• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2003

다수의 지점 위에 놓인 교량의 경우, 지진으로 인한 지반운동은 교량길이에 따른 거리에 걸쳐 지점마다 현저하게 다를 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 공간적 특성을 고려하기 위하여 지점마다 다른 진폭과 위상 그리고 주파수 성분을 갖도록 지반운동 시간이력곡선을 생성하였고, Monte Carlo 해석기법을 사용하여 생성된 지반운동 하에서 교량의 비선형 동적거동을 고찰하였으며 두개의 실제 교량에 대한 취약도 해석을 수행하였다. 공간적 특성이 지진반응에 미치는 영향을 고려하여 교량교각의 연성도에 대한 취약도 곡선을 개발하였고, 동일지진 하에서의 취약도 곡선과 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구는 동일 지반운동을 사용하여 교량해석을 수행하는 경우 교각의 요구 연성계수가 상이 지반운동을 사용하는 경우보다 저평가 될 수 있다는 것을 입증하였다. 지진취약도 곡선은 지반운동의 강도를 표시하는 PGA, PGV, SA, SV와 SI의 함수로 나타내어졌다. 본 연구는 최초로 공간적 특성을 반영한 지반운동 하에서의 지진취약도 곡선을 개발하였으며, 다경간 교량의 내진설계시 시방서에 그 영향을 고려하기 위한 설계지침의 근거를 제공할 것이다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.215-227
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• 2018

Supplemental passive control devices are widely considered as an important tool to mitigate the dynamic response of a building under seismic excitation. Nevertheless, a systematic method for strategically placing dampers in the buildings is not prescribed in building codes and guidelines. Many deterministic and stochastic methods have been proposed by previous researchers to investigate the optimum distribution of the viscous dampers in the steel frames. However, the seismic performances of the retrofitted buildings that are under large earthquake intensity levels or near collapse state have not been evaluated by any seismic research. Recent years, an increasing number of studies utilize genetic algorithms (GA) to explore the complex engineering optimization problems. GA interfaced with nonlinear response history (NRH) analysis is considered as one of the most powerful and popular stochastic methods to deal with the nonlinear optimization problem of damper distribution. In this paper, the effectiveness and the efficiency of GA on optimizing damper distribution are first evaluated by strong ground motions associated with the collapse failure. A practical optimization framework using GA and NRH analysis is proposed for optimizing the distribution of the fluid viscous dampers within the moment resisting frames (MRF) regarding the improvements of large drifts under intensive seismic context. Both a 10-storey and a 20-storey building are involved to explore higher mode effect. A far-fault and a near-fault earthquake environment are also considered for the frames under different seismic intensity levels. To evaluate the improvements obtained from the GA optimization regarding the collapse performance of the buildings, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is conducted and comparisons are made between the GA damper distribution and stiffness proportional damping distribution on the collapse probability of the retrofitted frames.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2000

지진 발생 시 일어날 수 있는 대규모 가스 폭발과 같은 2차 재앙을 미연에 방지하기 위해 천연가스 공급관리소에 설치하는 지진 감지 및 전송 시스템을 개발하였다. 천연가스 공급관리소에서 지진 감지 시스템을 효율적으로 설치하고 운용하기 위하여, 공급관리소의 지반 노이즈패턴 분석을 통하여 지반의 운동을 좀더 정밀히 계측할 수 있는 센서 설치 위치와 설치 방법을 제안하였다. 지진 발생 시 가스 차단 여부를 신속히 판단하기 위해 PGA(Peak Ground Acceleration)와 지진파가 가지는 에너지와 밀접한 연관성을 가지는 Sl(Spectrum Intensity)를 실시간으로 계산하는 알고리즘을 개발하였고 이를 지진 감지 시스템 내에 실현하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 액상화 평가 대상지반을 선정하여 미국, 일본 등 액상화 발생지역에 적용한 사례가 있는 에너지를 기반으로 하는 Arias intensity 액상화 평가법을 적용하고, 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 기존의 원위치시험을 통한 액상화 간편예측법을 수행하여 평가결과를 비교하였다. 대상지반에 대한 액상화 평가결과, Hachinohe 지진과 Ofunato 지진의 실지진기록을 이용한 Arias Intensity 안전율은 간편예측 안전율과 유사하게 산정되었으며, 설계응답스펙트럼으로부터 작성된 인공지진의 경우 Arias Intensity 안전율은 간편예측 안전율과 비교하여 다소 차이가 나타났다. 액상화를 발생시키는 전단응력비와 발생강도는 응력과 에너지라는 서로 다른 개념으로 산정되지만, 간편예측법의 전단저항응력비와 Arias Intensity의 저항강도는 실지진에 따른 액상화 발생지역을 대상으로 한 표준관입시험 등 경험적 도표를 사용한다는 점에서 Hachinohe 지진과 Ofunato 지진의 경우 Arias Intensity 평가법과 응력개념의 간편예측법 사이에 비슷한 결과가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 에너지를 기반으로 하는 Arias Intensity 액상화 평가법은 응력개념의 간편예측법에서 고려하지 않은 실지진 기록에 대한 가속도, 지속시간, 진폭 등의 지진특성으로 야기되는 지반의 동적변화를 표현할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.873-889
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• 2015

