• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.581-591
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• 2023

North Anatolian Fault Zone is tectonically active with recent earthquakes (Mw7.6 1999-Kocaeli and Mw7.2 1999-Düzce earthquakes) and it passes through Marmara region, which is highly industrialized, densely populated and economically important part of Turkey. Many power plants, located in Marmara region, are exposed to high seismic hazard. In this study, open source OpenQuake software has been used for the probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis of Marmara region and risk assessment for the specified energy facility. The SHARE project seismic zonation model has been used in the analysis with the regional sources, NGA GMPEs and site model logic trees. The earthquake hazard results have been compared with the former and existing earthquake resistant design regulations in Turkey, TSC 2007 and TBSCD 2018. In the scope of the study, the seismic hazard assessment for a typical natural gas combined cycle power plant located in Marmara region has been achieved. The seismic risk assessment has been accomplished for a typical control building located in the power plant using obtained seismic hazard results. The structural and non-structural fragility functions and a consequence model have been used in the seismic risk assessment. Based on the seismic hazard level with a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, considered for especially these type of critical structures, the ratios of structural and non-structural loss to the total building cost were obtained as 8.8% and 45.7%, respectively. The results of the study enable the practical seismic risk assessment of the critical facility located on different regions.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2010

이 논문에서는 내진상세가 적용되지 않은 RC골조의 지진 거동 특성을 파악하였다. 해석 대상 건물은 내진 규준의 적용을 받지 않고 중력하중만을 고려하여 설계되었다. 원형철근이 주철근으로 사용되었으며, 부재는 낮은 수준의 전단력을 견딜 수 있는 최소한의 스터럽이 사용되어 코어 부분의 구속효과는 거의 없다. 평면비정형성을 가진 건물의 경우, 푸쉬오버 해석을 통해서는 비틀림으로 인한 평면상에서 연단부의 손상집중을 파악할 수 없으므로 비선형 동적해석을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 섬유요소를 이용한 비선형 동적해석은 양방향 지진하중과 비틀림 거동의 영향을 받는 RC골조의 거동을 성공적으로 예측할 수 있었다. 하지만, 보다 진보된 응답 예측을 위해서는 부착 미끄러짐과 같은 보-기둥 접합부의 국부거동을 정밀하게 나타내는 모델링 요소의 개발이 필요하다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제17권5호통권78호
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• pp.569-580
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• 2005

기존 강구조 모멘트연성골조시스템의 기둥-보 접합부는 노스리지 지진과 고베 지진시 충분한 내진성능을 발휘하지 못하고 접합부에서 취성파괴가 발생하였다. 본 논문은 기존 접합부의 형상을 변화하여 H형강보 웨브의 고장력볼트 전단접합과 H형 플랜지의 리브보강 유무를 변수로 한 실대형 실험을 실시하였다. 실험목적은 보웨브의 2면전단접합으로 고장력 볼트수 감소와 시공성 향상을 기대하며, 리브플레이트 보강을 통해 내진성능을 향상시키고자 한다. H형강 보웨브의 2면전단접합과 리브플레이트로 보강한 접합부 실험결과, 기존 접합부보다 초기강성, 에너지 소산능력 및 소성회전능력이 높게 나타났으며, 내력상승률 및 변형능력은 전단탭의 위치로 인해 인장측과 압축측이 다소 차이를 보이고 있으나 전체적으로 우수한 내진성능을 나타냈다. 그리고 모든 시험체가 층간변위비 4%, 총소성회능력 약 0.029rad이상 및 접합부 최대내력이 원단면보 전소성모멘트의 약 130% 이상을 상회하여 중급모멘트연성골조이상의 설계가 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 건설 구조물에 사용되는 건설 자재 중 콘크리트 구조체에 전면 부착 시공되어 건축물의 내외부로부터 스며들거나 넘쳐흐르는 물을 막을 수 있는 차단마감재인 방수재료에 있어 가속 환경 조건 속의 지하 외벽에서의 방수 성능 설계의 일환으로 내진 성능 설계가능성을 제안하고 그 품질검증 시험방법에 대해 검토하였다. 국내외 건설자재 내진설계 현황을 살펴보았을 때, 국내의 경우 아직까지 현행법상 건축 과정에서의 내진설계 규제는 있지만 자재에 대한 규제는 없어 내진용 제품군이 드물고 대부분 시공법에 의존하고 있는 상황이다. 국외의 경우 일본, 캐나다, 독일과 같이 비구조재에 내진성능을 부여한 다양한 건축자재가 개발되고 있음을 확일 할 수 있었고, 이러한 내진설계 개념은 앞장에서 살펴본 바와 같이, 지하 콘크리트 구조체에 전면접착 혹은 부분 부착되어 시공되는 선행 외방수재료에 있어 지진에 대한 보완 대응력을 가질 수 있다면 내진 설계된 구조체와 함께 누수 예방 및 방지 기술로서 그 적용성을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1992

