• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.173-189
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to present the classification and operation systems of fashion offline stores. This research analyzed fashion literatures, articles and papers published by fashion-related companies and interviewed fashion practitioners. This research can be used as information for practitioners of the domestic fashion brand and students of fashion majors. The classification and operation systems of fashion offline stores are as follows. 1. The types of fashion offline store is classified as a form of road shop, department store, complex shopping center, select shop, outlet, and fashion wholesale retail specialty store. 2. The road shop is classified flagship store, franchise store, direct sales store, and street brand store. 3. The department store is recently using strategy to improve the profit rate, as setting up the select shop, expand the import contemporary brand stores, the men's brand stores, SPA brand stores, the street brand stores, and the soho internet shopping mall brands instead of reducing the national brands. 4. Most forms of fashion offline stores enhanced the functions to combine the catering, cultural activities and purchasing the lifestyle-related products, as well as fashion items. 5. The types of the operation system in fashion offline stores is classified as direct operations, franchise operations, middle management operations, and fully insert operations. 6. Franchise operations are tended to decline, however middle manager operations are overwhelming.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2016

Purpose - There are numerous theories for retail trade area analysis which are designed to select candidate locations for new stores. In this study, comparative analysis on the characteristics from those of the theories are shown, and the explanation for the power in consumers' store-choice behaviors and their limitations are examined. Also, plans for improving commercial sphere analysis are explored. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is based on literature reviews with normative research methodology. Among many researches regarding the analysis on the location and commercial sphere for launching a new store, researches relying on statistics are excluded in this study since they belong to the marketing research area,. Results - In the Law of retail gravitation, Huff's model multinomial logit model and etc. are mutual complementary mathematical techniques for analyzing commercial spheres and each of them has its own characteristics. These theories rely on the same hypothesis in which consumers are all believed to be behaving rationally under a similar behavioral system. However, the trial in explaining or estimating behavior of choosing a store with only a select size of the population that is objectively estimated by some major properties has limits in its credibility. Conclusion - Research on consumer's spatial behaviors can be fully illustrative and explainable when it has both quantitative approaches such as 'law of retail gravitation', 'logit model' and etc., and qualitative approaches like consumer's 'cognitive structure', 'learning status', 'image formation', 'attitude' and etc.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.400-411
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• 2015

Successful use of displays in stores arouses consumers' curiosity, and induces them to purchase a product after a visit. Facade is a word meaning an external front wall of a building, and is usually the first point of visual contact for the consumers. The present study is an empirical investigation of external appearance of a clothing store, with a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial design of facade, show window, and wall surface material designed for the purpose of the study. Dependent variables were store image variables and attitude toward store. A total of 320 questionnaires from male and female consumers were used for the analysis. Facade type and material had significant main and interaction effects, while show window type had no meaningful effects overall. A facade of irregular design prompted significantly higher levels of perceived 'elegance', 'uniqueness', and 'attractiveness' of the store. Material itself did not have significant influence but did have significant interaction effect with facade design. The interaction effect was found in store attitude as well. In order to create a positive store attitude, a concrete material facade should have an irregular design. Companies owning fashion brands should carefully select facade type and wall surface material in the visual merchandising strategies of a store.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1128-1140
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• 2002

