• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-264
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the priority of information presentation and the effective menu type to be placed in the center of a gauge cluster display for commercial trucks and to present a set of ergonomic designs for the gauge cluster display. Background: An effective ergonomic design is specifically needed for the development of the gauge cluster display for the commercial trucks, because more diverse and heavier information is delivered to truck drivers, compared to the information to passenger car drivers. Method: First, all the information that must be shown on the commercial truck display was collected. Then, the severity, frequency of use, and display design parameters were evaluated for those information by commercial truck drivers. Next, an analysis on the information attributes and the heuristic evaluation utilizing the display design principles were carried out. According to the results, a design alternative of the main screen to be displayed was constructed by priority. A comparative analysis between the alternative and existing main screens was also conducted to see the efficacy of the designs. Lastly, we conducted an experiment for the selection of menu type. The experiment was conducted using the driving simulator with an eye-tracking device. The independent variables were four types of the menu reflecting the commercial truck characteristics such as grid type, icon type, list type, and flow type. We measured preference, total execution time, the total duration of fixation on the gauge cluster area, and the total number of fixation on the gauge cluster area as dependent variables. Results: Four types of driver convenience information and six types of driver assistance information were selected as the information to be placed primarily on the main screen of the gauge cluster. The Grid type was the most effective among the menu types. Conclusion: In this study, the information that appears on the main screen of the display, the division of the display and the design of the menu type for commercial truck drivers were suggested. Application: This study is expected to be utilized as guidelines on the ergonomic design of a gauge cluster display for commercial trucks.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2008

Korea has been doing a two-port system as a main port development policy and developing the port of Busan and Gwangyang as the transshipment hubs in the northeast Asia. However, the growth rate of the transshipment container volume of the Gwangyang port in 2007 was sharply dropping more than 31.4%. The reasons why reduced the growth rate of transshipment cargo were from the port development in north China and the direct callings of ships. Therefore, it is time to evaluate the transshipment hub port policy of Korea. This study would recognize the decision criteria of shipping companies as customers for the transshipment hub in the northeast Asia by the AHP methodology based on Lirn et al. (2004). It has been known the costs of shipping companies and port location as the main first tier criteria for transshipment ports, and container handling charges, closeness to the main navigation route, carriers' strategy, and nearness to the feeder ports as the important second tier factors. Finally, the domestic terminal operating companies would focus on only a few attributes including the terminal cost factor, but the international shipping companies would be considering more several factors than they do. Therefore, the transshipment port strategy should be enriched in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

This study aims to identify and analyze the main factors that determine the properties and buying behavior in the premium bottled select and analyze the degree of impact on the relevant variables are premium water demand. When applied to the truncated negative binomial model to derive the study results: The results of estimating the variables that affect the demand for premium mineral water are as follows. Premium bottled water demand of this group my purchases with a choice between buying behavior variables are significantly higher than the relative population. To also do a good ingredient water, it appeared to be on a statistically significant positive effect on the demand for the more groups you purchase a premium bottled water for the purpose of receiving special feeling, just buy purpose is called to drinking water does not significantly affect to be analyzed. Among demographic characteristics it showed that demand for premium bottled water purchases are significantly higher in women than in men, professional / clerical job, such as the military, college graduates were more consumer research as significant in comparison to the relative population. Taste and package design factors of premium bottled mineral water among the select attribute factors are having a significant positive impact on the purchasing demand, local conditions and cost factors have been estimated to be insignificant.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.95-109
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to classify the quality factors of coffee shop customers with the service quality based on the SERVQUAL, selection attributes, and service qualities used in previous studies. The path structure of coffee shops' quality factors → customer satisfaction → trust → behavioral intention was analyzed in order to confirm the system of coffee shops' quality factors. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey of was conducted with college students of Kangwon University. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, with 232 collected. Of them, Excluding 36 respondents' because of incomplete answers and missing values, 196 responses were used in the final analysis. Empirical analysis was made through factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, simple regression analysis and mediating regression analysis by using Statistics Package SPSS 19.0. Results - The results are as follows: Firstly, coffee shops' quality factors were classified into seven categories like service encounter quality, product quality, cleanliness, overall interior, purchase quality, convenience, and aesthetics. Secondly, service encounter quality, product quality, purchase quality, and aesthetics had a positive effect on customer satisfaction, respectively. Thirdly, it showed that service encounter quality, product quality, overall interior, purchase quality, and aesthetics had a positive effect on trust, respectively. Fourthly, customer satisfaction had a positive effect on behavioral intention. Lastly, after verifying the effect relations of trust between customer satisfaction about coffee shop and behavioral intention, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on trust and trust has a positive effect on behavioral intention. On the other hand, trust did not have a mediating effect between customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. But, cleanliness, convenience, and overall interior did not have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Conclusions - Coffee shop consumers put importance on price, discount systems, taste, and freshness, but more on courteous and kind services of coffee shop staff or comfortable and calming atmosphere of inner space. Thereby, coffee shop marketers need to take factors like service encounter quality and aesthetics into more consideration. In addition, customer satisfaction has an effect on trust, while trust on behavioral intention, even though trust is not mediated between customer satisfaction and behavior intention.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 1998