최근 철근콘크리트 건축물의 초고층화 추세에 따라 건축물의 설계시에 고강도의 건설재료, 부재단면의 축소, 직경이 큰 철근의 사용이 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 구조물의 다른 부위에 비하여 접합부 영역의 응력 집중현상이 커지고, 철근콘크리트 구조물에 고강도 콘크리트를 적용하므로써 고정하중의 감소, 부재단면의 축소, 부재내력의 증대, 장 스팬 구조물의 축소 가능, 경제성의 향상을 가져올 수 있는 장점으로 인하여, 철근콘크리트 구조물에 고강도 콘크리트의 이용은 더욱 증대할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 고강도콘크리트는 보통 콘크리트와 다른 특성, 특히 최대내력이후의 강도저하가 현저하고 파괴성상이 취성적인 성질을 지니고 있으므로 실제 구조물에 적용하기 앞서 구조물의 안전성 측면에서 부재 실험을 통하여 정확한 역학적 특성을 규명할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반복 주기하중을 받는 고강도 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부의 거동을 파악하고, 접합부의 내진성능 개선을 위한 새로운 설계방법을 실제 초고층 철근콘크리트 건축물의 설계를 위한 기초 자료로 제시하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.561-580
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• 2014

After strong earthquakes conventional frames used worldwide in multi - story steel buildings (e.g. moment resisting frames) are not well positioned according to reparability. Two innovative systems for seismic resistant steel frames incorporated with dissipative fuses were developed within the European Research Program "FUSEIS" (Vayas et al. 2013). The first, FUSEIS1, resembles a vertical Vierendeel beam and is composed of two closely spaced strong columns rigidly connected to multiple beams. In the second system, FUSEIS2, a discontinuity is introduced in the composite beams of a moment resisting frame and the dissipative devices are steel plates connecting the two parts. The FUSEIS system is able to dissipate energy by means of inelastic deformations in the fuses and combines ductility and architectural transparency with stiffness. In case of strong earthquakes damage concentrates only in the fuses which behave as self-centering systems able to return the structure to its initial undeformed shape. Repair work after such an event is limited only to replacing the fuses. Experimental and numerical investigations were performed to study the response of the fuses system. Code relevant design rules for the seismic design of frames with dissipative FUSEIS and practical recommendations on the selection of the appropriate fuses as a function of the most important parameters and member verifications have been formulated and are included in a Design Guide. This article presents the design and performance of building frames with FUSEIS 1-1 based on models calibrated on the experimental results.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2000

