured speed-dependent treadmill training with 30% body weight supported, and the ratio of body weight support was gradually decreased as the patients advanced the capability of more self-support. The OGT(Over Ground Training) group received the same quantity of equal sessions like BWSTT. Firstly, we measured the absolute improvement of walking velocity (m/s), capacity(min/m) and cadence(steps/min) among walking characters. Secondly, we measured the functional walking ability such as Functional Ambulatory Category(FAC, score out of 5), Modified Motor Assesment Scale(MMAS, score out of 6) and Gait Quality Chart(score out of 41). Data analysis was performed with using SPSS 10.0 win program. The descriptive analysis was used to obtain average and standard deviation. The independent t-test and the paired t-test were used to compare both the groups about pre and post training test. Treatment effects were established by pre and post assessment. Subjects tolerated the training well without side-effects. Therefore, the results of this study were as follows; 1. There was a more significant difference from the improvement of walking velocity(0.09m/s), endurance(4.53min/m), cadence(4.20steps/min), FAC(0.26score), MMAS(0.33 score) and hip joint and pelvic of gait quality(0.39 score) ever before in the BWSTT group(p<.05). 2. There was a more significant increase from the walking velocity(0.01m/s) in the OGT group(p<.05). 3. There was a more statistical significant increase from comparing the average of walking velocity in both groups ever before(0.42m/s in BWSTT group and 0.31m/s in OGT group)(p<.05). There was a statistical significant difference from the average of cadence in both groups(61.87step/min in BWSTT group and 3.60steps/min in OGT group)(p<.05). As we can see from above, the findings suggest that BWSTT may be more effective than the OGT for improving some gait parameters such as gait velocity and cadency. This conclusion also suggest that BWSTT is more effective for the improvement of gait of stroke patients.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2016

본 논문은 전류 센싱 FET가 내장되어 있고 온-저항이 낮으며 고전류 구동이 가능한 트렌치 게이트 고 전력 MOSFET를 제안하고 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 트렌치 게이트 전력 소자는 트렌치 폭 $0.6{\mu}m$, 셀 피치 $3.0{\mu}m$로 제작하였으며 내장된 전류 센싱 FET는 주 전력 MOSFET와 같은 구조이다. 트렌치 게이트 MOSFET의 집적도와 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위하여 자체 정렬 트렌치 식각 기술과 수소 어닐링 기술을 적용하였다. 또한, 문턱전압을 낮게 유지하고 게이트 산화막의 신뢰성을 증가시키기 위하여 열 산화막과 CVD 산화막을 결합한 적층 게이트 산화막 구조를 적용하였다. 실험결과 고밀도 트렌치 게이트 소자의 온-저항은 $24m{\Omega}$, 항복 전압은 100 V로 측정되었다. 측정한 전류 센싱 비율은 약 70 정도이며 게이트 전압변화에 대한 전류 센싱 변화율은 약 5.6 % 이하로 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2002년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제21권 1호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2002

In recent years, modularization of engine parts has increased the application of plastic products in air intake systems. Plastic intake manifolds provide many advantages including reduced weight, contracted cost, and lower intake air temperatures. These manifolds, however, have some weakness when compared with customary aluminium intake manifolds, in that they have low sound transmission loss because of their lower material density. This low transmission loss of plastic intake manifolds causes several problems related to flow noise, especially when the throttle is opened quickly. The physical processes, responsible for this flow noise, include turbulent fluid motion and relative motion of the throttle to the airflow. The former is generated by high-speed airflow in the splits between the throttle valve and the inner-surface of the throttle body and surge-tank, which can be categorized into the quadrupole source. The latter induces the unsteady force on the flow, which can be classified into the dipole source. In this paper, the mechanism of noise generation from the turbulence is only investigated as a preliminary study. Stochastic noise source synthesis method is adopted for the analysis of turbulence-induced, i.e. quadrupole noise by throttle at quick opening state. The method consists of three procedures. The first step corresponds to the preliminary time-averaged Navier-Stokes computation with a $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model providing mean flow field characteristics. The second step is the synthesis of time-dependent turbulent velocity field associated with quadrupole noise sources. The final step is devoted to the determination of acoustic source terms associated with turbulent velocity. For the first step, we used market available analysis tools such as STAR-CD, the trade names of fluid analysis tools available on the market. The steady state flows at three open angle of throttle valve, i.e. 20, 35 and 60 degree, are numerically analyzed. Then, time-dependent turbulent velocity fields are produced by using the stochastic model and the flow analysis results. Using this turbulent velocity field, the turbulence-originated noise sources, i.e. the self-noise and shear-noise sources are synthesized. Based on these numerical results, it is found that the origin of the turbulent flow and noise might be attributed to the process of formulation and the interaction of two vortex lines formed in the downstream of the throttle valve. These vortex lines are produced by the non-uniform splits between the throttle valve and inner cylinder surface. Based on the analysis, we present the low-noise design of the inner geometry of throttle body.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.100-111
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• 1997

