• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-97
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• 2004

Objectives: To examine whether the socioeconomic characteristics of communities (contextual effects) are related to the self-rated health of community residents after controlling individual characteristics (compositional effects). Methods: A linked data set including information on individuals from raw data of 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey(KNHNS) and information on the regions where the individuals lived from the socioeconomic statistical indices of Si-Gun-Gu (city-county-ward) in 1998 was established. The contextual factors of communities were generated from these socioeconomic indices through factor analysis. The contextual effects of community over and above the individual characteristics on the self-rated health were investigated using multilevel analysis. Results: The contextual factors of the community expressed as the factor scores have influence on the self-rated health of their residents above the compositional factors. When the communities were categorized into 5 groups (highest, high, middle, low, lowest) according to each of their factor scores, for factor 1 reflecting urbanization reversely, the residents of the communities that had the high, middle, and low factor scores showed significantly poor subjective health status than the residents of the lowest (most urbanized) group. For factor 2 reflecting community services and health resources, the subjective health status of the residents gradually became poorer when the group went from the highest to the lowest, and the low and lowest groups showed a significant difference. For factor 3 reflecting the manufacturing industry, as compared with the communities that have the highest factor scores, the other 4 groups showed significantly poorer subjective health status. And for factor 4 reflecting the scale of the regional government, as compared with the middle group, the rest of the 4 groups showed significantly better self-rated health. Conclusions: There existed regional contextual effects on their residents' health in Korean adults. To make policies tackling these contextual effects possible, more elaborate researches to find more specific factors and to explain the mechanisms of how health is influenced by the contextual factors are needed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2022

This study aims to 1) verify the validity of the Science self-efficacy scale and 2) perform a latent mean analysis of the background variables about a pre-service teacher. The study uses pre-tests to analyze data from 187 pre-service teachers, which uses Tark's Science self-efficacy scale (2011). To identify the factor structure, exploratory factor analysis was performed. Based on the results of the pilot test, the expert group council revised the scale for the pre-service teachers to respond to the 3-factor structure. In the main test, 354 data were analyzed through a modified Science self-efficacy scale, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The results of the study are as follows: First, in the pilot test, the pre-service teacher responded to a 3-factor instrument, but the validity of two items was examined further below. Second, the pre-service teachers responded to a 3-factor instrument on 29 items for the modified Science self-efficacy scale. The total reliability of the instrument was .886 and the reliability of each factor was analyzed as .882-.886. Finally, the latent mean analysis by gender showed that females have a higher self-regulation efficacy factor and males have a higher self-confidence factor (Cohen's d > .3). Furthermore, there is a significant difference in task difficulty preference and self-regulatory efficacy factor (Cohen's d > .8) between the college preparatory and science subject preference. This study provides important insights into and contributions to the accurate scientific self-efficacy diagnosis of pre-service teachers, as well as proposes a curriculum to improve the scientific self-efficacy of prospective teachers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.385-395
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• 2012

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer (SESSM-B). Methods: The SESSM-B was developed and validated as follows: Item generation, pilot study, and tests of validity and reliability. Twenty-one items were developed through evaluation by 10 experts and 13 items were finally confirmed through item analysis and factor analysis. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 303 women with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. Results: Five factors evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 69.8% of the total variance. The first factor 'coping with psycho-informational demand' explained 17.2%, 2nd factor 'maintenance of healthy lifestyle' 14.5%. 3rd factor 'management of side-effects' 13.3%, 4th factor 'therapeutic compliance' 12.8%, and 5th factor 'sexual life' 11.9%. SESSM-B also demonstrated a concurrent validity with health-related quality of life scale, EORTC QLQ-C30 & BR23. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, was .78, and reliability of the subscales ranged from .61 to .79. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the SESSM-B is an easy, reliable, and valid instrument to measure self-efficacy for self-management of breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy and health promoting behavior, and to determine the predictors of health promoting behavior in post-mastectomy patients. The study, a descriptive correlational study, was done with structural questionnaires. A total of 51 post-mastectomy subjects from C university hospital in Kwang-ju, South Korea completed mail-in self-reporting questionnaires during a three month period from March to June, 1999. The data were collected using Lawstone's(1982) perceived health status scale, Rosenberg's(1965) self-esteem scale, the modified self-efficacy scale(Shere et al, 1982), and the modified health promoting lifestyle profile (Walker et al, 1987). The data obtained were analyzed according to percentage, mean and standard deviation, principal component analysis, varimax rotation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The health promoting behavior measurement resulted in six factors. Each factor was labelled as follows: self-actualization, nutrition, stress management, exercise, health responsibility and interpersonal support. The total percent of variance explained by the six factors was 58.4%. 2. The mean score of health promoting behavior was 85.92(range 58~117). The scores of six factor were nutrition 3.20, self-actualization 2.59, stress management 2.58, interpersonal support 2.58, health responsibility 2.49, and exercise 2.34 on a four point scale. 3. When the score of health promoting behavior factors were compared by general characteristics. Factor I: self-actualization, differed significantly by the frequency of pregnancy (F=3.06, p=.037). Factor II: nutrition differed significantly by drinking experience(t=-2.26, p=.028) and the pre- or post stage of menopause(F=2.69, p=078). FactorIII: stress management differed significantly depending on regularity of mensturation(t=-2.12, p= .042). FactorIV: exercise differed significantly by type of religion (F=2.49, p=.072), marital status(F=5.03, p=.010), and feeding type (F=2.64, p=.036). Factor V: health responsibility differed significantly by regularity of mensturation(t=2.18, p=.037). 4. The total health promoting behavior score was significantly related to self-esteem and perceived health status(r=.610, p.006; r= .378, p=.006). The score of selfactualization also corresponded with selfesteem and perceived health status(r=.556, p=.001; r=.343, p=.013). 5. The predictor to explain the score of health promoting behavior was self-esteem, which accounted for 37.1% of the total variance. The predictor to explain the score of self-actualization was self-esteem, which accounted for 30.9% of the total variance. The score of nutrition was primarily affected by both premenopause and drinking experience, which accounted for 13.1% and 9.5% respectively. Finally, the score of exercise was dictated by marriage, Buddhism, no experience of breast feeding, which accounted for 17%, 9.8%, & 5.2% respectively. In conclusion, self-esteem is the main predictor for health promoting behavior in post-mastectomy women. These findings suggest a need for nursing strategies which promote self-esteem in such patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.160-169
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• 2016

Self-Compassion(SCS) Scale is developed by Neff(2003a) and translated by Kim, Lee, Cho, Chae, Lee(2008). But, there is the limitation with validation SCS and Korean version Self-Compassion(K-SCS) performed in college students and the incoherence for the results of the scale's factor analysis in other countries. Therefore, this study examined the validity of factor structure in SCS based on data in 435 adult aged from 18 to 79. For this, we conducted exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA), and we examined the each adequacy of two-factor, tree-factor and six-factor model. The result of EFA supported six-factor and the result of CFA was the six factor model best as well.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-efficacy and appearance interest on appearance management and clothing purchase behavior of new silver generation. The research method was a survey method using a questionnaire. The subjects were 300 new silver woman(aged from 50 to 64) living in the large city. Statistical analysis methods were factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. The self-efficacy factor divided into three categories including self-control efficacy, social self-efficacy and physical self-efficacy. And appearance interests were divided into four categories including weight control interest, outfit management interest, interest in clothing and disinterest in appearance. Self-efficacy had significant effect on various appearance interests. Especially physical self-efficacy was the important factor which could describe the appearance interests more effectively. Self-efficacy and appearance interests had significant effect on appearance management and clothing purchase behavior. Social self-efficacy could describe more appearance management behavior, while on the other side self-control efficacy could describe the clothing purchase behavior more effectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.831-842