As consumers' alternatives in fashion store selection increase, they select different store types to purchase different product types. Therefore, the probability of patronage mix behavior according to product type increases. Understanding consumers patronage mix behavior, finding out the determinant attributes of fashion stores for each product type are important to retailers and marketers for building a successful merchandising and marketing strategies. Most of the previous researches in store selection and patronage assume consumer behavior as single store patronage, and thus relatively little is known about patronage mix behavior. Also, little attention has been given to product characteristics as an important variable in store patronage behavior. The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of product characteristics in consumers patronage mix behavior. In this study, a theoretical model including product characteristics as an intervening variable between store attributes and patronage behavior was developed. A Questionnaire was developed and data were collected form 464 adult women living in Seoul area in Korea. Factor analysis, paired t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and discriminant analysis were employed to analyze the data. As a result, the suggested model was partially verified. First, the product characteristic was found to have an effect on perceived importance of store attributes and on determinant attributes of stores. Consumers were found to use different evaluative criteria for store attributes when they purchase different product types. Second, the perceived importance of store attributes was determined by consumer characteristics as well as product characteristics. Third, the determinant attributes in store selection were affected not only by the perceived importance of store attributes but also by the type of product to be purchased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.1 s.100
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• pp.56-69
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to identify cosmetics purchasing behavior according the 20-30 year old men's lifestyle. The results were as follows; 1. The factors of men's lifestyle were sense of fashion, participation of social activities, use of web-based information, sense of androgyny, economical efficiency, provision of web-base information, sport activities, and pursuit of change, and they were segmented into a passive stagnant group, a economic web-base information utilizing group, a positive social activity participation group, and a sensitive appearance change pursuit group. 2. Passive stagnant group used less information sources patronized cosmetics specialty store, did not select their cosmetics by themselves, and spent less for their cosmetics. Economic web-base information utilizing group used information sources positively, patronized cosmetics discount store or internet shopping, and spent less for cosmetics. Positive social activity participation group patronized cosmetics specialty store or discount store, but did not select cosmetics by themselves. Sensitive appearance change pursuit group patronized department store or internet shopping for cosmetics, selected cosmetics by themselves, and spent more. 3. Passive stagnant group showed a tendency of older, less educated, and lower incomes, but economic web-base information utilizing group were among the age of 20's, lower educated, and the unmarried with average incomes. Positive social activity participation group showed a tendency of older, highly educated, and the married with jobs, but sensitive appearance change pursuit group were among the age of 20's and university students with more incomes and pocket money.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.312-319
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• 2002

A recommendation system tracks past action of a group of users to make a recommendation to individual members of the group. The computer-mediated marking and commerce have grown rapidly nowadays so the concerns about various recommendation procedure are increasing. We introduce a recommendation methodology by which Korean department store suggests products and services to their customers. The suggested methodology is based on decision tree, product taxonomy, and association rule mining. Decision tree is to select target customers, who have high purchase possibility of recommended products. Product taxonomy and association rule mining are used to select proper products. The validity of our recommendation methodology is discussed with the analysis of a real Korean department store.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

This study empirically analyzed the relationship between the franchise pc game rooms selection behavior and revisit, recommendations. Select Properties from the franchise pc game rooms store is ease of access, computer specifications, pleasant environment, brand power and pricing strategy. Korean franchise industry is in spite of the short history of just over 30 years growing very fast. Especially pc game rooms store is 14,782 in 2012 years, pc game rooms store is operated by franchise form 10.6%, 87.9% operated by private, co-operation was confirmed at 1.5%. Conclusions are as follows. First, factors that significantly affect the degree of revisit has been identified as computer specifications, pleasant environment, brand power. Second, the recommendation is an important factor of the computer specifications, brand power, pricing strategy. Finally, franchise pc game rooms successful strategy has excellent computer's specifications, it needs a promotion strategy to attract pc game tournaments to be notified of brand power. We can also see that running is an important factor in a pleasant environment and a flexible pricing strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1210-1221
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• 2006

The strength of the PB(Private Brand) is that it can eliminate intermediary in the distribution channel and thoroughly control the quality under its own name. This study has developed traditional studies on private brand proneness in approaching data processing and empirical point of view of a consumer's attitude buildup process on PB through 'recognition-attitude-action(behavioral attitude)'. The subjects of this study are consumers in their $20s{\sim}40s$ who are main customer groups of PBs. A screening process has taken place to select consumers with purchasing experiences of retailor PBs. The data is analyzed by 'Structural Equation Modeling' of Amos 5.0 to verify consumer attitude formation model on private apparel brand. The results generated from this study are as follows: First, the proposed consumer attitude model on private apparel brand consists of store evaluation, experiential product evaluation, cognitive product evaluation, hedonic attitude, utilitarian attitude and purchase intention. Second, not only positively influence on utilitarian attitude but hedonic attitude can arouse positive emotional reaction of a consumer. Third, the store evaluation is ahead of the product evaluation because PB is more related to the image of a store. The influence of the store on PB is relatively stronger when compared with NB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.210-216
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• 1998

The most important thing to consider in cold store design are to save cooling energy consumption and to keep goods freshly. Specially there are many efforts to save energy with cold store in Korea. A building energy simulation program should be used to optimally select a cooling system to match the criteria of cooling rate and storage rate in a given cool crop storage building and HVAC system. The low maintenance costs, high degree of safety and environmental impacts are also favouring the underground solution. There are obviously a lot of possibility for cost-effective storage of cooled or frozen goods or liquids in ground water rock.