• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

Recently, the interest on applying AVM(Around View Monitoring) systems in construction equipments have been increasing due to the demand for better control, work efficiency and safety. Most of the existing AVM systems have been developed focusing on the application in automobiles and only several AVM systems have been developed for construction equipments. However, the original technology of AVM remained the same as in the automobiles that failed to consider the main properties of construction equipments and suggest appropriate range of AVM display (Top-view). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a pilot type of AVM system for construction equipment. Accordingly, literature review, deduction of main consideration factors, selection of sensors, system design, algorithm development of a pilot type of AVM system for construction equipment have been conducted. A laboratory experiment has also been conducted for the deduction of further improvements. As a result, a minimum image refresh rate of 20 fps has been achieved that clearly reflects the actual situation of the equipment and also, the actual motions of Boom, Arm, Bucket have been displayed appropriately on the AVM system based on the angle data collected by sensors. However, the experiment results have also shown that the following tasks still remain for future work: 1)Improvement of AVM image interpolation, 2)Development of calibration module for variety construction equipment.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2019

Various slope protect systems are applied to the slope located around the major facility to maintain stability, and the applied these systems play an important role in protecting the structure by ensuring the safety of the slope. Reinforcement techniques ensure complete safety at the time of application to the slope, but over time, it may become difficult to secure safety. In particular, the deterioration of reinforcement systems may significantly reduce the stability of the slope. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the safety of the slope by defining the necessary items for maintenance of the protect systems and verifying them by the field expert. In this study, a group of experts were formed to determine these items and select their importance among them, and based on their data, the importance of each item was selected by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The selected items are expected to play an important role in the maintenance of reinforcement systems applied to the slope based on the survey items used by experts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2014

The Korean government, as of last year, is attempting to introduce a competitive system in the rail-market. However there are some pertinent issues which need to be addressed in order to select the best possible organization for optimum railway traffic control. As there are no standard guidelines in selecting an agency, objective evaluation factors need to be properly applied to ensure the best possible decision is made. Through literature review and various interviews with experts, appropriate criteria were selected to evaluate the suitability of each potential operator. As generally mentioned, both safety and efficiency play vital roles in the selection process but in addition, there are other factors such as security and fairness, which also need to be considered. The individual weight of these factors were calculated by the AHP, in which three groups of experts were interviewed to acquire their expertise. According to the results, as a potential operator, the score of a railway operating company and the management cooperation of railway is 2.75 and 3.85, respectively. In the future, in preparation towards becoming a competitive rail-market, this research is expected to assist in choosing the best party to control the rail traffic system.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 1981

For the investigation of efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen NPK simple trials were carried out using newly bred Tongil line(japonica indica hybrid selection) and the leading local varieties with sulfur coated area in fields for two years. The yield of Tongil line was higher than that of leading local varieties by 16% in the cool year and 23% is warm year with high solar radiation from NPK simple trials including SCU and 2-split application which were carried in 130 fields at 32 locations. Warm year increased yield by 9% in Tongil but only 3% in the local than the cool year did. Optimum nitrogen level was higher in Tongil by 3.8㎏ in the cool year and 5.5㎏ in warm year than for the local. Yearly variation of optimum nitrogen in the carne variety was greater than varietal variation in the same Year. Two-split application resulted in 1 to 2% of inconsistent yield variation. Sulfur coated urea increased yield by average 2 to 4% even at 20% reduced rate of nitrogen. It was remarkably effective in same $(27{\sim}39%)$, virgin (20%) and unmatured (10%) soils.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.175-184
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• 2006

This study focused on developing Life Cycle Cost(LCC) analysis model for selecting sludge collectors in wastewater treatment system and applying the model to a case study. Cost items are examined through literature review and historical data of a facility. Analysis period, discount rate, energy cost escalation ratio are assumed to reasonable level. Monetary evaluation is performed using historical data and estimations from vendors. Sensitive analysis is executed using Monte Carlo Simulation for assumed factors. Interviews with operators, vendors, constructors, managers are conducted to define factors which indicates ease of maintenance, ease of delivery, technical performance, efficiency, environmental friendship. Factors are representing technical and social factors. Results from LCC analysis and qualitative analysis are evaluate together with Weighted Matrix Evaluation Methods for optimum alternative of sludge collectors.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.6 s.102
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• pp.679-684
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• 2005