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for activities of dally living (ADL). The Task Self-Efficacy Scale was developed by Roberts(1996) for low-intensity exercise study with older people to predict their performance of ADL. The scale was translated and back translated by bilingual persons, and then was modified to resolve variations in the translations. The Korean version of Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was then administered to 193 elderly people including 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. Face to face interview was used to fill out the structured questionnaire, and each interview took approximately 30 minutes. The subjects for the study were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) of whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or quite active Most subjects(80.2%) had an education level of elementary school or less. The Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL is measured on a 0 to 10 VAS, assessing three areas of ADL : self care activities, household tasks, and motor tasks. The higher the score is, the higher person's confidence in performing ADL. Psychometric testing revealed that the scale was found to be internally consistent, showing a Cronbach's alpha of .97 The scale was significantly correlated with subjects' level of activity and subjective assessment of their health status. Moderate correlation with health-related hardiness scale also supported the validity. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents the three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. The results of the factor analysis led to a three factor solution according to Kaiser's criterion, but the items were not strongly and cleanly loaded for the third factor. This can be explained in that, among the three sub-ADL areas of the self-efficacy scale, the areas of self care activities and household tasks seem to have similar levels of difficulty in performance with not enough differences for the self-efficacy scale to distinguish between the two areas. Therefore, one factor solution was suggested since ADL can be seen as a unit of activities at similar level of difficulty in performance. One factor solution explained 68.1% of variance of the 19-item scale and all items were correlated over .6 with the factor, showing that the selected factor solution fits the model. The results indicated that the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was reliable and valid in producing useful information to evaluate the effects of various interventions toward promoting health and quality of life for elderly people.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.831-842
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations among empathy, humor sense parenting self-efficacy and psychological control in Korean parents with a child. For research, 203 parents with a child under the age of 5 attending kindergarten in Seoul participated in this study. As a result of the study, parenting self-efficacy was the lowest and psychological control was the highest. In adittion, among 'empathy', 'humor sense' and 'autonomy support', 'guilt inducement' on sub factor of psychological control showed a significant correlations. In addition, 'cognitive empathy' on sub factor of empathy was significantly correlated with 'autonomy control' on sub factor of psychological control, and 'preference for humor' on sub factor of humor was significantly correlated with 'identical parenting' on sub factor of psychological control. Among parenting self-efficacy and 'autonomy support', 'guilt inducement', 'autonomy control' on sub factor of psychological control showed a significant negative-correlation. 'Difficulty in parental roles' on sub factor of parenting self-efficacy was negatively correlated with other factors except 'identical parenting' on sub factor of psychological control.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-148
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of family strengths perceived by children and self-esteem on friendship quality. The subjects of this study were 747 students in the 5th and 6th grade who are from 10 elementary schools in Incheon and Gyeonggi Province. The results are as follows: First, positive factor of the friendship quality had significant difference depending upon gender of child. That is, female have higher friendship quality than male. Also, general self-esteem, social-peer self-esteem and positive factor of friendship quality had significant difference depending upon father's educational level. Second, gender of child, self-esteem, family strengths what kind of effect should have gone mad to friendship quality, it examined. The variable of social-peer self-esteem is the most influence positive factor in friendship. The variable of school academic self-esteem is the most influence conflict in friendship. Most important factors that affected competition in friendship were family values. And most important factors that affected satisfaction in friendship were general self-esteem. In conclusion, variables effecting friendship quality include gender of child, self-esteem and family strengths. Therefore, family strengths and self-esteem are very important in order to improve the positive friendship quality of children.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.366-374
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument (NSCI) geriatric hospital nurses in Korea. Methods: Bilingual nursing professionals performed translation and back-translation. Reliability and validity of the content and construction of the instrument were confirmed. Internal consistency reliability was determined. Construction and concurrent validity were verified using factor analysis and correlation coefficients. Results: The total 14 items for the Korean version of the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument (NSCI) were retained through item analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, four subcategories were proposed with their names of each factor: 'Leadership', 'Staff relation', 'Knowledge', and 'Care'. The four factors accounted for 78.81% of the variances. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ regarding internal consistency were .77~.91 for the NSCI subscales. Correlation among four subcategories ranged .62~.84. Conclusion: The findings show that the Korean version of the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument is reliable and valid for measuring professional Self-Concept of geriatric hospital nurses in Korea.