• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

Recently water demand is increasing as the industry prospers. The increase of water demand is followed by the increase of wastewater discharge which pollutes rivers and ground water extensively. These rivers, reservoirs and ground water are sources for drinking water and their contamination affects the quality of water supply and other potable water. In Korea there are 776 water treatment plants which supply drinking water from main rivers or reservoirs. Rivers are the biggest water source for drinking water is being contaminated, the innovation of treatment process is needed. The construction and operation of water supply facilities is under the control of the Ministry of Construction and the water supply offices of cities and provinces. However, drinking water quality is under the control of the bureau of sanitation in the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. There are 33 items in drinking water quality standards of Korea. Trihalomethanes, Selenium, Diazinone and other three of pesticides have been included lately, The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is planning to enhance. the level of $VOC_S$(Vola-tile Organic Compounds) standard. Drinking water quality standard is the goal to protect the quality of supply water and ground water. In order to protect the source water from domestic or industrial water, technological improvement and adequate investment should be urgently made. The ultimate goal of drinking water quality is safety and health of consumers. The more stringent the standard are, the better the water quality will be. As the drinking water quality standards become more stringent this year, various and positive solutions by the authorities concerned must be prepared.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.116-135
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• 2004

본 연구는 비육후기 거세한우 20두를 공시하여 셀레늄강화 한우고기 생산을 위한 기초연구로서 셀레늄강화버섯 폐배지의 반추동물에 대한 셈레늄사료원으로서의 가치를 평가하기위해 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9ppm의 셀레늄이 함유되도록 셀레늄강화버섯 폐배지와 일반버섯 폐배지를 이용하여 배합하였고, 각 처리구당 5두씩 배치하여 90일간 사육하였다. 전 실험기간동안 사료 중 셀레늄농도는 건물섭취량에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그리고 증가하는 수준의 셀레늄 섭취는 증체량에도 영향을 미치지 않았다. 폐배지 배합으로 인한 사료 내 증가하는 수준의 셈레늄농도는 혈중 셀레늄농도를 유의하게 직선적으로 증가시켰고(p<0.01), 사양 시험 8주째에 혈중 셀레늄농도가 일정수준으로 유지되었다(p<0.001). GSH-Px활성은 혈액 내 셈레늄농도와 유사한 경향을 나타내었고, 폐배지 내 셀레늄은 한우의 GSH-Px활성을 유의하게 증가시켰으며(p<0.001), 특히 셈레늄 의존형 GSH-Px활성에 대하여 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 후지 내 셈레늄함량은 폐배지 기인 셀레늄섭취증가로 대조구(0.273㎍/건조 g)에 비해 처리구(0.368 ~ 0.457㎍/건조 g)에서 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.01), 사료 중 셀레늄농도 0.9ppm에서 가장 높았다. 근육 내 셈레늄 증가율은 등심보다 후지에서 확실한 효과가 나타났고, 후지에서의 최대 증가율은 약 70%에 이르렀다. 셀레늄 축적율은 버섯 폐배지의 셀레늄으로 인하여 최대 약 30%까지 축적되는 것으로 평가되었다. 사료 중 셀레늄농도는 혈중 GSH-Px활성 및 근육조직 내 셀레늄 함량과 유의한 상관관계를 가졌다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과로부터, 셀레늄강화버섯 폐배지에 존재하는 셀레늄은 한우에서 혈증 셈레늄 및 혈장 내 GSH-Px활성을 증가시켜 생물학적 이용률이 높은 것으로 평가되었고, 근육 내 셀레늄함량을 증가시켜 셀레늄 강화 한우고기생산을 위한 셀레늄 사료원으로 충분한 가치가 입증되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1976

Perilla (frutescens) seed oil, which is widely used as a source of vegetable oil in Korea, contains a strikingly large amount (58.4% of total fatty acids) of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (18 : 3) which is one of the essential fatty acids. Our hypothesis was that vitamin E contained in this oil would not be enough to prevent peroxidation of this polyunsaturated oil. A comparative study was carried out using rats and chicks devided into seven groups with various diet combinations emphasizing fat sources for the period of four weeks. The level of fat in each diet was 15% and animals were fed ad libitum. Various diet combinations were as follows; perilla seed oil and sesame seed oil with and without vitamin E supplementation, tallow as a saturated fat source and perilla seed hull group (10% at the expense of carbohydrate). The fat constituents of control group were consisted of 50% vegetable oil and 50% animal fat. A few important findings are as follows: 1. Rats fed perilla seed oil lost their hair focally around the neck and suffered from a bad skin lesion at the same place. In chicks, yellow pigmentation both of feather and of skin was clearly observed only in groups fed perilla seed oil with or without vitamin E supplementation. The basis of biochemical mechanisms of this phenomena remains as an important research interest. 2. The mean value for hematocrit was significantly lower for the chicks fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet. This result seems to be attributable to the effect on the red cell membrane known as peroxidation-hemolysis of vitamin E deficiency. 3. The serum cholesterol level was higher for the rats fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet, whereas in chicks the group fed perilla seed oil showed lower value than the control group indicating that different animal species could vary in their responses to the same diet. 4. In pathological examinations, the sign of hepatic fibrosis was seen in the perilla seed hull group and it was noticeable that the level of hepatic RNA was significantly increased in the rat recovering from vitamin E deficiency. It is hoped that more detailed studies on perilla seed oil and hulls will soon be carried out in many aspects especially i) at various levels of fat in the diet, ii) in relation to dietary selenium level and iii) to find an optimum level of dietary essential fatty acids in terms of P/S ratio using various animal species. In the mean time, the public should be informed to preserve this particular oil with care to minimize fatty acid oxidation and should be discouraged from overconsuming this oil. This study was supported by UB (United Board) Research Grant (Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2003