This is the first Korea study to evaluate the effects od the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic informaion for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major insturment of this study were Krean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudes : driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle conditions, the use of drugs, high-risk behaviors, and human factors. To take the analysis of data, the total of 350 divers were investigated ambulance divers and others in Taejon City and others (6 City) from 1996. 1. July to 1996. 31. July. The data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics and the logistic regression - path analysis - with SPSS and SAS package program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(16.2%) and undesirable attitude group(17.6%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accidents much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving < Y(Accdient) = -2.64 + 0.57 $X_1$ (Emotion Control) + 0.30 $X_2$(Seed control) + E > and motor traffic acident much affected with emotion control and high-risk behavior on safety driving < Y(Accident) = -1.11 + 0.33 $X_1$(Emotion Control) + 0.29 $X_2$(High-risk Behvior) + E > 4. The primary emphassis of ambulance drivers was make us realized that improthatnt factors on safety ambulance driving were 1)making way for emergent ambulance, 2)driver's career, 3)The ability of emergency medical technics, and the knowledge or under standing of ambulance way difficut(or easy) of accdess. 5. Almost 96.6% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers. 6. Almost 94.6% of respondents have consented to necessity of emergtency medical technicians for ambulance driving. 7. It have suggested that the proportion of traffic accident proportion by desitable attitude group(16.7%) was much less than that of undesirable attitude group(30.8%) on safety ambulance driving(P < 0.05)/Ps) Accidents are unplanned, unforesen incidents which can lead to harmful or unfortunate outcomes, Collisons are not accidents, since the basic cause of the majority of collisons invovles high-risk human behavior. Although there are many factors which contribute to accident causation, four basic factors seem to predominate in most traffic related situations. These four factors include: the human factor, the vehicle factor, the environmental factors and destination factor(Peto G. et al. 1995).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.516-534
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 장애분야 동료상담사들의 성장과 발전 과정을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 장애인 동료상담사와 장애인부모 동료상담사 19명의 현장경험을 근거이론 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과로는 첫째, 장애분야 동료상담사들은 '갑작스러운 장애 발생으로 고군분투함', '장애를 수용하며 새 삶을 꾸려나감', '장애에 대한 생각을 고침', '우연히 동료상담사 양성교육에 참여함'의 인과적 조건에 따라 '동료상담사 역할 수행'과 '역할 수행의 원동력'의 중심현상을 경험하였고, 이 현상은 '상담교육을 통한 변화 경험'과 '동료상담의 필요성 인식'의 맥락적 조건에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 '상담이 어렵게 느껴짐', '역량부족에 따른 자의식', '미흡한 동료상담의 현주소'의 중재적 조건에 따라 '내적 역량강화'와 '외적 활동 도모'의 작용/상호작용 전략을 활용하였고, 그 결과는 '동료상담사로서의 변화와 성장', '동료상담직 외 활동 영역 확대', '동료상담의 발전 과제 제시'로 나타났다. 둘째, 이들의 성장과 발전 과정은 '장애를 넘어 상담교육 입문의 단계', '변화를 거친 성장의 단계', '역량강화를 통한 진로 모색의 단계', '역할 도전이 이룬 입신의 단계'의 4단계로 확인되었다. 셋째, 이러한 과정의 핵심 범주는 '동료상담사로서의 성장과 발전은 역량강화에 근거한다'였다. 이 연구결과는 보수교육 프로그램 개발, 시행기관의 실무 매뉴얼 마련, 인적자원 활용 방안을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2023

도로법에 의거한 도로교통량 상시조사는 매설식 AVC를 통해 12종 차종분류가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 매설식 AVC 장비는 차량과의 마찰, 도로 균열, 소성변형, 도로공사로 인한 센서의 물리적 파손 등으로 인해 장비 가동률이 낮고, 수집 정보의 정확도와 신뢰도 저하 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이로인해 장비보수 등 유지비용 또한 증가하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 비매설식 AVC 장비 도입을 위한 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 차종을 분류하기 위해 복수의 장비 또는 교통량 정보 매칭을 위한 별도의 DB 구축·운영이 필요하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자동차 관리법에 근거하여 운영 중인 자동차관리정보시스템(VMIS)의 차량 제원 정보와 번호판 자동인식 기술(ANPR)을 활용한 12종 차종분류 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 기존 도로교통량 조사체계를 개선하고 자동차 제원 정보를 활용하여 친환경 차량 분류 등 도로교통량 통계 고도화, 다변화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2024