There exists a general consensus in Korea that patients tend to concentrate in large hospitals and this tendency is partly responsible for inefficiency in health services. The process of choosing a medical care provider for health care services and evaluating the provider after utilization seems to involve many diverse factors to become very complex. Therefore a systemsatic study is needed to achieve sufficient understanding of the proeess. For this point of view, this study investigates patient's selection of medical care institution for delivery care services and their evaluation of the institution after delivery. In more specific, the objectives of the study are twofold: 1) to identify the factors associated with expectant mothers' choice of type of medical care institution for delivery among tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, small hospitals, and clinics: and 2) to understand the factors affecting patient evaluation of the medical care institution after delivery. The data used for the analysis were collected through face-to-face interviews with those women who had childbirth during the period from January 1, 1996 to the date of interview in February 1998. The survey was conducted using preqared structured questionnaire in Seoul. The sample was drawn from each of arbitrarily defined four regions of Seoul, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest, in proportion to the number of births reported in 1996 in each of them. The distribution of the interviewed women by educational level was made similar to that of mothers of new babies reported in 1996. The sample size was planned to be about 300, but ended up with analytical sample of 319. Major conclusions emerged from the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1) Large hospitals were evaluated as much better for technical quality than other types of institutions, whereas they were compared similar to or worse for other attributes. And it was found that technical quality of care is considered as the most important condition of medical care institution for delivery, while the amount of direct cost is considered as the least important one. Taken together, the utilization of large hospitals is not likely to decrease even though they cannot give satisfaction to patients in other aspects than technical quality. 2) The activeness in the search for information affected the respondents' evaluation of medical care institutions, which would influence their later decision or recommendation to other persons as to the choice of source of health care services. Therefore, increased efforts should be directed to improving availability of useful and correct information for patients in relation to the utilization of health care services. 3) Since the findings of this study were obtained from the analysis of delivery care services, their applicability to other kinds of services may be limited. Thus it would be useful to conduct a comparative study of several kinds of services explicitly taking into account the characteristics of those services in the analysis.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.123-150
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to seek practical intelligences for certain persons who wish to be a guard by studying for what practical public guards' recognition of organization and vocation is. The results of this study were as follows. First, Six study participants presented 'Respect within members', 'Atmosphere like family', 'Premium members', and 'Economic compensation & wealth of budget' as essential requirements for the best guard organization. Second, they also presented 'Systematic daily task & training', 'Exact selection system', and 'Strong cohesion & teamwork' as strong points of their organization. Third, they mentioned 'Internal evaluation system', 'Lack of education contents', and 'Limited position circulation' as weak points of their organization. Fourth, they mentioned that they feel encouraged itself as they work in the best guard organization, while they were skeptical when the citizens did not cooperate with them and they were not fully rewarded for their injury. Fifth, they expressed 'Difficulty of business cooperation', 'Unstable living patterns', 'Inconsistent assessment', and 'Continuing tension' as difficulties for performing the duties and stress causes. Lastly, they recognized of job security and self-esteem as they work in the best guard organization as advantages of a job, while they recognized of controlled life, low salaries and welfare level compared to duty importance and risks as disadvantages of a job. Consequently, students who wish to be a guard should consider job and organization attributes and set their career goals refer to these results.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.101-113
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• 1995

In pipeline planning, the systematic and reasonal management of topographical and spatial data are needed in order to omprove the availibilities for data analysis and the effective combinations of spatial informations. According to that fact, DBMS (Database Management System) and DSS(Decision making Support System) have to be developed for the planning of water supply system Also, the economic selection for harmonious delivery of water to target area, since the alternatives of pre-designed pipeline are influenced by hydraulic stability and geographic characteristics. In this study, GIS technique for water supply planning and management which stores graphic features and attributes as digital data sets is considered and engineering application programs are integrated for effective planning of water supply system. Decision making support system based on analyzing technical, Social and economical aspects is developed for the extension of water supply facilities and pipeline configurations. Especially, Hydraulic, land-use and economic influences are considered as important factors for the purpose of developing the system. Hydraulic analysis program(SAPID) for pipeline flow which is already developed in Water Resources Research Institute and economic analysis program(ECOVEL) are integrated with GIS for resonable decision making. Every possible aspects in pipeline planning for water supply is reviewed and the applicabilities of developed system into the field are evaluated.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 1999