Experiments were carried out to investigate the seismic behaviors, such as lateral strength, ductility and energy-dissipation capacity. of high-strength concrete (HSC) square short column confined in thin steel shell. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the suitability of using HSC square columns confined in thin steel shell in region of moderate-to-high seismic risk. A total of six columns, consisting of two ordinarily reinforced concrete square short columns and four reinforced concrete square short columns confined in thin steel shell was tested. Column specimens, short columns in a moment resisting frame with girder. were tested under a constant axial and reversed cyclic lateral loads. To design the specimens. transverse reinforcing methods, level of axial load applied, and the steel tube width-thickness ratio (D/t) were chosen as main parameters. Test results were also discussed and compared in the light of improvements in general behaviors, ductility, and energy-absorption capacities. Compared to conventionally reinforced concrete columns, the HSC columns confined in thin steel shell had similar load-displacement hysteretic behavior but exhibited greater energy-dissipation characteristics . It is concluded that, in strong earthquake areas, the transverse reinforcing method by using a thin steel shell (D/t=125) is quite effective to make HSC short columns with very strong and ductile.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2021

International seismic codes stipulate that adjacent buildings should be separated by a specified minimum distance, otherwise the pounding effect should be considered in the design. Recent researches proposed an alternative method (Double Difference Combination Rule) to estimate seismic gap between structures, as this method considers the cross relation of adjacent buildings behavior during earthquakes. Four different criteria were used to calculate the minimum separation distance using this method and results are compared to the international codes for five separation cases. These cases used four case study buildings classified by different heights, lateral load resisting systems and fundamental periods of vibrations to assess the consistency in results for the alternative methods. Non-linear analysis was performed to calculate the inelastic displacements of the four buildings, and the results were used to evaluate the relation between elastic and inelastic displacements due to the ductility of structural elements resisting seismic loads. A verification analysis was conducted to guarantee that the separation distance calculated is sufficient to avoid pounding. Results shows that the use of two out of the four studied methods yields separation distances smaller than that calculated by the code specified equations without under-estimating the minimum separation distance required to avoid pounding.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2023

Banda Aceh is one of the areas that sustains the most damage during a natural disaster because it contains so many houses, office buildings, public facilities, and schools. Public structures in coastal areas are highly susceptible to earthquakes, resulting in high casualties and property damage. Several public structures were reconstructed during the reconstruction and rehabilitation period. Because this building is located in an area with a high risk of earthquakes, its capacity must be analyzed initially. Additionally, history indicates that Aceh Province has been struck by numerous earthquakes, including the largest ever recorded in 1983 and the most recent earthquake with a magnitude of 9.3 SR on December 26, 2004. The city of Banda Aceh was devastated by this earthquake, which was followed by a tsunami. The possibility of a large earthquake in Banda Aceh City necessitates that the structures constructed there be resistant to seismic risk. This study's objective was to evaluate the seismic performance of the existing building by applying the method of strengthening the structure in the form of jacketing columns and the addition of steel bracing in order to estimate the performance of the structure using multiple ground motions. Therefore, several public buildings must be analyzed to determine the optimal seismic retrofitting technique.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2019

This study deals with the microstructure and tensile properties of 600 MPa-grade seismic reinforced steel bars fabricated by a pilot plant. The steel bar specimens are composed of a fully ferrite-pearlite structure because they were air-cooled after hot-rolling. The volume fraction and interlamellar spacing of the pearlite and the ferrite grain size decrease from the center region to the surface region because the surface region is more rapidly cooled than the center region. The A steel bar specimenwith a relatively high carbon content generally has a higher pearlite volume fraction and interlamellar spacing of pearlite and a finer ferrite grain size because increasing the carbon content promotes the formation of pearlite. As a result, the A steel bar specimen has a higher hardness than the B steel bar in all the regions. The hardness shows a tendency to decrease from the center region to the surface region due to the decreased pearlite volume fraction. On the other hand, the tensile-to-yield strength ratio and the tensile strength of the A steel bar specimen are higher than those of the B steel bar with a relatively low carbon content because a higher pearlite volume fraction enhances work hardening. In addition, the B steel bar specimen has higher uniform and total elongations because a lower pearlite volume fraction facilitates plastic deformation caused by dislocation slip.