In civil engineering, probabilistic seismic risk assessment is used to predict the economic damage to a lifeline system of possible future earthquakes. The results are used to plan mitigation measures and to strengthen the structures where necessary. Instead, after an earthquake public authorities need mathematical models that compute: the damage caused by the earthquake to the individual vulnerable components and links, and the global behavior of the lifeline system. In this study, a framework that was developed and used for prediction purpose is modified to assess the consequences of an earthquake in quasi real-time after such earthquake happened. This is possible because nowadays entire seismic regions are instrumented with tight networks of strong motion stations, which provide and broadcast accurate intensity measure maps of the event to the public within minutes. The framework uses the broadcasted map and calculates the damage to the lifeline system and its component in quasi real-time. The results give the authorities the most likely status of the system. This helps emergency personnel to deal with the damage and to prioritize visual inspections and repairs. A highway transportation network is used as a test bed but any lifeline system can be analyzed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2004

A shaking table test on a three-story one-bay steel frame model with metallic yield dampers and their parallel connection with oil dampers is carried out to study the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance of the energy dissipation system. It is found from the test that the combined energy dissipation system has favorable reducing vibration effects on structural displacement, and the structural peak acceleration can not evidently be reduced under small intensity seismic excitations, but in most cases the vibration reduction effect is very good under large intensity seismic excitations. Test results also show that stiffness of the energy dissipation devices should match their damping. Dynamic analysis method and mechanics models of these two dampers are proposed. In the analysis method, the force-displacement relationship of the metallic yield damper is represented by an elastic perfectly plastic model, and the behavior of the oil damper is simulated by a velocity and displacement relative model in which the contributions of the oil damper to the damping force and stiffness of the system are considered. Validity of the analytical model and the method is verified through comparison between the results of the shaking table test and numerical analysis.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2013

This paper presents the seismic evaluation and prediction of a damaged piloti-type Reinforced Concrete (RC) building before and after post-retrofitting under successive earthquakes. For considering realistic successive earthquakes, the past records measured at the same station were combined. In this study, the damaged RC building due to the first earthquake was retrofitted with a buckling-restrained brace (BRB) before the second earthquake occurred. Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NTHA) was performed under the scaled intensity of the successive ground motions. Based on the extensive structural response data obtained form from the NTHA, the fragility relationships between the ground shaking intensity and the probability of reaching a pre-determined limit state was were derived. In addition, The the fragility curves of the pre-damaged building without and with the BRBs were employed to evaluate the effect of the successive earthquakes and the post-retrofit effect. Through the seismic assessment subjected to the successive records, it was observed that the seismic performance of the pre-damaged building was significantly affected by the severity of the damage from the first earthquake damages and the hysteresis behavior of the retrofit element.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2012

지진취약도 곡선은 구조물의 피해를 지반가속도에 따른 확률로 나타낸 것으로, 이를 이용하여 구조물의 지진에 대한 손상확률을 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 6층, 12층 중복도형 격간벽 구조 시스템에 대한 취약도 곡선을 산출하기 위해 22쌍의 지반가속도를 이용하여 증분동적해석(Incremental dynamic analysis)을 수행하고, 다양한 지진강도에 대한 파괴확률을 구하였다. 정형의 격간벽 구조의 해석결과와 1층의 격간벽을 기둥으로 대체한 구조물, 중앙 복도에 기둥이 추가된 구조물의 해석결과를 비교하였다. 취약도 해석결과에 따르면 동일한 수준의 지진하중에 대하여 중앙 복도에 기둥을 추가한 모델이 가장 높은 내진 안전성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.860-868
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• 2018

This article presents a new design of earthquake instrumentation that is suitable for quick decision-making after the seismic event at the nuclear power plant (NPP). The main objective of this work is to ensure more availability of the NPP by expediting walk-down period when the seismic wave is incident. In general, the decision-making to restart the NPP after the seismic event requires more than 1 month if an earthquake exceeds operating basis earthquake level. It affects to the plant availability significantly. Unnecessary shutdown can be skipped through quick assessments of operating basis earthquake, safe shutdown earthquake events, and damage status to structure, system, and components. Multidecision parameters such as cumulative absolute velocity, peak ground acceleration, Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, floor response spectrum, and cumulative fatigue are discussed. The implementation scope on the field-programmable gate array platform of this work is limited to cumulative absolute velocity, peak ground acceleration, and Modified Mercalli Intensity. It can ensure better availability of the plant through integrated decision-making process by automatic assessment of NPP structure, system, and components.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.383-396
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• 2013

In earthquake engineering area, the critical excitation method is an approach to find the most severe earthquake subjected to the structure. However, given some earthquake constraints, such as intensity and power, the critical excitations have spectral density functions that often resonate with the first modes of the structure. This paper presents a non-stationary critical excitation that is capable of exciting the main modes of the structure using a non-uniform power spectral density (PSD) that is similar to natural earthquakes. Thus, this paper proposes a new method to estimate the power and intensity of earthquakes. Finally, a new method for the linear seismic design of structures using a modified non-stationary critical excitation is proposed.