There are a few representative wireless network access technologies used widely. WWAN is celluar based telecommunication networks supporting high mobility, WLAN ensures high data rate within hotspot coverage, and WDMB support both data and broadcasting services correspondingly. However, these technologies include some limitations especially on the mobility, data rate, transmission direction, and so on. In order to overvome these limitations, there are various studies have been proposed in terms of 'Vortical Handoff' that offers seamless connectivity by switching active connection to the appropriate interface which installed in the mobile devices. In this paper, we propose the interface selection algorithm and network architecture to maximize the life time of entire system by minimizing the unnecessary energy consumption of another interfaces such as WLAN, WDMB that are taken in the user equipment. In addition, by using the results of analyzing multiple types of traffic and managing user buffer as a metric for vertical handoff, we show that the energy efficiency of our scheme is $75\%$ and $34\%$ than typical WLAN for WDMB and WLAN preferred schemes, correspondingly.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to improve the culturability of 'IR 36', a indica type rice cultivar using DNA marker associated with the ability of plant regeneration in anther and seed culture. The culturability of 6 rice cultivars and 2 indica/japonica lines ('MGRI 036', 'MGRI 079') were investigated in anther and seed culture. The culturability of 3 japonica rice cultivars were much higher than tongil and indica rice cultivars, and 'MGRI 036' and 'MGRI 079' has high culturability with 20% regenerability, also. 34 $BC_2F_4$ 4 lines were selected by marker screening using RZ400 among 90 $BC_2F_4$ lines derived from a cross between 'MGRI 079' and 'IR 36'. The frequency of callus formation of 10 $BC_2F_4$ lines were higher than 'IR 36' in anther culture among selected 34 $BC_2F_4$ lines. The ability of plant regeneration of 10 lines were higher than 'IR 36' in the seed culture among selected 34 $BC_2F_4$ lines. A promising line, $BC_2F_4$-28, was selected to have better culturability in the anther and seed culture among selected 34 $BC_2F_4$ lines. The heading date and grain shape of the $BC_2F_4$-28 was similar to 'IR 36'. Using the RZ400 DNA marker associated with the culturability will be useful method for improving of indica rice culticvar's culturability in rice breeding program.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.225-230
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an effective real-time visual loop closure detector, VILODE, which makes use of key frames and bag of visual words (BoW) based on SURF feature points. In order to determine whether the camera has re-visited one of the previously visited places, a loop closure detector has to compare an incoming new image with all previous images collected at every visited place. As the camera passes through new places or locations, the amount of images to be compared continues growing. For this reason, it is difficult for a visual loop closure detector to meet both real-time constraint and high detection accuracy. To address the problem, the proposed system adopts an effective key frame selection strategy which selects and compares only distinct meaningful ones from continuously incoming images during navigation, and so it can reduce greatly image comparisons for loop detection. Moreover, in order to improve detection accuracy and efficiency, the system represents each key frame image as a bag of visual words, and maintains indexes for them using DBoW database system. The experiments with TUM benchmark datasets demonstrates high performance of the proposed visual loop closure detector.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated cotyledonary-node explants transformation was used to produce transgenic melon. Cotyledonary-node explants of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Super VIP) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains (LBA4404, GV3101, EHA101) containing the binary vector (pPTN289) carrying with CaMV 35S promoter-gus gene as reporter gene and NOS promoter-bar gene conferring resistance to glufosinate (herbicide Basta) as selective agent, and the binary vector (pPTN290) carrying with Ubiquitin promoter-GUS gene and NOS promoter-nptll gene conferring resistance to paromomycin as selective agent, respectively. The maximum transformation efficiency (0.12%) was only obtained from the cotyledonary-node explants co-cultivated with EHA101 strain (pPTN289) on selection medium with 5 mg/L glufosinate and not produced a transgenic melon from the cotyledon or cotyledonary-node co-cultivated with other strains. Finally, five plants transformed showed the resistance in glufosinate antibiotic and the GUS positive response in leaf ($T_0$), flower ($T_0$), seeds ($T_1$) and plantlet ($T_1$). Southern blot analysis revealed that the gus gene integrated into each genome of transgenic melon.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.12
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

The long-term stagnation in the country involving missing it is starting from the late 1990s accumulated on the common vision. The government has, since 2002, cartoon comics industry nurture long-term industrial development of five-year plan, 346.7. During that period of unprecedented material support to the government's sweeping received. Upcoming in 2008 is the second long-term development plan will be effective. The temperature inside and outside the government, however, various tax and go to feel quite differently. The first plan is merely a period of enforced projects listed are only fit for Panathinaikos has endorsed this general trend, yirugo diagnosis. But fundamentally, the exact diagnosis is necessary for the long-term stagnation. Children's Learning Results cartoon wepmanhwawa not thrive households. Comics readers about the consumption pattern is changing. Therefore, long-term plan for the development of cartoon industry only a few government budget plan is not the government write 73 gala, companies and the private sector are coming together to plan and worry that the plan should be a comprehensive and bevels. In addition, through the selection and concentration to increase efficiency. You will probably need to strengthen the capabilities of our private organizations, it is a priority. Furthermore, the government's financial and policy support for the lobbying power also lead to an increase in betting. It features a think tank to study the policy framework for the establishment and promotion assume the ultimate proposal includes a cartoon film cozy confines of the legislation that parallels activities in the various proposals.