In order to help the marketers of the men\`s casual wear brands establish the marketing strategies to their target consumers, it is the purpose of this study to investigate on the variables affecting the casual wear purchase behavior of men in twenties, thirties and forties, and to clarify the differences of casual wear purchase behavior according to their age, The subjects were 429 men in their twenties, thirties and forties living in Seoul and data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, x², ANOVA and Duncan\`s test. The results were as follows : (1) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the self-image. Men in forties favored the conservative and not-noticeable image of casual wear, however, men in twenties and thirties favored those of the active, sexy, and distinctive image. (2) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the importance of the store attributes such as convenience of transportation and parking place, clothing in vogue, and various merchandise. Men in thirties and forties put more importance on convenience of transportation and parking place. Men in forties put more importance on various merchandise than men in twenties and thirties. (3) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to general purchase behavior of casual wear. * Differences of the use of information according to age Majority of the men consulted the T.V., radio and people in their boundaries * Differences of the clothing purchase frequency according to age Men in twenties buy more clothing than other age groups. Men in twenties buy the clothing every one month and every three months and men in thirties and forties buy the clothing every three months and every six months. * Differences of the shopping day according to age Majority of the men buy the clothing on Saturday and Sunday. However men in twenties buy the clothing more on weekdays than other age groups. * Differences of the shopping place according There were not significant differences among three different age groups and majority of the men found out to utilize the department store. * Differences of the influence of the partners according to age Men in twenties found out to rely on their own decisions but men in thirties and forties found out to depend on their wives(loves). * Differences of the selection standards of casual wear according to age There were not significant differences according to age and adult males found out to select the casual wear by design, quality price in sequence.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.8
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• pp.89-119
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• 2009

Kim, Jun-Geun(Gisan) was a late 19th century Chosen dynasty painter who created numerous genre paintings for West European clients in the newly opened treaty ports of Wonsan, Busan and Inchon. The treaty ports in the late 19th century Chosen represented of the crossroads the economy, values, and the institutions of the West European powers. In particular, the agriculture-based economy, Confucianism, and land-owner noble class started being eroded by a commerce-based economy, the values of Christianity, West European institution, and a new class of people who amassed wealth from commerce. As Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings were created for sale to West European clients, they exhibit characteristics that are distinct from the traditional genre paintings in terms of presentation style and the selection of the subject matters. The export genre painting originated in the 18th century around Guangdong, China. Broadly, there are two styles of genre paintings: the Guangzhou style and Ningbo style. Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings resemble the Ningbo style. The Ningbo style tends to highlight the main subjects, form an album of small paintings, and provide a simple treatment of the scenes without the background. Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings cover most aspects of life of common people of his time, ranging well beyond the subjects matters of the traditional genre paintings. His subject matters include the scenes of funeral, folk games, Buddhist and ancestor worship, prison and punishment, shaman custom, debauchees, government officials' formal trips, beggars and handicapped, etc. Many of the subjects are the neglected and the oppressed of the society. And he presents in detail the dress and its ornament that the subjects wear, and all the utensils and things around them. Besides, his subjects' faces are generally expressionless, and their postures are stiff; as such, the feeling of liveliness or movement is lacking. It may be the results of Kim, Jun-Geun's taking the other perspective, namely of his West European clients, rather than his own. The adoption of the other perspective may in turn be a product of the Social Darwinism and the new sense of values that accompanied the infusion of Christianity and West European institutions. Kim, Jun-Geun's portrayals of his subjects appear to reflect the attributes with which the West European Orientalists' of the period characterized the people of the Far East, namely, backwardness, barbarity, irrationality, violence, and mysticism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2005

Road accidents are considered as the result of a complex interplay between road, vehicle, environments, and human factors. Little study, however, has been carried out on the attributes of human factor compared to the road geometric conditions and traffic conditions. The previous researches focused on mainly both traffic and geometric conditions on specific location. Therefore, it's hard to explain phenomenon of the high traffic accident rates where road and traffic conditions are good. Because of these reasons, accident analysis has contributed on geometric improvement and has not contributed on traffic management such as selection of attention section, driver napping alert, etc. The freeway incident management is also associated with reliable prediction of incident occurrences on freeway sections. This paper presents a method for estimating the effect of trip length on freeway accident rate. A PAR (Potential Accident Ratio), the new concept of accident analysis, considering TLFDs (Trip Length Frequency Distributions) is suggested in this paper. This approach can help to strengthen freeway management and to reduce the likelihood of accidents.