During the first half of twentieth century, even though the importance of non-calorie essential micronutrients of 13 vitamins and 17 minerals has been known to alleviate nutritional disorder; the primary objective of agriculture and plant breeding programs has been to increase the productivity and seed yields, and macronutrients of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates made up the bulk of foodstuff which were used primarily as an energy source. In the last decade it has been found that non-essential micronutrients encompass a vast group of phytochemicals including antioxidants that are not strictly required in the diet but when present at sufficient levels work as health-promoting chemicals. Nowadays agricultural crops are grown for health rather than for food or fiber, and modifying the nutritional compositions of plant foods has become an urgent health issue. To ensure an adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals, and to increase the consumption of health-promoting phytochemicals, the researches on plant secondary metabolism have been made. The attempt to improve nutritional quality of crops has been blocked by a lack of basic knowledge of plant metabolism. The advent of genomics era enabled new approaches to make crossing regardless of species, family, or phylum barriers, and the accumulation in our basic knowledge on plant secondary metabolism during the coming decade would be tremendous. As the major staple crops contain insufficient amount of many micronutrients, fortification strategy will be a necessary practice. Elevated intake of specific vitamins, C, E, and $\beta$-carotene, mineral selenium, antioxidants, and phytochemicals significantly reduces the risk of chronic disease such as cancer, cardiovascular disorder, diabetis, and other degenerative disease associated with aging. As the attempt to improve the nutritional quality of crops requires the basic knowledges on plant metabolism, plant biochemistry, human physiology, and food chemistry, strong interdisplinary collaboration among plant biotechnologists, human nutritionists, and food scientists will be needed. Inhibition of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other degenerative disorder may be the biggest goal facing nutritional plant breeders. But the assumption that simply increasing dietary level of any compound will necessarily improve human health is a dangerous idea because many plant secondary products and dietary contaminants have paradoxical (hermetic) effects. Before biotechnical manipulation is undertaken to elevate or reduce any individual constituent of crops, the contribution of the micronutrient to human health must first be investigated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of egg consumption and suggest proper guidelines for consumption of eggs by determining the relationship between eggs and cholesterol. Methods: Literature review was conducted on the relationship between nutritional, functional properties of eggs and serum cholesterol, as well as cardiovascular disease. Results: Eggs, which are a good protein food with complete amino acid composition, contain vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin $B1_2$, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, iron, choline, selenium, ${\beta}$-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, etc. However the egg yolk has a high cholesterol content, which is associated with chronic diseases, including heart disease and hypertension. As a result, its intake is subject to regulation. Outbreak of heart disease by yolk intake can show different results depending on the characteristics of the subjects, amount of egg intake, and the implications of other foods eaten. It is difficult to determine whether eggs are beneficial, as they are the main supplying source for other major nutritive elements as well. Several research studies insist that when cholesterol intake increases by 100 mg, the level of serum cholesterol increases by 2.2~4.5 mg/dL and when serum cholesterol increases by 1%, the risk of heart disease increases by 2%. This indicates that a large intake of eggs can increase the risk of heart disease. Although the cholesterol of egg yolk and serum cholesterol are correlated, it is insufficient to conclude that only cholesterol and not other components are related to heart disease. In fact, other components in egg such as various unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids could be related as well. Rather than concluding egg as a 'good' or 'bad' food according to its cholesterol content, it is important to define egg as a part of dietary patterns. Conclusion: Generalizing an indiscriminate and uniform amount of egg intake for all seems inadequate. However, patients with diabetes or heart disease should pay particular attention to the amount of egg intake. As for the norm, eating egg with vegetables as a substitute for other animal products seems beneficial.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.799-810
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• 2004

본 연구는 셀레늄급원으로 셀레늄강화버섯 폐배지(Se-SMC)를 거세한우에 급여하였을 때, 도체특성, 혈중 GSH-Px활성 및 조직내 셀레늄축적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 셀레늄급원은 유기셀레늄강화버섯을 생산한 후 폐기되는 버섯폐배지를 활용하였으며, 일반폐배지(SMC)를 조합하여 실험사료의 셀레늄 농도를 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 ppm(건물기준)의 4처리구로 설정하였다. 실험동물은 비육후기 거세한우 20두(평균체중 613 kg, 20 ${\sim}$ 24개월령)를 공시하여, 처리구간 5두씩 배치하여 실험사료를 12주간 급여하였다. 실험기간 중 채혈하여 혈중 셀레늄농도와 혈장내 GSH-Px활성을 측정하였고, 근육(등심, 후지)과 간내 셀레늄함량과 도체특성을 측정하기위해 시험 후 도축하였다. Se-SMC의 보충으로 증가된 셀레늄수즌은 건물섭취량과 증체량에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 높은 농도의 처리군에서 중독증상은 발견되지 않았다. 도체특성 또한 처리구별 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 혈중 셀레늄농도와 혈장내 GSH-Px활성은 Se-SMC 급여수준이 증가함에 따라 직선적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 근육과 간내 셀레늄함량은 후지 및 간에서 사료중 셀레늄함량이 증가함에 따라 각각 건물 g당 0.27, 0.37, 0.40, 0.46$\mu$g 및 0.79, 1.40, 2.39, 3.10 $\mu$g를 나타내어 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 하지만, 등심내 셀레늄함량은 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상과 같이 Se-SMC에 존재하는 셀레늄은 비육후기 거세한우에서 혈중 셀레늄농도와 GSH-Px활성을 유의하게 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라, 조직내 셀레늄함량을 증가시켜 저렴한 생산비로 셀레늄강화 쇠고기의 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.