Background: Dental fear and anxiety are significant challenges in managing behavior in children. Oral administration of sucrose or sweet-tasting solutions has shown effectiveness in reducing procedural pain in infants and neonates. This study aimed to investigate whether pre-application of sucrose solution had an effect on minimizing pain perception during injection and to assess the potential impact of the child's age and sweet preference. Methods: A randomized control clinical trial was conducted on 60 children aged 3-9 years requiring buccal infiltration injections. Following parental consent, demographic data of the children were recorded. Sweet preferences was assessed using a modified forced-choice test. Children were equally and randomly allocated into study (sucrose) and control groups using a lottery method. Sucrose solution or distilled water, respectively, was applied to the lateral surface of the tongue for 2 min. Topical anesthetic was applied at the site of injection, followed by local anesthesia administration. The children rinsed their mouths thrice with water immediately after anesthetic injection. A video was recorded during injection which was then scored by three blinded examiners on the Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale. The children also self-evaluated using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS). Results: The mean SEM scores and WBFPS scores were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. The mean SEM score in the study group was 1.37 ± 0.61, compared to 3.17 ± 0.87 in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Mean pain scores assessed by WBFPS in the study group were 0.60 ± 1.4, while in the control group, they were 6.27 ± 2.33, also showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Children with a sweet preference demonstrated a subjective reduction in pain perception. Conclusion: Application of sucrose before dental injections in children helps to minimize pain upon injection across all age groups.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2013

목적 : 학교기반 작업치료는 교육전문가와 협업하는 다전문가적 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구는 일반 초등학교에 진학하는 고위험군 아동들을 대상으로 특수교사와 작업치료사가 함께 지역사회 기관에서 협업으로 실시하는 집단교육 시간의 작업수행변화를 분석하고, 감각통합 중재의 의미를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 예비 프로그램으로 입학준비 프로그램을 특수교사와 작업치료사의 부분적인 협업을 통해 실시한 후, 초등학교 적응프로그램은 특수교사와 작업치료사가 전체과정을 협업하여 시행하였다. 연구대상은 6명이었다(7세 5명, 9세 1명). 프로그램 평가는 교육활동 참여에 대해 School AMPS를 실시하였고, 일정하게 구성된 자조활동에 대해 AMPS 수행기술을 관찰하여 중재전략에 활용하였다. 평가를 통한 중재전략과 그에 따라 진행된 변화를 교사와 치료사의 월간 기록을 토대로 질적 분석을 실시하였으며, 부모설문을 통해 감각프로파일을 조사하였다. 결과 : 사전 프로그램에 참가한 아동 5명 중 4명이 감각통합적인 어려움으로 수행에 영향을 받는다고 평가되었고, 이 결과가 본 프로그램 구성에 기반이 되었다. 본 프로그램 구성은 참가 아동이 속한 학년의 교실에서 수업과제(school task)와 집단 활동, 기본 자조활동으로 이루어졌고, 수업과제활동평가 School AMPS는 통계적으로는 유의미하지 않으나 평균 운동기술은 0.14 로짓(logit), 평균처리기술은 0.07 로짓이 향상되었다. 협업적 중재로는 감각 통합이 주된 회복적 중재로 사용되었고, 과제수행을 통해 직접 어려움이 있는 기술을 향상하는 습득적 중재, 교사의 대응전략이나 도구 및 환경 조정을 시행하는 보상/적응적 중재가 적용되었다. 기본적 자조활동들은 도움이 필요한 수준에서 자립적인 수준으로 향상되어서 반복적인 자조활동의 경험과 중재가 효과적이었다. 그러나 개선된 수행기술들 이외에 새롭게 도전이 되는 수행기술이 발생하였고, 이런 문제들은 감정과 행동문제와 더불어 감각통합의 어려움 뿐 아니라 집단에서 일어나는 역동적 이유 때문으로 평가되었다. 결론 : 초기에는 감각통합 프로그램을 통하여 학생들의 참여가 향상될 수 있었다. 그러나, 집단 활동을 통해서 드러나는 초등학생들의 감정조절 문제, 역할 변화에 따른 수행변화, 또래에 대한 반응문제가 드러남에 따라 감각통합적인 중재에서 더 복합적인 개인-환경-과제에 대한 중재가 필요하였다. 특수교사와 작업치료사의 협업은 상호보완적이며 필요한 수행기술을 향상하는 데 시너지 효과가 있었다. 이 과정에서 School AMPS는 측정 가능한 결과를 일부 제시하는 데 유용하며, 향후에는 질적 분석을 보다 객관화 할 수 있는 방법들이 요구된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.40-68
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• 2001

In this study, grade of subjective symptom appealed by laborer of Jeollabuk-do was evaluated using questionary regarding factor made effect on musculoskeletal disease and in addition, studied relationship with health promotion life style of them. Based on the result, relationship of general characteristics of musculoskeletal subjective symptom and life-style of the subjects was concluded as below. 1. General characteristics of study subjects were as following. Ratio of male was higher as 57.7% of male and 42.2% female and age distribution was 5.1% of 20s, 34.99% of 30s, 36.3% of 40s and 23.7% of 50s and therefore, $30{\sim}40$ aged groups showed highest ratio. Most subjects (74.9%) was married status and in case of education level, high-school graduate and dropout (23.3%) and over-college graduate (46.8%) showed highest distribution. $1{\sim}2$ Mil. KRW (29.5%) and $2{\sim}2.99$ Mil. KRW (21.2%) is the main income distribution and however there was high ratio of non-reply (29.0%). In case of employment period, $10{\sim}14$ years (15.3%) and over 15 years (29.6%) showed highest ratio and there were many non-reply (39.4%) and in addition, 67.6% replied as own house and 14.3% as lease on deposit base in question of residence type. 2. Subjects showed high ratio of subjective symptom appeal of 62.79% and many cases (50.23%) appealed 1 or 2 symptoms. Symptom by body region was 29.8% (waist), 27% (shoulder), 21.2% (knee), 15.5% (neck), 9.5% (ankle), 8.1% (wrist) and 5.0% (elbow) in order. In case of relationship with general characteristics, female comparing with male, non-residence of own house, subjects with lower education level and employment period of $10{\sim}14$ years showed higher appeal rate and kind of symptoms than others. Therefore, it was concluded that rate of musculoskeletal symptom appeal have close relationship with gender, level of living, education level, age and employment period. 3. In case of severe pain of upper body except waist and ankle, it was appealed in both or right side and it means that upper body pain is originated from right side and right region pain is transited to both region pain. In addition, there was 39.41% of non-reply to existence of right-left region pain and therefore, it was evaluated that, in may cases, there was no awareness of their own symptom condition even on subjective symptom. 4. Degree of pain was, as pain over middle level, evaluated as 2.79 on full mark of 4.0 and in order of waist (2.97), ankle (2.83), knee (2.82), wrist (2.82), neck (2.79), shoulder (2.70) and elbow (2.62). In addition, 71.97% appealed $2{\sim}3$ cases for the latest 1 week. Owing to subjective symptom, 54.95% drop into hospital or pharmacy, 10.32% made temporary retirement or absence, 7.99% transferred into more comfortable duty and $39.4{\sim}54%$ experienced one or more managing mentioned above. 5. Fulfillment of health promotion life style of subjects was evaluated on full mark of 4.0 and total score was 2.63. Average mark of each area was personal relationship (3.05), self-realization (2.92), stress management (2.63), health control (2.48), physical exercise (2.19) and nutrition management (2.19) and personal relationship was highest and physical exercise and nutrition management were lowest. As general characteristics influencing health promotion life style, gender, residence style and employment period showed significant difference. Male showed higher mark than female and showed higher mark in order of own house, others, lease on deposit base, monthly rent. Subjects with longer employment period showed higher mark with significant difference. 6. Accounting of factor influencing each area of health promotion life style, self-realization showed significance in marriage status, income, residence style and education level and health control in age, residence style and employment period. Physical exercise showed significant difference in gender, age, residence style and employment period and nutrition in gender, age, residence style and employment period. Stress management showed significant difference in residence style and employment period and however not in personal relationship. 7. Health promotion life style relating with existence and kind of pain showed significant difference in all area except personal relationship area. In absence of pain, there was statistically significant high score in all area even in total health promotion life style and all area. Accounting of kind of pain, cases of $1{\sim}2$ kinds of pain and $5{\sim}6$ kinds of pain showed relatively high score and it was lower than mark of subject stated absence of pain. 8. Subjects appeal symptom were classified by symptom region and difference of total and each areas were evaluated. General area (p=0.002), self-realization (p=0.012), health management (p=0.023), physical exercise (p=0.028), nutrition management (p=0.028) and stress control (p=0.001) showed statistically significant difference and not in personal relationship area. Especially, elbow, shoulder and neck area marked high and group appealed pain of knee, arm and elbow, foot and ankle marked low. Based on those results, subjective symptom should be accounted seriously in diagnosis of occupational musculoskeletal disease of laborer and among subjective symptom, general characteristics of gender, age, condition of living, education level and employment period make effect. Generally subject appeal symptom marked lower than subject without symptom appeal and it means that life management of subject appealing musculoskeletal pain make important role in management and treatment of occupational musculoskeletal disease.